scholarly journals State Security as an Element of National Culture – The Phenomenon of The All-Russian Military-Patriotic Movement of Yunarmia

2019 ◽  
pp. 149-162
Author(s):  
Wiktor Możgin

Nowadays, the world is back in competition for influence on the international arena. The unipolar arrangement with the leading role of the United States, which was formed after the collapse of the Soviet Union, has been destroyed. Today, one of the countries that returns to the position of a superpower not only regional but also world-wide is the Russian Federation. The factor that testifies to the power of the Russian state is its military potential. In this context, the issue of human resources is an important aspect that deserves special attention. Russia treats the human factor as one of the priority elements of state development. Today, inside the Russian state, a pragmatic cultural tendency based on the idea of military-patriotic education of youth has been formed. In 2016, the all-Russian military-patriotic Yunarmia movement was created. On the scale of the Russian state, this is a phenomenon of security culture based on the education of patriotic attitudes and defence capabilities among the young generation of Russians. Yunarmia, through its direct connection with the Ministry of National Defence of the Russian Federation, provides a platform for the development of Russian military and thus the potential that translates into Russia's international power position.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon C. Halaychik

The Russian Federations drive to reestablish itself as a global power has severe security implications for the United States, its Arctic neighbors, and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization as a whole. The former Commander of United States Naval Forces Europe Admiral Mark Ferguson noted that the re-militarization of Russian security policy in the Arctic is one of the most significant developments in the twenty-first century adding that Russia is creating an “Arc of steel from the Arctic to the Mediterranean” (Herbst 2016, 166). Although the Russian Federation postulates its expansion into the Arctic is for purely economic means, the reality of the military hardware being placed in the region by the Russians tells otherwise. Implementation of military hardware such as anti-air defenses is contrary to the stipulated purposes of the Russian Government in the region. Therefore is the Russian Federation building strategic military bases in the Arctic to challenge the United States hegemony due to the mistreatment against the Russians by the United States and NATO after the collapse of the Soviet Union.


1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 510-532
Author(s):  
Christoph Bluth

RUSSIAN FOREIGN POLICY IS STILL IN A STATE OF FLUX. LIKE the other former republics of the Soviet Union, the Russian Federation seeks to come to terms with being an independent state needing to define its national interests and foreign and security policy objectives.The principal element in the new frame of reference for Moscow is the disintegration of the Warsaw Pact and the Soviet Union itself. For forty years, most of the territories controlled by Moscow were adjacent to territories protected by the United States, or else to China. The Russian Federation is now virtually surrounded by former Soviet republics, all with deep political, social and economic problems, and some of which are highly unstable and subject to violent civil conflicts. The territory of the Russian Federation itself, about 75 per cent of the territory of the former USSR with about 60 per cent of its population, is still not properly defined, given that significant sections of the borders are purely notional, and the degree of control that Moscow can exercise over the entire Federation is uncertain.


Author(s):  
Andrey Bocharnikov ◽  
Viktor Shagaev

The article deals with some issues of using the possibilities of cinema in the information and propaganda confrontation in the United States, the Soviet Union and the Russian Federation.


2021 ◽  
pp. 5-16
Author(s):  
Alexandra Arkhangelskaya ◽  
Daria Turianitsa ◽  
Vasily Sidorov ◽  
Vladimir Shubin

This part of a joint article contains a survey of the sources regarding the history of cooperation between the Soviet Union and the national liberation movement in South Africa in the Russian central archives. The main ones are the Russian State Archive of Modern History, the State Archive of the Russian Federation, the Russian State Archive of Social and Political History, the Russian State Archive of the Economy and the Archive of Foreign Policy of the Russian Federation.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (143) ◽  
pp. 162-173
Author(s):  
Dmitriy Yu. Shcherbinin ◽  

The origin of space means of studying the Earth's surface in the 50- 70-s of the twentieth century is inextricably linked with the main stages of the development of space technology. The improvement of methods and technical means for the study of the Earth and near-Earth space took place in the conditions of acute political confrontation between the USSR and the United States. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in identifying the key points that influenced the formation of the “Vostok” satellite program at the design stage from 1957 to 1960, as well as assessing the contribution of engineering and design solutions to the development of the space industry of the Soviet Union. (Materials and methods) The research is based on the materials of the State Archive of the Russian Federation, the Russian State Archive of Scientific and Technical Documentation, the Archive of the President of the Russian Federation, the Russian State Archive of Economics, the Archive of the S. P. Korolev Rocket and Space Corporation “Energiya”, the Archive of the Yuri Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center, as well as publications of historians, memoirs of witnesses and participants of events, and the results of previous research on this topic. (Results and discussion) The article presents the history of the creation of the program of the Soviet spacecraft- satellites of the “Vostok” series. The greatest difficulty of the project was the development of scientific equipment for scientific research and the transmission of the received data from the satellite to the Earth. The terms of reference for conducting research and developing a control system that ensures the launch of the satellite into orbit were developed; the terms of reference and work plans providing for the research and development of systems and means for getting the results of scientific observations from orbit. (Conclusions) The first flight of the satellite spacecraft showed the correctness of the main theoretical provisions and engineering and design decisions taken when creating an orientable spacecraft.


2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 84-105
Author(s):  
D. A. Belashchenko ◽  
V. V. Tolkachev ◽  
A. P. Shmelev ◽  
I. F. Shodzhonov

Integration processes in the post-Soviet space actualize the topic of several individual organizations prospects considering current trends on the international scene, particularly the ODED-GUAM. This formation is specific because it was initially created without the participation of the Russian Federation and also formed as an alternative to the Common-wealth of Independent States and other integration projects where the leading role was recognized for the Russian Federation.The study consists of two parts. The first part examines the development process of the ODED-GUAM organization and high-lights the main stages of its existence. The transformation of the conceptual ideas of the organization’s development from a global to a local actor in world politics was also mentioned in the article. The study conducts a broad analysis of the organization’s source base, evaluates the results that the organization has achieved and the reasons of its composition change.The second part of the study is devoted to the analysis of the prospects for the development of this organization from the standpoint of neorealism (structural realism) taking into account the combination of endogenous and exogenous factors.The totality of moments related to the specifics of the ODED-GUAM conceptual component evolution, the episodic nature of its activities, the presence of the internal conflict of interests among participating countries, the leading international actors positions towards the organization, allows us to consider the integration entity is mostly the artificial construct that unified states that were for one reason or another out of key integration projects of the Russian Federation in the post-Soviet space. It is also relevant to consider the ODED-GUAM as a tool for promoting the interests of such actors as the United States and the EU in the post-Soviet space, as an instrument of information, ideological, and economic pressure on Russia and its partners in integration entities.In fact, the prospects of the ODEDGUAM organization are directly dependent on the position and policy of external actors who consider this organization as one of the platforms to influence the Russian Federation as well as the People’s Republic of China and the integration projects implemented by these countries.


2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 361-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Bazyler ◽  
Seth M. Gerber

AbstractDisplaced and nationalized cultural property remains hidden in the vast holdings of museums, libraries, and archives around the world. Some governments holding these “trophies” of war and conquest refuse to return such cultural treasures to their rightful owners even when their provenance has been identified. They assert that the collections were obtained through expropriation and nationalization, and that divestiture of a museum, library, or archive would jeopardize the existence of these institutions and cause societal discord.This article discusses the struggle of an orthodox Jewish organization to recover from the Russian Federation a collection of sacred, irreplaceable books and manuscripts seized in the aftermath of the Bolshevik Revolution and during World War II. The story of Agudas Chasidei Chabad's efforts to recover these core religious texts of its spiritual leaders has involved appeals by U.S. presidents, congress, and the U.S. Helsinki Commission, as well as lawsuits in the Soviet Union/Russia and United States.After prolonged litigation in the United States, a federal court of appeals in Washington DC ruled in 2008 that American courts have jurisdiction over Chabad's suit against the Russian Federation to recover its religious texts. This ruling may pave the way for the resolution of this dispute and also lead to the filing of other suits in American courts seeking to recover looted cultural property, even if that property is located outside U.S. borders.


Author(s):  
А.И. Гавришин

Ведущими факторами преобразования окружающей среды в регио- не являются угледобывающая и углеперерабатывающая промышленности. Под влиянием этих факторов формируется множество негативных последствий и, прежде всего, интенсивное загрязнение грунтовых вод. Цель исследований – оценить роль шахтных вод в управлении загрязненностью грунтовых вод в Вос- точном Донбассе. Методы исследования. Для решения поставленной задачи применены стандартные ме- тоды математической статистики, цифровая компьютерная классификационная технология АГАТ-2, метод оценки качества вод по суммарному показателю загрязненности. Выполнен детальный анализ закономер- ностей формирования химического состава и загрязненности шахтных и грунтовых вод в Восточном Дон- бассе. Шахтные воды содержат очень высокие концентрации многих компонентов, значительно превы- шающие ПДК. Результаты работы. Наибольшие концентрации отмечены по Fe и Mn, для которых превы- шения ПДК составляют сотни, а в отдельных случаях тысячи раз. Обычно превышение ПДК в десятки раз обнаружено для Al, Li, Be, Ni, Se, Cu и Zn. Из макрокомпонентов значительное загрязнение проявляется по концентрациям SO4, Na, Mg и M. В грунтовых водах наибольшую долю в загрязнение вод также вносят Fe и Mn, отмечается превышение ПДК по Al, Zn, Be, Li, Se, Cu, а также по SO4, Na, Mg и M. Сравнение списка компонентов загрязненности шахтных и грунтовых вод убедительно свидетельствует, что шахтные воды играют ведущую роль в управлении качеством грунтовых вод. Актуальность исследований заключается в том, что впервые для важного в промышленно-экономическом отношении региона РФ выполнена оценка качества шахтных вод и их влияния на загрязнение грунтовых по требованиям к ПДК вод в соответствии с нормативами США, ЕС и РФ. Очень высокий уровень загрязненности шахтных и грунтовых вод свиде- тельствует о настоятельной необходимости выполнения мониторинговых наблюдений, проведения мер по реабилитации состояния окружающей среды в регионе и совершенствования очистных технологий, в первую очередь, по уменьшению концентраций Fe, Mn и величины минерализации. Ключевые слова: шахтные, грунтовые воды, химический состав, показатель загрязненности, Вос- точный Донбасс Coal mining and coal-processing industries are the leading drivers of environmental transformation in the region. These factors are influenced by many negative effects and, above all, intense groundwater pollution. Aim of the research is to assess the role of mine water in the management of groundwater pollution in the Eastern Donbass. Methods. To solve the problem, standard methods of mathematical statistics, digital computer classification technology AGTA-2, and method of assessing water quality according to the total pollution indicator are used. A detailed analysis of the patterns of chemical composition and contamination of mine and groundwater in the Eastern Donbass has been carried out. Mine water contains very high concentrations of many components, much higher than MAC. Results. The highest concentrations are recorded by Fe and Mn, for which the excesses of MAC are hundreds, and in some cases thousands of times. Typically, the excess of MAC is found tenfold for Al, Li, Be, Ni, Se, Cu and Zn. Of the macro components, significant pollution is manifested by concentrations of SO4, Na, Mg and M. In groundwater, Fe and Mn also contribute to groundwater pollution, and there is an excess of MAC for Al, Zn, Be, Li, Se, Cu, as well as SO4, Na, Mg and M. The relevance of the research lies in the fact that for the first time for the industrial and economic region of the Russian Federation, an assessment of the quality of mine waters and their impact on groundwater pollution according to the requirements of the MAC of water in accordance with the regulations of the United States, the EU and the Russian Federation has been carried out. Comparison of the list of mine and groundwater pollution components strongly demonstrates that mine water plays a leading role in the management of groundwater quality. The very high level of mine and groundwater pollution demonstrates the urgent need to carry out monitoring observations, to rehabilitate the environment in the region and to improve treatment technologies, primarily to reduce the concentrations of Fe, Mn and mineralization


2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-166
Author(s):  
Mikhail Vladimirovich Vavilin

Today the issue of Patriotic education of citizens is very important. Part 2 of аrticle 13 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation prohibits to establish any state ideology. To solve this problem in this article, the author bases his conclusions on the theory of “constitutional patriotism” by Jurgen Habermas. The Constitution of the Russian Federation already contains Patriotic norms, fulfilling which a citizen can be called a real patriot. These are articles of the Constitution of the Russian Federation about State symbols of the Russian Federation (part1 of article 70), about the preservation of cultural heritage (part 1). 3 article 44), about the duty to protect theFatherland (part 1 article 59).In preparing this article, the author studied the legal framework of Patriotic education, legally enshrined in 47 laws of the subject of Russian Federation on Patriotic education, the legal framework of Patriotic education, proposed in the Concept of Patriotic education of citizens in the Russian Federation, as well as the legal framework of Patriotic education, set out in the analytical note of the Russian state military historical and cultural center of the Government of the Russian Federation (Rosvoentsentr). Further explored the legal framework of Patriotic education offered in researches of Karpov N. N., Lapteva L. E., Surguladze, V. Sh. and others researchers.On the basis of the obtained results, the legal basis of Patriotic education is proposed and systematized.As a tool of improving of the effectiveness of Patriotic education the author considers the Prosecutor’s supervision. The article proposes to allocate in a separate direction prosecutorial supervision over the implementation of laws on Patriotic education in connection with the national importance of this issue.To date there is no centralized system of Patriotic education in the country, no training of educators in this area has been organized. It requires a detailed analysis of the effectiveness of financial resources allocated to the organization of Patriotic education.Insufficient attention on the part of the subjects of Patriotic education is paid to the territories where there are relevant problems.The active work of prosecutors in this area will ensure an appropriate level of law in the field of Patriotic education.


2005 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-21
Author(s):  
André W.M. Gerrits

Victor Yushchenko's hard-won victory in the December 2004 presidential elections in Ukraine, also known as the ‘Orange Revolution’, seems typical of some important international political trends in Europe: one, democratic intervention by Western governmental and non-governmental organizations in the internal affairs of (semi-)authoritarian states in the eastern part of Europe has shown some remarkable results; two, the Russian Federation openly, though not very successfully, interferes into these disputes, in order to secure its interests in this region; and third, subsequently, tensions between Russia and the ‘West’ (in this case, the United States and the European Union are in agreement) are on the rise, using political terminology that reminds us of the Cold War era: democracy, human rights, and spheres of influence. Do we run the risk, ten years after the collapse of the communist powerhouse Soviet Union, to start a new East-West conflict? Does Europe have legitimate security interests in the ‘Near Abroad’ (the Kremlin's jargon for the republics of the former Soviet Union minus the Baltic States), and if so, how should we define them against the ambitions, imperial or otherwise, of the Russian Federation?


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