Gadolinium In Medicine-An Evaluation and Update

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Chelating Agents ◽

The Body ◽

Imaging Procedures ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Intravenous Drugs ◽

Gadolinium Retention ◽

Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agents (GBCA) are intravenous drugs used in diagnostic imaging procedures to enhance the quality of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) or Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA). FDA alerts concerning potential side effects increased patient and medical concerns. More recent FDA information indicate that ionic gadolinium is released from some GBCAs, potentially causing gadolinium toxicity. We checked if gadolinium is excreted renally without intervention after previous administration of GBCAs, and if chelating agents are effective in removing gadolinium that may have remained in the body after GBCA administration. Through the evaluation of our internal database and the studies of others, we concluded that no clear consensus exists at this time. While the DTPAs may be the choice of chelators for the removal of gadolinium from the human body, further studies are needed to prove this. It seems clear, however, that microcyclic GBCAs provide a lesser risk of causing gadolinium retention and gadolinium toxicity symptoms.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Diagnosis of Disruption of the Posterior Tibial Tendon

Foot & Ankle ◽

10.1177/107110078700800307 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 144-147 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Ian J. Alexander ◽

Kenneth A. Johnson ◽

Thomas H. Berquist

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Soft Tissues ◽

Diagnostic Technique ◽

Clinical Findings ◽

The Body ◽

Posterior Tibial Tendon ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Posterior Tibial ◽

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), a useful technique of studying soft tissues of the body, can be very effective in assessing the integrity of tendons. Usually a patient with a complete tear of the posterior tibial tendon has characteristic physical findings. In the patient presented, MRI demonstrated a complete disruption of the posterior tibial tendon, despite the absence of the commonly associated clinical findings. In view of the difficulties encountered with attempted tenography of the completely torn posterior tibial tendon, MRI provides a sensitive alternative diagnostic technique.

A study of the sensitivity and specificity of the Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) technique used in the diagnosis of endometriosis versus the intraoperative appearance considered the reference standard in the diagnosis of endometriosis

Medicina Moderna - Modern Medicine ◽

10.31689/rmm.2021.28.1.55 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

pp. 55-61

Author(s):

Alexandra RADU ◽

◽

Elvira BRATILA ◽

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Sensitivity And Specificity ◽

Reference Standard ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

First Line ◽

Asymptomatic Women ◽

Bladder Invasion

Endometriosis is a gynecological pathology with chronic symptoms, which negatively affects the patient’s quality of life. The prevalence of endometriosis in asymptomatic women is between 2% and 50%, depending on the populations studied and the method of diagnosis. The severity of the symptoms as well as the probability of diagnosing endometriosis increases with age9. Because endometriosis is a gynecological condition with a nonspecific clinical picture, sometimes even asymptomatic, imaging technology can be considered the first line of diagnosis for this pathology. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) used in the diagnosis of endometriotic lesions depending on their location, and compare the results obtained with the intraoperative appearance considered a reference standard in the diagnosis of endometriosis. Our study revealed the highest specificity for MRI in the case of endometriotic bladder invasion, respectively the highest sensitivity for endometriotic rectal nodules.

Incidental Findings in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Brain Research

The Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics ◽

10.1111/j.1748-720x.2008.00275.x ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. 315-319 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Charles A. Nelson

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Incidental Findings ◽

Brain Research ◽

The Body ◽

7 Tesla ◽

X Rays ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Imaging Tool ◽

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive imaging tool that utilizes a strong magnetic field and radio frequency waves to visualize in great detail organs, soft tissue, and bone. Unlike conventional x-rays (including computed tomography [CT]), there is no exposure to ionizing radiation and at most field strengths (generally below 7 Tesla) the procedure is considered safe for nearly every age group. Because it is non-invasive (i.e., does not break the skin or harm the body) and possesses excellent spatial resolution (down to millimeters), the use of MRI as a research tool has increased exponentially over the past decade. Uses have ranged from add-ons to a clinical study (e.g., after scanning a child who has fallen from a bicycle, the radiologist might do an extra sequence to explore ways of obtaining higher resolution images) to studies of brain development in typically developing children. In addition, a major effort has been made in recent years to use MRI to study brain function (so-called “functional MRI” [fMRI]). Because the clinical utility of fMRI has not yet been realized, fMRI is still considered highly exploratory, and we cannot yet identify incidental findings of a functional (as opposed to structural) nature.

Boron-gadolinium binary system as a magnetic resonance imaging boron carrier

Pure and Applied Chemistry ◽

10.1351/pac200375091343 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 75 (9) ◽

pp. 1343-1348 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Yoshinori Yamamoto

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Binary System ◽

The Body ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

The evaluation of the Gd-carborane DTPA complex as a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and boron carrier agent was carried out in vivo. The MRI revealed that the Gd-carborane DTPA was metabolized slower in the body in comparison with Gd-DTPA.

How is magnetic resonance imaging used in Iran?

International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care ◽

10.1017/s0266462308080598 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 24 (04) ◽

pp. 452-458 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Mohammad Palesh ◽

Sten Fredrikson ◽

Hamidreza Jamshidi ◽

Goran Tomson ◽

Max Petzold

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Low Income ◽

Spinal Column ◽

The Body ◽

Low Income Countries ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Utilization Patterns ◽

Almost All

Objectives:Analysis of and understanding the utilization patterns of diagnostic imaging technologies is important for planning health systems especially in middle- and low-income countries. Almost all published studies have been focused on utilization trends or utilization rates of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) over time and little has been published about utilization patterns of MRI. This study aims to identify and describe the utilization pattern of MRI in Iran.Methods:Data was collected from referrals and MRI reports of the population covered by one of the largest insurance organizations (Social Security Organization [SSO]) with more than 27 million beneficiaries in the Country. We focused on patients who had undergone an MRI examination during 1 month (October 13 to November 12), 2005. The data collected consisted of 1,656 referrals for MR imaging and 1,547 MRI reports.Results:No clear association was found between the number of referrals per 100,000 population and the number of MRI machines per 100,000 population (r = 0.30;p= .13). Neurosurgeons, orthopedists, and neurologists contributed to more than 88 percent of MRI utilization. The Spinal column (55 percent), brain (25.5 percent), and knee (11.0 percent) were the most common parts of the body scanned by MRI.Conclusions:Having identified some of the most frequent users of MRI technology, any plan for modifying or improving MRI use should focus mainly on these specialties. International evidence on using the technology for examining brain and spine indicate that MRI is mainly used in diagnosing the central nervous system (CNS) diseases.

Utilizing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to assess the effects of angling-induced barotrauma on rockfish (Sebastes)

Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences ◽

10.1139/f08-102 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 65 (7) ◽

pp. 1245-1249 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Bonnie L. Rogers ◽

Christopher G. Lowe ◽

Esteban Fernández-Juricic ◽

Lawrence R. Frank

Keyword(s):

Image Segmentation ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

The Body ◽

The Other ◽

Bladder Rupture ◽

Swim Bladder ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

The physical consequences of barotrauma on the economically important rockfish ( Sebastes ) were evaluated with a novel method using T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in combination with image segmentation and analysis. For this pilot study, two fishes were captured on hook-and-line from 100 m, euthanized, and scanned in a 3 Tesla human MRI scanner. Analyses were made on each fish, one exhibiting swim bladder overinflation and exophthalmia and the other showing low to moderate swim bladder overinflation. Air space volumes in the body were quantified using image segmentation techniques that allow definition of individual anatomical regions in the three-dimensional MRIs. The individual exhibiting the most severe signs of barotrauma revealed the first observation of a gas-filled orbital space behind the eyes, which was not observable by gross dissection. Severe exophthalmia resulted in extreme stretching of the optic nerves, which was clearly validated with dissections and not seen in the other individual. Expanding gas from swim bladder overinflation must leak from the swim bladder, rupture the peritoneum, and enter the cranium. This MRI method of evaluating rockfish following rapid decompression is useful for quantifying the magnitude of internal barotrauma associated with decompression and complementing studies on the effects of capture and discard mortality of rockfishes.

Effect of an Insulation Device in Preventing Hypothermia during Magnetic Resonance Imaging Examinations for Dogs and Cats under General Anesthesia

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11082378 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 2378

Author(s):

Eri Onozawa ◽

Daigo Azakami ◽

Seri Seki ◽

Yuji Hamamoto ◽

Katsumi Ishioka

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance ◽

General Anesthesia ◽

Room Temperature ◽

The Body ◽

Body Temperatures ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Control Groups ◽

Before And After ◽

Dogs and cats under general anesthesia may develop hypothermia. When performing a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination, it is not possible to place a magnetic material in the MRI room, and MRI equipment requires a low room temperature. This study investigated the effectiveness of a heat insulating device that prevented hypothermia during MRI examinations in dogs and cats. The animals that underwent MRI examinations under general anesthesia were divided into control groups (no covering) and heat insulating groups (wearing bubble wrap and down cloth blankets), and their body temperatures were measured before and after the MRI examinations. The changes in body temperatures were as follows: control dogs (n = 17), median of −1.0 (from −2.5 to 0.3) °C; heat insulated dogs (n = 7), −0.3 (from −0.8 to 0.2) °C; control cats (n = 14), −1.85 (from −2.7 to −0.6) °C; and heat insulated cats (n = 12), −0.8 (from −1.5 to −0.1) °C. These results revealed that the bubble wrap and down cloth blanket significantly prevented hypothermia and heat loss from the body surface during MRI examinations of dogs and cats.

Applications of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

Nanoscience &Nanotechnology-Asia ◽

10.2174/2210681210999200728102036 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

Author(s):

Pratishtha Kushwaha ◽

Pratima Chauhan

Keyword(s):

Iron Oxide ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Iron Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

The Body ◽

Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Low Contrast ◽

Surface Covering

Abstract: Iron oxide nanoparticles by the help of legitimate surface science have been broadly utilized tentatively in many living organism applications, for example magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), drug delivery, Repair of tissue, immunobiology, hyperthermia, detoxification of natural liquids, differentiate improvement between low contrast and high contrast tissues, and in cell partition and so on. What's more, these applications need exceptional nontoxic and biocompatible surface covering of the attractive particles to permit a targetable conveyance with molecular restriction in a particular territory. The general size of the colloid can be estimated ordinarily of surface covering and their resulting spatial course of action adjacent to the nanoparticles, it additionally assumes a critical job in bio-kinetics and bio-distribution of nanoparticles in the body. The kinds of surface coatings, for this sort of nanoparticles rely upon the kind of application and ought to be picked by remembering a specific application, regardless of whether it is gone for aggravation reaction or anti-cancer agents. In this paper, we examine the manufactured science, liquid adjustment and surface change of iron oxide nanoparticles, just as their utilization for biomedical applications

Medical applications of nuclear magnetic resonance imaging

Quarterly Reviews of Biophysics ◽

10.1017/s0033583500004133 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 19 (3-4) ◽

pp. 221-237 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A. R. Margulis ◽

H. Hricak ◽

L. Crooks

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Respiratory Motion ◽

Western Europe ◽

The United States ◽

The Body ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Diagnostic Modality ◽

In the very short time since magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was born it has gained surprisingly rapid and enthusiastic acceptance and has speedily proliferated, particularly in the United States and Western Europe. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has successfully challenged computed tomography (CT) in all areas of the body where respiratory motion does not degrade the image (Steinberg, 1986). Newer techniques using a multiplicity of approaches are starting to close the gap between CT and MRI, even in the upper abdomen where the effects of respiratory motion are most pronounced. Although MR is already widely clinically applied and is an accepted everyday diagnostic modality in most large medical centres in the United States, it is not a mature modality. It is rapidly evolving, with whole new areas opening to investigation which will vastly broaden its applications.

Chelating Agents and the Regulation of Metal Ions

Metal-Based Drugs ◽

10.1155/mbd.1994.87 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 1 (2-3) ◽

pp. 87-106 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Robert A. Bulman

Keyword(s):

Metal Ion ◽

Chelating Agents ◽

Life Sciences ◽

The Body ◽

Imaging Procedures ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Ion Concentrations ◽

Oxidative Species ◽

Moderate Length

Up to about the early 1980s it was perhaps still possible to summarize in a review of a moderate length the development of the medicinal applications of chelation chemistry and the exploitation of such chemistry in regulating the metal ion concentrations in the body. However, in the last few years there has a great surge in the development of chelation chemistry and its usage in medicine and related areas of life sciences research. It is no longer the case that such a review primarily concentrates upon the use of chelating agents in removing toxic metals from the body but it must now cover the use of chelating agents in the imaging procedures nuclear medicine and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the use of chelating agents in unravelling the biochemistry of reactive oxidative species (ROS) and the control and measurement of intracellular calcium ions. It is in the recent applications that there have been the greatest developments over the last ten years.