scholarly journals Advancements in Protein based Nano Particulate system for treatment of Pulmonary Infections- A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-34
Author(s):  
Praveen Tahilani ◽  
D P Chatterjee
Keyword(s):  
Size Range ◽  
Potato Starch ◽  
Great Part ◽  
Alveolar Epithelium ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Cell Uptake ◽  
Carrier System ◽  
Aerodynamic Properties ◽  
Fast Dissolution ◽  
Proteins And Peptides

In addition to the so-called small molecule drugs, proteins and peptides are of increasing interest forpharmacotherapy, due to several advantageous properties. In general, those compounds are administered parenterally. However, non-invasive routes of administration represent a great part of research. Amongst others is the pulmonary application of proteins and peptides for local delivery in the case of pulmonary diseases, such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, where the alveolar epithelium is affected. To ensure an intracellular delivery, nano particles in a size range of 150 nm will be prepared via charge-mediated coacervation, characterized for their physicochemical properties and loaded with several model-proteins. The material used for nano particle preparation was chosen to be positively and negatively charged starch derivatives, which were synthesized from potato starch. Although nano particles in that size range are known to show an increased cell uptake, they do not show a high deposition in the deep lung. Thus, an advanced carrier system consisting of a fast dissolving micro particle matrix with embedded starch nano particles will be developed and characterized. Due to its aerodynamic properties, that carrier system must be able to deposit a high fraction of the applied dose in the deep lung (~50%), while at the same time demonstrating (in in vitro models) the ability to facilitate uptake of starch nano particles into cells of the alveolar epithelium after fast dissolution of the micro particle matrix.

Phagocytosis of pulmonary deposited particles by Type 1 alveolar epithelium

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 922-923
Author(s):  
C. L. Sanders ◽  
K. E. McDonald ◽  
R. R. Adee ◽  
K. E. Lauhala
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Size Range ◽  
Intratracheal Instillation ◽  
Alveolar Epithelium ◽  
Electron Microscopic Examination ◽  
Type I ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Particle Size Range ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Air Space

The role of the alveolar epithelium in removal of deposited particles from the alveolar air space has not been well defined. Type II cells, although in close proximity to particles, do not participate in the phagocytosis of particles. How ever, a variety of alveolarly deposited particulates are phagocytized by type I cells. The rapid and efficient phagocytosis of particles in the air space by macrophages minimizes particle entry into more fixed tissues of the lung.Female, Wistar, young adult rats were given a single intratracheal instillation of either 25 mg iron oxide with a particle size range of 0.3-1.1 micron or 3 mg latex beads with a particle size range of 0.3-0.6 micron, suspended in 1.0 ml 0.9% NaCl solution. Groups of 2-3 rats were killed by halothane overexposure at 5-180 minutes after instillation. The lungs were fixed in situ with McDowellTrumps. Lung tissue was embedded in plastic and stained-with uranyl acetate and lead citrate for electron microscopic examination.

Thermal Conductivity of Nanofluids

2013 ◽  
Vol 757 ◽  
pp. 111-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit Sobti ◽  
R.K. Wanchoo
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Base Fluid ◽  
Size Range ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Research Groups ◽  
Single Model ◽  
Nano Fluid ◽  
Enhanced Thermal Conductivity

Enhanced thermal conductivity of nanofluids compared to that of the base fluid has received attention of many researchers in the last one decade. Experimental data on thermal conductivity of nanofluids using varied nanoparticles in the size range 10-100 nm have been reported. However, there is lot of variance in the data and needs critical analysis. Many models have been proposed by various research groups for predicting the thermal conductivity of nanofluids. Due to complexity of various parameters involved (size, % volume fraction, specific surface area and the type of nano particles, pH of nano fluid, thermal conductivity and viscosity of base fluid) no single model can be used for predicting the thermal conductivity of nanofluids. Inconsistent and conflicting results are reported on the enhanced thermal conductivity of nanofluids. Further, insufficient understanding and inconclusive mechanism behind enhanced thermal conductivity requires further attempt to work in this field. This article critically reviews the available literature on thermal conductivity of nanofluids.

scholarly journals Humidity effects on the detection of soluble and insoluble nanoparticles in butanol operated condensation particle counters

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Tauber ◽  
Sophia Brilke ◽  
Peter Josef Wlasits ◽  
Paulus Salomon Bauer ◽  
Gerald Köberl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Size Range ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Expansion Chamber ◽  
Aerosol Composition ◽  
Humidity Dependence ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Activation Probability

Abstract. In this study the impact of humidity on heterogeneous nucleation of n-butanol onto hygroscopic and nonabsorbent particles was investigated using a fast expansion chamber and commercial continuous flow type condensation particle counters (CPCs). More specifically, we measured the activation probability of sodium chloride (NaCl) and silver (Ag) nano-particles by using n-butanol as condensing liquid with the size analyzing nuclei counter (SANC). In addition, the cut-off diameter of regular butanol based CPCs for both seed materials was measured and compared to SANC results. Our findings reveal a strong humidity dependence of NaCl particles in the sub-10 nm size range since the activation of sodium chloride seeds is enhanced with increasing relative humidity. For Ag seeds this humidity dependence was not observed, underlining the importance of molecular interactions between seed and vapor molecules. Consequently, the cut-off diameter of a butanol based CPC can be reduced significantly by increasing the relative humidity. This finding suggests that cut-off diameters of butanol CPCs under ambient conditions are likely smaller than corresponding cut-off diameters measured under clean (dry) laboratory conditions. At the same time, we caution that the humidity dependence may lead to wrong interpretations if the aerosol composition is not known.

Fluidization Behavior of Alumina Nano-Particles

2011 ◽  
Vol 110-116 ◽  
pp. 1833-1840 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanuja Vaidya
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Size Range ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Alumina Powder ◽  
Particle Size Range ◽  
Bubbling Fluidized Bed ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Scanning Electron

The experimental study is conducted to determine the fluidization behavior and heat transfer variations across the bed in the bubbling fluidized bed having very fine particles. The powder is analyzed using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Mastersizer analyzer. The bubbling fluidized bed set-up was designed, developed and installed for the hydrodynamic and heat transfer studies. From the experiments, it is found that the alumina powder with particle size range of 200nm to 10μm has agglomerate bubbling fluidized bed (ABF).

Preparation and Photocatalytic Property of SO42-/TiO2, SO42-/Fe2O3 Nano-Particles

2017 ◽  
Vol 896 ◽  
pp. 13-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Meng Lv ◽  
Ying Jia ◽  
Zhi Yong Huang ◽  
Qi Long Han ◽  
Shu Juan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Size Range ◽  
Photocatalytic Property ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Particle Size Range ◽  
Uniform Size ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Unsymmetrical Dimethylhydrazine ◽  
Energy Disperse Spectroscopy

SO42-/TiO2, SO42-/Fe2O3 nanoparticles were prepared by the impregnation precipitation method. The X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy disperse spectroscopy (EDS) results showed that the uniform size of SO42-/TiO2, SO42-/Fe2O3 nanoparticles with high purity, good dispersivity and particle size range from 50nm to 200nm. A comparative study between SO42-/TiO2 and SO42-/Fe2O3 nanoparticles applied in the photocatalytic experiment on unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH) wastewater was carried out.

Preparation and Characterization of Pentoxyverine Citrate Micro-Nano Particle Aggregations

2017 ◽  
Vol 753 ◽  
pp. 277-281
Author(s):  
Bo Chen ◽  
Hui Tang ◽  
Yong Peng Huang ◽  
Jian Lan Jiao ◽  
Chuan Pin Zou
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Rate ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Particle Size Distributions ◽  
Preparation Conditions ◽  
Liquid Feeding ◽  
Aerodynamic Properties ◽  
Tap Density ◽  
Spray Freeze Drying ◽  
Mass Median

Micro-nano drug particle aggregations were prepared by shearing emulsification, high pressure homogenization and spray freeze drying, particle formational process and optimization of preparation conditions were analyzed, and micro-morphologies, particle size distributions, aerodynamic properties, release performances, inhalation and deposition properties were characterized. Results show that the optimum condition is drug supersaturation 2 and liquid feeding rate 800 mL/h. Micro morphologies of aggregations are porous spherical foamy structure formed by flaky micro-nano particles. The aggregations obtain both of the advantages of low density and large porous particles and micro-nano superficial particles. Tap density is only 0.062 g mL-1, mass median aerodynamic diameter is 0.93μm, aerosol availability is 59.8%, fine particle fraction is 15.80%, and more than 99% drugs dissolve within 5 min. All above properties are effective for drug delivery and release of DPI.

Photocatalytic Properties of Ag Surface Doped Nanocrystalline TiO2-SiO2 Composite Films

2012 ◽  
Vol 532-533 ◽  
pp. 153-156
Author(s):  
Ling Xiao Guan ◽  
Nan Zhao ◽  
Ming Ming Yao
Keyword(s):  
Photocatalytic Activity ◽  
Composite Film ◽  
Silver Nitrate ◽  
Size Range ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Composite Films ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Tetrabutyl Titanate ◽  
Gel Method ◽  
Excellent Photocatalytic Activity

Ag surface doped TiO2-SiO2 composite films had been synthesized by the sol-gel method and doping processes, in which tetrabutyl titanate (Ti(OC4H9)4) and tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) were chosen as the precursors and silver nitrate (AgNO3) was chosen as silver source. The experimental results revealed that the Ag surface doped TiO2-SiO2 composite film was composed of uniform round-like nano-particles or aggregates with the size range of 4–10 nm. Compared with pure TiO2 film, Ag surface doped TiO2-SiO2 composite film exhibited excellent photocatalytic activity. It is believed that the microstructure of the composite film is responsible for improving the photocatalytic activity.

Study of Interaction Energy Between Nanoparticles and Cell Membrane

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingxue Guan ◽  
Aili Zhang ◽  
Lisa X. Xu
Keyword(s):  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Interaction Energy ◽  
Active Transport ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Thermodynamic Simulation ◽  
Marker Gene ◽  
Phase Field Model ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Cell Uptake ◽  
Concentration Difference

Applications of nanoparticles in the bio-medical field like nano-medicine, molecular imaging probes, fluorescence marker, gene carriers, are developing quickly owing to the unique characteristics of nanoparticles. Among these applications, the interaction of nano-particles with the living cells is of critical importance. The complex chemical properties and biological activities of the particles bring about undesirable cytotoxic potentials and special cell internalization. According to previous studies, the cell uptake kinetics of nanoparticles mainly depend on the concentration difference between extracellular and intracellular nanoparticles, the surface electric charge of the nanoparticle, and the active transport of the cell. For example, Ginzburg’s thermodynamic simulation and Park’s three-dimensional phase-field model quantitatively explain the transitions in membrane morphology after exposure to nanoparticles with different surface charge, respectively. However, recent studies have shown that the gold nanoparticles coated with hydrophilic and hydrophobic functional groups with the same concentration but in different orders, completely exhibit quite different intrusion ability at 4°C when the active transport of the cell is greatly inhibited. The results suggest that the interaction energy of nanoparticles and cell membranes may be another driving force for the nanopartcles’ mass transfer across the cell membrane. Thus, in this paper, the interaction energy of the differently coated nanoparticles (P) with cell membrane (M) in water (W) is studied theoretically and results are used to explain the former experimental findings.

scholarly journals Geranium wallichianum Leaf Extract Mediated Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles: Characterization and its Antimicrobial Activity

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 1128-1132
Author(s):  
P.P. Badoni ◽  
Goutam Kumar ◽  
Mahender Singh ◽  
Navneet Singh ◽  
Arun K. Khajuria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Size Range ◽  
Nitrate Solution ◽  
Silver Nitrate Solution ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Cubic Phase ◽  
Absorption Bands

In present study, the Geranium wallichianum leaf extract (aqueous) and 1 mM silver nitrate solution (aqueous) were amalgamated to synthesize silver particles within the nanometer range. Initial colour changes and surface-plasmon-resonance (SPR) absorbance band observed in UV-visible spectroscopic study gave support to configuration of silver nano-particles. Silver nanoparticles were characterized by XRD, TEM and FTIR spectroscopy. Then antimicrobial (antibacterial and antifungal) activities of silver nanoparticles against selected microbial strains were studied by well diffusion method. During this work, silver SPR absorption bands between 405-425 nm range were shown by Geranium wallichianum leaf extract mediated synthesized silver nanoparticles sample solutions at different intervals. X-ray diffraction pattern displayed the formation of face centred cubic phase silver nano-structures. TEM measurements confirmed that silver nanoparticles are spherically shaped and maximum particles in 9-16 nm size range having average diameter 12.5 nm. Important FT-IR peaks at 3314.11, 1710.60, 1587.11 and 1347.77 cm-1 were predicted for hydroxyl, carbonyls, unsaturated C-C bonds and phenolic groups respectively. Further from antimicrobial results, it has been found that values of diameter of zone of inhibition (mm) of synthesized silver nanoparticles against B. subtilis, S. aureus, L. plantarum, P. aeruginosa, A. niger and C. albicans strains were 32, 28, 25, 25 35 and not active, respectively. MIC-MLC (μL) values were also determined. At last, it can be concluded that antimicrobial agents of 9-16 nm size range and stabilized by polyhydroxy-bioactive-components present in extract, in the form of silver nanoparticles has been productively synthesized.

Electron-optical characterization of nano- and micro-particles in raw and treated waters: an overview

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (12) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.G. Leppard ◽  
D. Mavrocordatos ◽  
D. Perret
Keyword(s):  
Natural Waters ◽  
Colloidal Particles ◽  
Size Range ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Micro Particles ◽  
Biological Surfaces ◽  
Transmission Electron

State-of-the-art information is presented on the analysis, by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), of aquatic colloidal particles in the size range of 3 to 500 nm least dimension, with a focus on nanoparticles (1-100 nm). Case studies include selections from both natural waters and waters undergoing treatment. The “species” of nano-particles receiving the greatest attention are: humic substances, polysaccharide fibrils, hydrous iron oxides, viruses, clay minerals, refractory cell debris, and heavy metal agglomerates on biological surfaces. Artifacts and how to both detect and minimize them are outlined. Correlative use of TEM with other imaging techniques is emphasized, along with associated spectroscopy. Noted is the potential of computerized image analysis for quantifying colloids on a “per colloid species” basis, using water samples centrifuged onto electron microscope grids.

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