scholarly journals Engineering and geological conditions of the north-western territory of Makhachkala due to flooding

2021 ◽  
pp. 45-54
Author(s):  
В.М. Кондаков ◽  
С.А. Мамаев ◽  
М.А. Мусаев ◽  
А.С. Мамаев
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Environmental Consequences ◽  
The North ◽  
Hydrogeological Parameters ◽  
Western Area ◽  
Geological Conditions ◽  
Caspian Lowland ◽  
Horizontal Type ◽  
North Western

Определение геоморфологических и геологических условий северо-западной площади г. Махачкалы, включая Новолакский район (Новострой), в связи с процессами засоления, осолонцевания и подтопления сельскохозяйственных земель. В настоящее время город интенсивно расширяется во все стороны. Особенно актуально изучение северо-западной территории г. Махачкалы в связи с подтоплением. Район относится к Прикаспийской низменности с отрицательными отметками рельефа. Отсутствие исследований по указанным проблемам может привести к нежелательным материальным и экологическим последствиям. В связи с подтоплением изменяются и несущие способности грунтов. Изменяются сейсмоакустические свойства грунтов, т.е. скорости распространения продольных (Vp) и поперечных (Vs) волн, а также соответствующие коэффициенты и декременты их поглощения. Цель работы. Определить границы слабо дренированных и весьма слабо дренированных зон, которые выявляют барражные участки территории, и гидрогеологические районы в зависимости от водопроводимости составных верхней и нижней толщ грунтов. Методы исследований. Сбор базы данных инженерно-геологических изысканий по химическому составу грунтовых вод и литологии покровных толщ грунтов. Сбор гидрогеологических параметров разных типов грунтов и гранулометрического состава песков целью интерпретации их фильтрационных свойств. Определение уклона рельефа местности с целью выявления зон дренированности территории. Результаты работы. Представлены таблицы химического состава грунтовых вод по 19-ти объектам и гидрогеологических условий площади по данным инженерно-геологических изысканий по 39-ти объектам, в том числе глубины залегания грунтовых вод, типа грунтов по сейсмичности, глубины залегания коренных пород, трех таксонов гидрогеологических районов, уклонов рельефа. Для выделенных гидрогеологических районов: для ГР-1 рекомендуется горизонтальный тип дренажа, для ГР-2 – вертикальный или комбинированный типы дренажа, для ГР-3 – подземный дренаж не эффективен. Указано о необходимости сейсмического микрорайонирования не только исследованного района, но и всего города Махачкалы, с перспективой дальнейшей застройки. Determination of the geomorphological and geological conditions of the north-western area of Makhachkala, including the Novolaksky district (Novostroy), in connection with the processes of salinization, alkalinization and flooding of agricultural lands. Currently, the city is intensively expanding in all directions. Particularly interesting is the study area of ​​the northwestern territory of Makhachkala due to flooding. It belongs to the Caspian lowland with negative relief marks. Lack of research on these problems can lead to undesirable material and environmental consequences. Due to flooding, the bearing capacity of the soil also changes. The seismoacoustic properties of soils change, i.e. the velocities of propagation of longitudinal (Vp) and transverse (Vs) waves, as well as the corresponding coefficients and decrements of their absorption. Aim.Determine the boundaries of poorly drained and very poorly drained zones, which reveal barrage areas of the territory, and hydrogeological areas, depending on the water permeability of the composite upper and lower soil strata. Methods. Collecting a database of geotechnical surveys on the chemical composition of groundwater and lithology of cover layers of soils. Collecting hydrogeological parameters of different types of soils and granulometric composition of sands in order to interpret their filtration properties. Determination of the slope of the terrain in order to identify the drainage zones of the territory. Results.Presented are tables of the chemical composition of groundwater for 19 objects and hydrogeological conditions of the area according to engineering and geological surveys for 39 objects, including the depth of groundwater, the type of soil in terms of seismicity, the depth of bedrock, three taxa of hydrogeological regions, slopes of the relief. For the selected hydrogeological regions: GR-1 - a horizontal type of drainage is recommended, for GR-2 - vertical or combined types of drainage, for GR-3 - underground drainage is not effective. It is indicated that it is necessary to seismic microzoning not only of the investigated area, but of the entire city of Makhachkala with the prospect of further development.

scholarly journals AGE DETERMINATION AND PALAEOGEOGRAPHIC RECONSTRUCTION OF DIAPONDIA ISLANDS IN NW GREECE, BASED ON CALCAREOUS NANNOFOSSILS

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 675
Author(s):  
G. Makrodimitras ◽  
K. Stoykova ◽  
I. Vakalas ◽  
A. Zelilidis
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Age Determination ◽  
Calcareous Nannofossils ◽  
Late Oligocene ◽  
Submarine Fans ◽  
The North ◽  
Western Area ◽  
North Western ◽  
Of Greece

Diapondia islands - Ereikoussa, Othonoi and Mathraki – extended in the north-western area of Greece, are part of the external Ionian zone of the Hellenides. The exposed sedimentary succession of the three islands consists of up to 74m thick submarine fans, interpreted as inner fan deposits. The determination of the sediment ages is based on the study of calcareous nannofossils, which came from almost 63 samples covering geological cross sections across the coast line of the three islands. The recorded nannofossil associations are assigned to the biozones of Martini’s (1971) standard scheme. According to the age determination clastic sedimentation in the studied area started during the Late Oligocene and finished during the Early Miocene time. Moreover, the age determination and in accordance with the previous results, indicate that also the Ionian thrust activity started during Late Oligocene.

HPLC Screening of Bioactives Compounds and Antioxidant Capacity of Different Hypericum Species

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Gitea ◽  
Simona Vicas ◽  
Manuel Alexandru Gitea ◽  
Sebastian Nemeth ◽  
Delia Mirela Tit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Polyphenolic Compounds ◽  
The Other ◽  
The North ◽  
Western Area ◽  
North Western ◽  
Hypericum Species ◽  
Biological Actions

Our study compares the content in polyphenolic compounds and hypericin, in four species of Hypericum - H. perforatum L., H. maculatum Cr., H. hirsutum L., H. tetrapterum Fr. (syn. Hypericumacutum Mnch.) harvested from spontaneous flora in the north-western area of Transylvania, Romania. These species represent an important source of such compounds with different biological actions. After making the extracts, they were subjected to HPLC-SM analysis. The presence of rutoside in the largest amount (462.82 mg %) in the H. perforatum extract was observed, this containing most of the flavonoid heterosides. For the species H. maculatum, the presence in a much higher amount of the hyperoside (976.36 mg %) is characteristic compared to the other species. Quercetol is the best represented of the flavonoid aglycons, its concentration being the highest in H. hirsutum (659.66 mg %). The hypericin content ranges from 0.2171 g % in the H. tetrapterum extract, to 0.0314 g % in the methanol extract of H. maculatum.The highest antioxidant properties measured by FRAP method were recorded in the case of H. perforatum and H. maculatum.

New determinations of tides on the north-western Ross Ice Shelf

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Richard D. Ray ◽  
Kristine M. Larson ◽  
Bruce J. Haines
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Tide Gauge ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Ice Shelf ◽  
Ross Ice Shelf ◽  
The North ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
North Western

Abstract New determinations of ocean tides are extracted from high-rate Global Positioning System (GPS) solutions at nine stations sitting on the Ross Ice Shelf. Five are multi-year time series. Three older time series are only 2–3 weeks long. These are not ideal, but they are still useful because they provide the only in situ tide observations in that sector of the ice shelf. The long tide-gauge observations from Scott Base and Cape Roberts are also reanalysed. They allow determination of some previously neglected tidal phenomena in this region, such as third-degree tides, and they provide context for analysis of the shorter datasets. The semidiurnal tides are small at all sites, yet M2 undergoes a clear seasonal cycle, which was first noted by Sir George Darwin while studying measurements from the Discovery expedition. Darwin saw a much larger modulation than we observe, and we consider possible explanations - instrumental or climatic - for this difference.

scholarly journals Ships and their timber source as indicators of connections between regions

AmS-Skrifter ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 133-143
Author(s):  
Aoife Daly
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
The North ◽  
Baltic Coast ◽  
Art Objects ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
North And South ◽  
North Western

The precise dating and determination of the source of timbers in shipwrecks found around the coasts of the North Sea and the Baltic Sea, through dendrochronology allows us to see connections between north and  south, east and west throughout the region and to a high chronological precision. In this paper we take a look at results of recent analyses of timber from ships, and timber and barrel cargoes, to try to draw a chronological picture, from the twelfth to seventeenth centuries, of links between regions, through transport in oak ships and trade of timber. Archaeological finds of oak from timber cargos in shipwrecks and fine art objects (painted panels and sculpture) show the extent to which timber was shipped from Hanseatic towns along the southern Baltic coast, to western and north-western Europe.

scholarly journals LOCALIZATION CONDITIONS AND THE GOLD CONTENT OF THE SCARNS OF ZYGYRKOL ORE ZONE (KABARDINOBALKARSKAYA REPUBLIC)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
С.Г. Парада ◽  
В.В. Столяров
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Fault ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Gold Content ◽  
Minimum Level ◽  
Lower Section ◽  
The North ◽  
Geological Conditions ◽  
Localization Conditions ◽  
North Western ◽  
Gold Bearing

Охарактеризованы геологические условия локализации золотоносных скарнов Зыгыркольской рудной зоны, выявленных при участии авторов в последние годы на Северном фланге Тырныаузского рудного узла. Установлено длительное (с позднего палеозоя) развитие деформаций в пределах Гитче-Тырныаузского рудного поля, и что к формированию продуктивной на золото Зыгыркольской рудной зоны привели вертикальное растяжение и взбросо-сдвиговые деформации альпийского этапа. Выделены четыре участка развития золотоносных скарнов. Раскрыты характер и степень их золотоносности. Они определяются уровнем денудационного среза Зыгыркольской зоны, которая воздымается в северо-западном направлении под меньшим углом, чем возвышается рельеф, что приводит к уходу под рельеф оптимального рудоносного уровня. Оптимальным уровнем среза обладает Нижний участок, где наиболее золотоносные скарны выходят на земную поверхность. Минимальным уровнем среза обладает Перевальный участок, где продуктивные на золото скарны располагаются на 100?200 м ниже земной поверхности. Are described the geological conditions for localization of the gold-bearing Zygyrkol ore zone scarns, revealed with the participation of the authors in recent years on the northern flank of Tyrnyauz ore unit. Is established the prolonged (from the late Paleozoic period) development of deformations within the limits of Gitche-Tyrnyauz ore field, and that to shaping of productive to gold Zygyrkol ore zone gave vertical tension and the reverse fault-shift deformations of Alpine stage. Four sections of the development of gold-bearing scarns are isolated. Nature and degree of their gold content are opened. They are determined by the level of the Zygyrkol zone denudation shear, which rises up in the North Western direction hearth by smaller angle than is raised relief, which leads to the withdrawal under the relief of optimum ore-bearing level. The lower section, where the gold-bearing scarns leave to the earth’s surface, possesses the optimum level of shear. The crossing section, where the scarns productive to gold are located on 100?200 m lower than earth’s surface, possesses the minimum level of shear.

scholarly journals Mapping Environmental Impacts of Rapid Urbanisation and Deriving Relationship between NDVI, NDBI and Surface Temperature: A Case Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 940 (1) ◽  
pp. 012005
Author(s):  
V Saini
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Landsat Data ◽  
Environmental Consequences ◽  
The North ◽  
Hybrid Classification ◽  
Critical Components ◽  
North Western ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Urbanisation is a complex global phenomenon driven by unorganised expansion, increased immigration, and population explosion. Changes in land cover are one of the most critical components for managing natural resources and monitoring environmental impacts in this context. In the present study, a hybrid classification approach was applied to Landsat data to get insight into the urbanisation of the Chandigarh capital region from 2000 to 2020. The results demonstrate an increasing urbanisation tendency on the city’s outskirts, particularly in the north-western and southern directions. The most considerable alterations were seen in the class vegetation as it swiftly transformed to built-up regions. Two indices, namely NDVI and NDBI and surface temperature images, were also derived from studying their inter-relationships. The paper suggests a positive linear relationship between surface temperature and NDBI while a negative correlation between NDVI and NDBI. Such studies may help city planners to take timely and appropriate efforts to reduce the environmental consequences of urbanisation.

scholarly journals Water tracks in the lower Lena River basin

2020 ◽  
Vol 163 ◽  
pp. 04007
Author(s):  
Anna Tarbeeva ◽  
Lyudmila Lebedeva ◽  
Vladimir Efremov ◽  
Vladimir Shamov ◽  
Olga Makarieva
Keyword(s):  
Active Layer ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Storm Event ◽  
Lena River ◽  
The North ◽  
Geological Conditions ◽  
North Western ◽  
Cryogenic Processes ◽  
Permafrost Regions

In the permafrost regions, where water filtration zone is limited by the shallow active layer, the surface flow forms a network of hollows, called «water tracks», oriented along the slope gradient. Water tracks are clearly distinguished on satellite images, but poorly defined in the field. The pattern of the water tracks network depends on geomorphological position, permafrost and geological conditions and dominant cryogenic processes. Surface flow could occur in the water tracks during the snowmelt and heavy rains, when the soil is entirely frozen or fully saturated by water. In dry periods, the water tracks form retention zones due to low filtration rates and significant capacity of thawed soil beneath the troughs. Our study of water tracks in the north-western Yakutia showed the changes of their morphology from upstream towards downstream. The water levels in the water tracks have a pronounced diurnal course in reverse phase to the water temperature variation. They are related to diurnal ground thawing dynamics. Hydrology of water tracks depends on the peat thickness, active layer properties and lithology. Water tracks formed by rubble rocks respond to a storm event with rapidly increasing water level. The deeper thawing layer, the smoother water levels rise and decrease.

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