scholarly journals Professional Action Sport Athletes’ Experiences with and Attitudes Toward Concussion: A Phenomenological Study

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Faure ◽  
John Fitzpatrick
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Phenomenological Study ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Personal History ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
History Of ◽  
Personal Accounts ◽  
Intrinsic And Extrinsic Factors

This study examined the lived experiences and subsequent attitudes of freestyle BMX and motocross athletes relative to suffering concussions. Eleven professional athletes were interviewed using a semi-structured protocol. All cited a significant personal history with concussion and those personal accounts, along with their observations of others who experienced similar head injuries, shaped the athletes’ attitudes towards concussion. Both intrinsic and extrinsic factors contributed to each athlete’s acceptance of concussion risk inherent in their respective sport. Generally, athletes accepted concussion risk as part of their sport, but were largely unfamiliar with what concussion was and what long-term effects could result from a history of concussion. Additionally, athletes knew of no concussion protocols or guidelines in their sport and cited an overall lack of organized medical care accessible to them on an ongoing basis, as is the case with mainstream sports.

LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF OTITIS MEDIA A TEN-YEAR COHORT STUDY OF ALASKAN ESKIMO CHILDREN

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 577-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary J. Kaplan ◽  
J. Kenneth Fleshman ◽  
Thomas R. Bender ◽  
Carol Baum ◽  
Paul S. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Verbal Ability ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Conductive Component ◽  
Verbal Development

Histories of ear disease, otoscopic examinations, and audiologic, intelligence, and achievement tests were obtained from a cohort of 489 Alaskan Eskimo children who have been followed through the first ten years of life. Seventy-six per cent had experienced one or more episodes of otitis media since birth. Of these, 78% had their first attack during their first two years of life. Perforations and scars were present in 41%. A hearing loss of 26 decibels or greater was present in 16%, and an additional 25% were in the normal range but had a measurable air-bone gap. Children with a history of otitis media prior to 2 years of age and a hearing loss of 26 decibels or greater had a statistically significant loss of verbal ability and were behind in total reading, total math, and language. In addition, children who had an early onset of otitis media but now had normal hearing with a conductive component were also adversely affected in verbal areas. The number of otitis media episodes was related to tympanic membrane abnormalities, hearing loss, and low verbal and achievement scores. These findings indicate that otitis media has been a significant cause of morbidity in Alaskan Eskimo children, and its onset during the critical years of language development as well as the number of episodes play an important role in impairing verbal development.

scholarly journals A Qualitative Study of Youth Football Coaches’ Perception of Concussion Safety in American Youth Football and Their Experiences With Implementing Tackling Interventions

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Kelly Sarmiento ◽  
Dana Waltzman ◽  
Kelley Borradaile ◽  
Andrew Hurwitz ◽  
Kara Conroy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head Injuries ◽  
Young Age ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Head Impacts ◽  
Football Coaches ◽  
Youth Athletes ◽  
Risks And Benefits ◽  
Youth Football ◽  
Tackle Football

Due in part to concern about the potential long-term effects of concussion and repetitive head injuries in football, some programs have implemented tackling interventions. This paper explores youth football coaches’ perception of football safety and their experiences implementing these interventions aimed at athlete safety. Using a qualitative approach, coaches were interviewed by means of a semi-structured protocol that covered: (a) demographics; (b) background and experiences with contact sports; (c) perceived concussion risks and benefits of youth football; (d) experiences with tackling technique; (e) experiences with mouth guard sensors; and (f) personal sources of training related to football safety. Most coaches felt that learning tackling at a young age helped prepare them for their playing later in life and believed that youth should begin playing tackle football at a young age. Coaches were mixed regarding their concerns about the risk for concussion and subconcussive head impacts. Still, most were receptive to changes in rules and policies aimed at making football safer. Findings from this study demonstrate that youth football coaches are important stakeholders to consider when implementing changes to youth football. Understanding coach perceptions and experiences may inform future efforts aimed to educate coaches on rules and policies to make the game safer for youth athletes.

The Fragile State

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 704-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Pollock
Keyword(s):  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Recent Book ◽  
Ecological State ◽  
Substantial Portion ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
Early States ◽  
History Of ◽  
Human Use

In his most recent book, James Scott presents us with a ‘deep history’ of the alluvial lowlands of Mesopotamia, from early domestications in the Neolithic to the emergence and consolidation of early states. Although the focus lies on Mesopotamia in these periods, Scott delves into the beginnings of the human use of fire in the Palaeolithic and draws on comparative developments in Southeast Asia, Egypt, Greece, Rome and elsewhere. He poses large questions: Why did people move into densely packed villages—‘Neolithic multispecies resettlement camps’—accompanied by the plants and animals they domesticated, but also by an exponentially increased disease load and a substantial portion of drudgery? Why did states emerge when they did, despite the fact that the main ecological and demographic conditions were present millennia earlier? What accounts for the fragility of these early states, and why do our standard histories obscure that fact? Guiding themes are ecological and demographic, but also draw explicit attention to the unintended consequences of human actions. Indeed, reflections on the Anthropocene underpin the book's arguments, and, like many others who write on this topic, Scott is motivated by deep-seated concerns about the sorry ecological state of our contemporary world and connections to long-term effects of human activity.

scholarly journals Mitigating the Consequences of Subconcussive Head Injuries

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 387-407
Author(s):  
Eric A. Nauman ◽  
Thomas M. Talavage ◽  
Paul S. Auerbach
Keyword(s):  
Head Injury ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Tissue Level ◽  
Clinical Neurology ◽  
Subconcussive Injury ◽  
History Of ◽  
Tissue Alteration ◽  
The Brain

Subconcussive head injury represents a pathophysiology that spans the expertise of both clinical neurology and biomechanical engineering. From both viewpoints, the terms injury and damage, presented without qualifiers, are synonymously taken to mean a tissue alteration that may be recoverable. For clinicians, concussion is evolving from a purely clinical diagnosis to one that requires objective measurement, to be achieved by biomedical engineers. Subconcussive injury is defined as subclinical pathophysiology in which underlying cellular- or tissue-level damage (here, to the brain) is not severe enough to present readily observable symptoms. Our concern is not whether an individual has a (clinically diagnosed) concussion, but rather, how much accumulative damage an individual can tolerate before they will experience long-term deficit(s) in neurological health. This concern leads us to look for the history of damage-inducing events, while evaluating multiple approaches for avoiding injury through reduction or prevention of the associated mechanically induced damage.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Concussion in Quidditch

Neurology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 93 (14 Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. S21.1-S21
Author(s):  
Michael Pepper ◽  
Jeff Wayland ◽  
Adam Elwood ◽  
Spencer Walser ◽  
Vi Tran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head Injury ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Return To Play ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Basic Care ◽  
Significant Burden ◽  
Traditional Sports ◽  
Repetitive Injury

ObjectiveThe aim of our study is to assess the rate of concussion occurring while engaging in nontraditional sports such as Quidditch, and the effects that injury during a novelty sport may have on concussion detection when compared to more traditional sports.BackgroundConcussions, once dismissed as nonconsequential, are rapidly attracting notice for acute and long-term health effects. Rates of recovery with repeated trauma is known to decrease with each occurrence. In novelty sports, regulation of concussions and proper return-to-play(RTP) protocol are not routinely enforced, resulting in repetitive injury to the detriment of players.Design/MethodsIRB approval was obtained prior to survey distribution to all players associated with Major League Quidditch (MLQ). Responses were recorded and analyzed.Results157 responses were received. 63% were male and 37% female with mean age 22.9. 146 (93%) respondents confirmed or denied quidditch-related head injury. 22 (15%) denied head injury and 124 (85%) indicated hitting their heads while participating in the sport. 19% of respondents indicated >10 head injuries. 67 (54%) reported suspected concussion with an additional 41 (33%) reporting formal diagnosis with at least one concussion. EMS reported 18 injuries at MLQ matches. 5 (27.8%) were preliminarily diagnosed with concussion. 3 had no further treatment, 1 RTP and 1 received basic care. 0 recieved formal neurologic evaluation. Players were also asked about head injuries sustained in non-quidditch activities for comparison. 43 (27%) reported having medically diagnosed concussions outside of quidditch. 53 (34%) reported at least one suspected concussion without formal diagnosis. 24 (15%) answered maybe.ConclusionsOur data supports that concussion is a significant burden in novelty sports such as quidditch. It is vital to recognize that with the rise of nontraditional sports, the prevalence of concussions in younger nontraditional athletes may be underreported and that concussion specialists must be cognizant of both traditional and novelty sports when evaluating long term effects of head trauma.

scholarly journals Management of asymptomatic silicone-injected breast with reduction mammoplasty

2015 ◽  
Vol 48 (03) ◽  
pp. 317-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theddeus Octavianus Hari Prasetyono ◽  
Patricia Marcellina Sadikin
Keyword(s):  
Breast Reduction ◽  
Reduction Mammoplasty ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Breast Ptosis ◽  
Silicone Injection ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients ◽  
Liquid Silicone ◽  
History Of ◽  
Silicone Injections

ABSTRACTEven though Silicone injection for breast augmentation has been related to disastrous long-term effects and complications, some patients do not develop significant symptoms at all (asymptomatic). Unfortunately, the management of asymptomatic Silicone-injected breast is still unclear and has never been reported exclusively. We present two cases of asymptomatic patients with a history of liquid Silicone injections who refused to have a mastectomy. They were concerned with the breast ptosis and chose to undergo reduction mammoplasty to improve the appearance of the breasts. Magnetic resonance imaging may be useful as an additional screening tool to confirm the diagnosis and exclude the presence of malignancy in breasts with injected Silicone. We believe that breast reduction may be the alternative option for women with a history of liquid Silicone injection who have no symptoms but desire to preserve their breasts and improve their aesthetics.

scholarly journals Long-term effects of first degree family history of breast cancer in young women: Recurrences and bilateral breast cancer

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 449-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan J. Jobsen ◽  
Job van der Palen ◽  
Mariël Brinkhuis ◽  
Francisca Ong ◽  
Henk Struikmans
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Family History ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Bilateral Breast Cancer ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
History Of

Long-term effects of rasagiline and the natural history of treated Parkinson's disease

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (10) ◽  
pp. 1489-1496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Rascol ◽  
Robert A. Hauser ◽  
Fabrizio Stocchi ◽  
Cheryl J. Fitzer-Attas ◽  
Yulia Sidi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
History Of

Graves’ Hyperthyroidism-Induced Psychosis Treated With Aripiprazole—A Case Report

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Livia R. Macedo ◽  
Jehan Marino ◽  
Brady Bradshaw ◽  
Joseph Henry
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Graves Disease ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Free T4 ◽  
History Of ◽  
Antithyroid Peroxidase Antibody ◽  
First Time

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune syndrome with symptoms such as tachycardia, atrial fibrillation, and psychiatric symptoms. Limited evidence exists for the treatment of Graves’ hyperthyroidism-induced psychosis with atypical antipsychotics. A 47-year-old female with a psychiatric history of bipolar disorder presented for the first time to the psychiatric hospital. She was agitated and grossly psychotic with delusions. Electrocardiogram showed atrial fibrillation and tachycardia. Drug screen urinalysis was negative. Endocrine workup resulted in a diagnosis of Graves’ disease (thyroid-stimulating hormone [TSH]: 0.005 μIU/mL, triiodothyronine [T3]: 537 ng/dL, thyroxine [T4]: 24 mcg/dL, free T4: 4.5 ng/dL, positive antithyroid peroxidase antibody, and antinuclear antibody). Aripiprazole 10 mg daily was initiated and titrated to 15 mg daily on day 4. On day 16, her suspicious behavior, judgment, and insight improved. Other medications given included aspirin 325 mg daily, metoprolol 25 mg twice daily, titrated to 12.5 mg twice daily, and methimazole 30 mg daily, titrated to 20 mg twice daily, and discontinued on day 29. The patient received radioiodine I-131 treatment 1 week later. We report the first known case on the use of aripriprazole to treat Graves’ hyperthyroidism-induced psychosis. Further studies examining the long-term effects and appropriate dose and duration of aripiprazole in this patient population are needed.

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