scholarly journals Assessment of Some Heavy Metals in Water and Sediments Using Bio-Concentration Method of Al-Ma’ail River in Al-Kahla’a District, Maysan, Southern Iraq

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (1D) ◽  
pp. 82-92
Author(s):  
Ayman Qadoori
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
River Sediments ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Sediment Samples ◽  
Concentration Method ◽  
Tigris River ◽  
Great Pressure

Al-Ma'ail river is one of the small Iraqi rivers, as it extends over a distance of approximately 47 km. Al-Ma'ail river is located next to Halfaya oil field, which is the main source of pollution to Al-Ma’ail river, consequently, the environmental quality of Al-Ma'ail river is under great pressure from a variety of human activities. Although water is commonly used as an indicator of contamination by heavy metals, sediments are considered as water important in assessing the environmental situation. In this study, water and sediment samples were analyzed to assess the pollution status of heavy metals in Al-Ma'ail river, with the aim of determining its ability to sustain aquatic life. Samples were taken from five sites along Al-Ma'ail river between the branch area of Al-Ma'ail river from the Al-Kahla river (which also branches from Tigris River upon its exit from Amara City), until Al-Ma'ail river reaches pond of Umm Al-Na'aj (marshland). Ten Water and five sediment samples were collected in August 2020. Samples were analyzed for eight heavy metals: As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, V, Ni and Zn, using AAS techniques. As for the water samples, all the concentrations were over the standards (except Zn which was within the limits in all samples), While Cu concentration in (samples SW1 to SW7) are within the standards (except SW8 and SW9 are close U.S.EPA and within WHO). Concentrations of heavy metals in sediments were over the limits in all samples. The bio-concentration values of heavy metals were calculated and all metal rates were found within the acceptable range for the U.S. EPA, except for vanadium, which was higher than the permissible limit and was a bio-accumulative and considered as an indicator of oil pollution. The results indicate the presence of long-term contamination of the eight selected heavy metals in the river sediments which may be of concern to the health of the aquatic ecosystem.

scholarly journals Heavy metals Fractionation in Bagmati River Sediments, Nepal

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-128
Author(s):  
Sadhana Pradhanang Kayastha
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
River Sediments ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Chemical Extraction ◽  
Geochemical Background ◽  
Sediment Samples ◽  
Sequential Chemical Extraction ◽  
Bagmati River

The aim of this work was speciation of heavy metals on the level of the geochemical background; in bottom sediments of the Bagmati River in Kathmandu valley. The distribution and accumulation of heavy metals in the sediments of the Bagmati River were investigated. Sediment samples from six locations were collected and characterized for metals content (cadmium, lead, copper and zinc). The determination of extractable heavy metals such as, Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn, in the sediment samples was carried out by atomic absorption spectrometry. The study has been conducted using five steps sequential extraction procedure described by tessier. Apart from total concentration, the distribution of the above metals into five fractions: exchangeable, bound to carbonates, bound to Fe-Mn oxides, bound to organic matter, and residual, was studied by means of an analytical procedure involving sequential chemical extraction. The result obtained showed total metal concentration to be in the range of Cd 0.89-2.29 mg/kg; Pb 57.58-221mg/kg; Cu 52.2 -198.17 mg/kg and 78.23-362.90 mg/kg in all the areas studied. The fractionated toxic metals like Cd, and Pb were observed to be in the range of 15-36%, and 11- 29%, respectively, in mobile or bio-available fractions of sediments. This potentially mobile fraction could pose a serious threat, with respect to contamination of waterways and aquatic environment.Journal of Hydrology and Meteorology, Vol. 9(1) 2015, p.119-128

scholarly journals Investigation of genotoxicity in river sediments

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oľga Šestinová ◽  
Lenka Findoráková ◽  
Jozef Hančuľák ◽  
Tomislav Špaldon
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
River Sediments ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Water Reservoir ◽  
Toxicity Testing ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Testing Procedure ◽  
Genotoxic Effect ◽  
Solid Samples

Abstract The purpose of the present study was to develop a useful screening method to assess genotoxic effect of polluted bottom sediments from the water reservoir Ružin No.I. The Hornád and Hnilec Rivers drained a former mining area, have been polluted in the long-term by heavy metals (Cu, As, Sb, Hg), which significantly contributed to environmental degradation. Genotoxicity of bottom sediment was evaluated by test SOS-ChromoPadTM 3.0 for solid samples without extraction. The mentioned test represents simple, quick and direct sediment phase toxicity testing procedure. In this test bacterial strain Escherichia coli K12 PQ37 was used. The results of SOS-ChromoPadTM 3.0 showed that sample Hornád has low potential genotoxic effect on the environment. It was determined on the basis of slight blue colouration of chromogenic paper at the point of sediment application. The sample Hnilec was negative. This test allows significantly reduce the time for obtaining information about sediments genotoxicity and accept necessary security proceeding in time.

A Study on the Ecological Risk of Polluted River Sediments in Rural Area

2012 ◽  
Vol 610-613 ◽  
pp. 634-641
Author(s):  
Lei Chao ◽  
Su Chen ◽  
Xian Ming Lang ◽  
Cheng Hu
Keyword(s):  
Root Elongation ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
River Sediments ◽  
Lethal Effect ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Polluted River ◽  
Sediment Samples ◽  
Hazard Levels ◽  
Dredging Sediments

In order to fully understand the heavy metal and mineral oil in sediments of Tiaozi River and their potential ecological hazard levels, sediment samples at upper reaches, middle reaches and lower reaches of Tiaozi River are collected. Various heavy metals, such as Cu, Pb, Cd, Cr, and mineral oil are tested, and the toxicological analysis of sediments at various sampling points is conducted. Results show that all sediments have pollutants accumulated. Content of mineral oil is 2400-4900mg•kg-1, content of Cu is 16.84-56.06 mg•kg-1, content of Pb is 9.72-19.93mg•kg-1, content of Cd is 0.32-1.05 mg•kg-1, and content of Cr is 27.35-57.95 mg•kg-1. Sediments have varying growth inhibitions or stimulatory effects on higher plants, and acute lethal effect on earthworms. Root elongation inhibition ratio of seed germination is -9.52 %～19.05 %, 14 d maximum mortality of earthworms is 55 %. In general, the long term water pollution has led to accumulation of river sediments and strong eco-toxicity, and farm-oriented channel dredging sediments have toxic hazards on soil – plant ecosystem.

ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS OF RIVER SEDIMENTS BY PIXE AND PIGE

1999 ◽  
Vol 09 (03n04) ◽  
pp. 407-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. JOHN KENNEDY ◽  
A. AUGUSTHY ◽  
K. M. VARIER ◽  
P. MAGUDAPATHY ◽  
S. PANCHAPAKESAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
River Sediments ◽  
Average Composition ◽  
Sediment Samples ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Industrial Sites ◽  
Elemental Concentrations ◽  
A Site ◽  
International River ◽  
Pelletron Accelerator

The Chaliyar river, located in Kerala, India has shown preoccupying pollution levels, that constitute a threat to public health and the ecological system. PIXE and PIGE techniques have been employed to measure the elemental concentrations in the river sediment samples. Thick targets were prepared out of the sediment samples collected from various sites along the course of the river. The measurements were carried out using 3 MeV proton beam obtained from 3 MV Tandem pelletron accelerator at Institute of Physics, Bhubaneswar. The elemental concentrations, especially that of heavy metals, at different sites are discussed in detail. Our results show that sediments from a site where the industrial activities are high are significantly high in concentrations of heavy metals ( Cr , Ni , Cu , Zn , Hg and Pb ) than those collected from non-industrial sites. The measured values are compared with the average composition of unpolluted river sediments and other national and international river sediments.

Investigation of Soil Contamination in Jianghan Oilfield

2013 ◽  
Vol 726-731 ◽  
pp. 1500-1503
Author(s):  
Xi He ◽  
Wen Wen Liu ◽  
Gui Lai Xu ◽  
Hui Liu ◽  
Min Jing Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbon ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Oil Wells ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Oil Well ◽  
Soil Resource ◽  
Oil Exploitation ◽  
Standard Values ◽  
And Control

There are several hundred of abandoned oil wells in Jianghan oil field now. They were mainly started to be used in 70-80`s of last century, and mainly closed around 2000. After closure, the soil around the oil wells left uncultivated because of oil pollution, which caused serious waste of soil resource. In the present paper, 135 soil samples were collected from 15 oil well areas. Salinity, pH, petroleum hydrocarbon, heavy metals and some other elements were analyzed. According to the investigation, the soil of Jianghan oilfield showed high salinity, and tended to alkali. Petroleum hydrocarbon is dotted distribution, and some sites showed extremely high content as 24.67%. Some elements containing some heavy metals in Jianghan oilfield exceeded standard values and control samples, which may also be caused by oil exploitation.

scholarly journals Distribution of some heavy metals in the sediments of Tigris river from sewage of Thermal Electrical Station at Baiji City in Salah-aldin Governorate-Iraq

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Hiba Abd albast Hashim Alshaeghli1 ◽  
Riadh Abas Abdul Jabar ◽  
Hussain Hassan Kharnoob2
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Sequential Extraction ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Metal Layer ◽  
River Sediments ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Organic Layer ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Tigris River ◽  
The Impact

This study was conducted to determine four  heavy metals including copper, zinc, lead and cadmium in the sediments of the Tigris river for a distance of 3,500 km for the time period autumn2012 – summer 2013.This is the first time that such a study carried out by the river sediments so studies on the Tigris river about sequential extraction to compare them with the results of the research not available, total concentrations recorded of  Cu )11.23-12.1)µg/g, Zn (39.6-41.03) µg/g, Pb (115.82-117.34) µg/g,Cd (4.1-4.34) µg/g dry weight, the distribution in the sediment layers, exchangeable metal ion recorded of Cu (0.42-0.44) µg/g, Zn (0.32-0.33) µg/g, Pb (0.22-0.25) µg/g, Cd (0.15-0.17) µg/g dry weight, and layer of carbonate bound of Cu( 1.6-1.63) µg/g ,Zn (4.47-6.71) µg/g, Pb (0.2-0.22) µg/g , Cd (1.44-2.17) µg/g dry weight, and the metal layer of Cu (1.26-1.41) µg/g, Zn  (15.84-17.07) µg/g, Pb  (46.38-49.46) µg/g, Cd  (1.9-2.17) µg/g dry weight, concentration of organic layer Cu (7.85-8.67) µg/g, Zn (17.63-17.96) µg/g, Pb (68.57-67.48) µg/g, Cd (0.58-0.86) µg/g dry weight. The arrangement of total concentration Pb>Zn>Cu>Cd (4,42-12,09-41,69-116,88) µg/g dry weight. Distribution of Cu organic layer> carbonate bound> metal layer> exchangeable metal ion (8,41-1,78-1.52-0.35) µg/g dry weight, Zn metal layer> organic layer> carbonate bound> exchangeable metal ion (18.99-17,58-5.52-0.29) µg/g dry weight, Pb organic layer>metal layer> exchangeable metal ion> carbonate bound (66.42-49.81-0.22-0.2) µg/g dry weight, Cd metal layer> carbonate bound> organic layer> exchangeable metal ion (2.02-1.87-0.91-0.18) µg/g dry weight .The high concentration recorded in four station, these results indicated that the possibility of using sequential extraction for the detection of the distribution of metals and determine the impact of diversity through release them to the aquatic environment, all concentration mentioned are rate they aren’t single value.   http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjps.25.2020.010

scholarly journals STUDIES ON DISTRIBUTION AND FRACTIONATION OF HEAVY METALS IN SEDIMENT OF CAU RIVER, VIETNAM

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (2A) ◽  
pp. 293
Author(s):  
Van Dieu Anh
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Organic Compound ◽  
Social Development ◽  
River Sediments ◽  
Metal Species ◽  
Soluble Form ◽  
Sediment Samples ◽  
Mn Oxide ◽  
Water And Sediment ◽  
Water And Sediment Samples

Cau River, one of the major rivers of Thai Binh River Systems, has been under pressure from discharge from the economic and social development activities of the region. Water and sediment samples will be collected along Cau River to determine the spatial variability of metal in Cau River. Sediments collected from Cau River were extracted sequentially to investigate the distribution and fractionation of metal in Cau River. Results showed that the presence of certain metals in water and sediment with the concentrations ranged in a wide variation. In water Cu (58-181 μg/L), Pb (0.6-1.85 μg/L), Zn (18.1-32.5 μg/L), Cd (0-0.02 μg/L), Ni (3.04-4.41 μg/L), Cr (2.72-5.07 μg/L); in sediment Cu (27.6-401 mg/kg), Pb (0-282 mg/kg), Zn (3.9-71.9 mg/kg), Cd (0.01-2.44 mg/kg), Ni (2.24-5.89 mg/kg), Cr (4.08-11.5 mg/kg). Sequential extraction for study the distribution of metal species in sediment showed that metal mainly concentrated immobile form of residues fraction, organic compound bound fraction and Fe-Mn oxide associated fraction. This dominant existence of metal result in the tendency of metal assimilation in sediment and low bioavailability. However, some toxic metals such as Cd, Cr found moderated soluble form must be studied more for their release to water phase and and bioaccumulation.

scholarly journals Benthic foraminifera distribution in high polluted sediments from Niterói Harbor (Guanabara Bay), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

2004 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia G. Vilela ◽  
Daniele S. Batista ◽  
José A. Batista-Neto ◽  
Mirian Crapez ◽  
John J. Mcallister
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Benthic Foraminifera ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Guanabara Bay ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Low Concentrations

Dockyards and harbors are recognized as being important locations where sediment-associated pollutants can accumulate, which constitutes an environmental risk to aquatic life due to potential uptake and accumulation of heavy metals in the biota. The aim of this paper is to assess the concentrations and the effects of some heavy metals in the benthic foraminifera assemblage in Niterói Harbor. Low concentrations in the benthic foraminifera as well as the dominance of indicative species such as Ammonia tepida, Buliminella elegantissima and Bolivina lowmani can be associated with an environment under stress. In addition, the occurrence of test abnormalities among foraminifera may represent a useful biomarker for evaluating long-term environmental impacts in a coastal region.

scholarly journals Long-term effect of water diversion and CSOs on the remediation of heavy metals and microbial community in river sediments

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (12) ◽  
pp. 2395-2406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Wu ◽  
Zuxin Xu ◽  
Huaizheng Li ◽  
Peng Li ◽  
Mei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
River Sediments ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Illumina Miseq ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Analysis ◽  
Water Diversion ◽  
Combined Sewer Overflows ◽  
Inland River

Abstract Untreated combined sewer overflows (CSOs) cause serious water pollution problems. In this study, the effects of CSO-induced heavy metals and the remediation practice of installation of a long-term water diversion (LTWD) on the microbial environment in river sediments were analyzed in an inland river. The Zn, Cd, Cr, and Cu contents in sediments and water were analyzed. DNA extraction and polymerase chain reaction analysis were conducted based on the Illumina MiSeq platform. The results showed that CSOs have a significant adverse impact on the diversity of microbial populations in river sediments. The LTWD is helpful in improving the richness of microorganisms and the proportion of Gram −ves, but it is challenging to reduce the accumulation of heavy metals in the sediment. The correlation analysis shows a strong relationship between some metabolic pathways and Zn and Cd accumulation in river sediments. Some detoxification compound metabolisms are also promoted at these sites. Thus, chronic exposure to environmental heavy metals from CSOs decreases the river microbial community, and further affects the ecological environment of the river. Therefore, without eliminating CSOs or reducing overflow frequency, it is difficult to alleviate the accumulation of heavy metals in river sediments and improve river ecology via water diversion alone.

Oil pollution and fisheries

1982 ◽  
Vol 297 (1087) ◽  
pp. 401-411 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
Local Impacts ◽  
Reduced Water ◽  
Long Term Adverse Effects

The term ‘pollution’ is taken in its broadest sense and effects are recognized to be due to interference, tainting and toxicity. Each of these types of impact is discussed and assessed. It is concluded that no long-term adverse effects on fish stocks can be attributed to oil but that local impacts can be extremely damaging in the short term and that produce from specific localities can be tainted and unmarketable for long periods. In some coastal areas oil can be one among several contributors to reduced water quality, and the implications of this are discussed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document