scholarly journals Techniques to Determine Powder Flow Properties

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-204
Author(s):  
Shaveta Sharma ◽  
Teenu Sharma ◽  
Mahak Deep ◽  
Ashima Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Food Additives ◽  
Force Transducer ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
Wet Granulation ◽  
Shear Cell ◽  
Wide Scale ◽  
Air Circulation ◽  
Tapped Density ◽  
Scale Creation ◽  
Powder Rheometer

The goal of the current work was to do an orderly assessment of flow of powders and granules using compendial and non-compendial procedure. Angle of repose, Tapped density, Carr's compressibility file, Bulk density, Hausner’s ratios were assessed. Moreover, flow was described utilizing powder rheometer wherein delicate force transducer screens the forces created as consequence of the sample displacement, another technique FT4 powder rheometer. The Freeman Technology (FT4 powder rheometer) is intended to describe powders undergoing different circumstances in manners that look like wide scale creation climate. Techniques incorporate security and irregular flow rate, compressibility, shear cell, air circulation, porousness, divider contact and union. The FT4 has demonstrated application on the whole powders preparing ventures, including drugs, fine synthetic substances, cosmetics, food, additives and powder covering. The FT4 application connect to filling, hopper flow, Tablet pressure, wet granulation, end point, flow added substance determination and enhancement, moisture impacts, static change, feeding, stirring, separation, caking, processing, Wall grating, grip, hopper configuration etc.

Exploration of Neem Gum, Acrylamide Grafted Neem Gum and Carboxymethylated Neem Gum as Retardant in Tablet Formulation

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 1404-1410
Author(s):  
Rishabha Malviya
Keyword(s):  
Diclofenac Sodium ◽  
Tablet Formulation ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
Wet Granulation ◽  
Binding Agent ◽  
Grafted Polymer ◽  
Model Drug ◽  
Tablet Dosage ◽  
Tapped Density ◽  
Derivatives Of

Background: In the previous study, investigators have synthesized acrylamide grafted and carboxymethylated derivatives of neem gum and evaluated their potential in the formulation of nanoparticles. In continuation of previous work, authors have evaluated neem gum polysaccharide (NGP), acrylamide grafted neem gum polysaccharide (NGP-g-Am) and carboxymethylated neem gum polysaccharide (CMNGP) as binding agent in the tablet dosage form. Methods: Diclofenac sodium was used as a model drug while microcrystalline cellulose and talc were used as excipient in the preparation of granules employing wet granulation technique. NGP, NGP-g-Am and CMNGP were utilized as binding agent in the preparation of granules. Prepared granules were characterized for various pre-compression and post-compression parameters. Results and Discussion: Binding agents were used in the concentration of 4-24%w/w. NGP incorporated granules showed more bulk density and lower values of tapped density, Carr’s index, bulkiness, Hausner’s ratio and angle of repose as compared to NGP-g-Am consisting granules. NGP-g-Am consisting tablets showed more hardness and zero friability as compared to NGP based tablets. Drug content was found lower for the tablets having grafted polymer in place of NGP. CMNGP were also utilized to prepare granules but granules were not be able to compress keeping all the compacting parameters same as used in the case of NGP and NGP-g-Am consisting granules. NGP and NGP-g-Am were able to sustain drug release up to 6 and 8 h, respectively. Conclusion: It can be concluded that NGP-g-Am induces better properties when used as a binder in the tablet formulation than native polymer, while CMNGP cannot be utilized as a binding agent in the preparation of a tablet.

scholarly journals Isolation and preliminary evaluation of Mulva Neglecta mucilage: a novel tablet binder

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 201-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haroon Rahim ◽  
Abdul Sadiq ◽  
Shahzeb Khan ◽  
Kamran Ahmad Chishti ◽  
Fazli Amin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Diclofenac Sodium ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
Binding Potential ◽  
Wet Granulation ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
Disintegration Time ◽  
Tablet Dosage ◽  
Tapped Density ◽  
Pvp K30

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate binding potential of Mulva neglecta mucilage (MNM) with subsequent comparison to PVP K30. Eight batches of Diclofenac sodium tablets were prepared by wet granulation technique keeping different concentrations (4, 6, 8 & 10% w/w) of Mulva neglecta mucilage (extracted from leaves of Mulva neglecta) and PVP K30 as standard binder. The granules of formulated batches showed bulk density (g/mL) 0.49 ± 0.00 to 0.57 ± 0.00, tapped density (g/mL) 0.59 ± 0.01 to 0.70 ± 0.01, Carr's index 09.27 ± 0.95 to 19.65 ± 0.59, Hausner's ratio 1.12 ± 0.00 to 1.24 ± 0.01 and angle of repose 30.37 ± 2.90 °C to 36.86 ± 0.94 °C. Tablets were compressed to hardness 7.50 to 7.95 kg/cm2. The tablets showed 0.39 ± 0.02 to 0.39 ± 0.01% friability and 7:20 to 14:00 min disintegration time. Granules and post-compression evaluation revealed that parameters assessed were all found to be within the pharmacopoeial limits. The results (hardness, disintegration and dissolution) proved that Mulva neglecta mucilage has better binding capacity for preparation of uncoated tablet dosage form as compared to PVP K30. Among all the formulations, MN-1 to MN-4 showed slow release as compared to PV-1 to PV-4 and thereby Mulva neglecta mucilage exhibited satisfactory drug release phenomenon tablets of diclofenac sodium.

scholarly journals Preformulation Study of Pugun Tano (Curanga fel-terrae [Lour.] Merr) Ethanolic Extract Granule Mass in Capsule as Hepatoprotective Drug

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (22) ◽  
pp. 3729-3732
Author(s):  
Urip Harahap ◽  
Marianne Marianne ◽  
Yuandani Yuandani ◽  
Lia Laila
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Dosage Form ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Magnesium Stearate ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
Wet Granulation ◽  
Hausner Ratio ◽  
Tapped Density ◽  
Preformulation Study

BACKGROUND: Pugun tano extract had been studied for its effect as hepatoprotector. However, the usage of the plant in the form of extract has a limitation, especially if the extract is consumed by the people due to the unpleasant taste and odour. Then, the extract needs to be transformed into a particular dosage form, such as a capsule. But before the capsule can be produced, a preformulation study of pugun tano extract into a granule mass in capsule need to be evaluated. AIM: The study aimed to formulate the ethanolic extract of pugun tano (Curanga fel-terrae (Lour.) Merr) as granule mass in the capsule dosage form. METHODS: The pugun tano ethanolic extract was formulated in several steps included preparation of dry extract using coating method with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and granule mass production. The excipients used for the granule mass were lactose granules (made with tapioca starch using wet granulation), corn starch (made with 3 concentrations of 5% (F1), 7.5% (F2) and 10% (F3)), talcum, magnesium stearate, methylparaben, and propylparaben. The granule mass was evaluated for the bulk density, tapped density, inter-particle porosity, Carr’s index, Hausner ratio, angle of repose, and flowability. RESULTS: The results showed that all of the formulae passed the requirement of the preformulation test. The bulk density of the granule mass was 0.79 – 0.86 g/ml; the tapped density was 0.88 – 0.90 g/ml; the inter-particle porosity was 0.03 – 0.14; the Carr’s index was 2.71 – 11.94%; the Hausner ratio was 1.09-1.12; the angle of repose was 26.10 – 28.90°; and the flowing time was 5.97 – 6.63 seconds. All of the formulae showed good flowability and free-flowing properties. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that the obtained formula

scholarly journals FORMULATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF HERBAL TABLETS FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF DENGUE

2021 ◽  
pp. 104-113
Author(s):  
Shikha Thakur ◽  
Brisha Bhardwaj ◽  
Shouvik Kumar Nandy
Keyword(s):  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Herbal Extract ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
Wet Granulation ◽  
Disintegration Time ◽  
Weight Variation ◽  
Phosphorus Iron ◽  
Fresh Pulp ◽  
Tapped Density

Tablets are used as formulation and are prepared by using plant extracts i.e., Carica papaya and Embelica officinalis. These tablets were prepared by using wet granulation method. In this article the extract of leaves of Carica papaya and fruits of Embelica officinalis were used for making herbal tablets. Extracts of leaves of Carica papaya was obtained by cold extraction and through maceration method and the extract of fruits of Embelica officinalis was obtained by maceration process. Both extracts were dried and mixed. These extracts were then impregnated with the excipients like diluents, binding agents, super disintegrating agent, lubricants, etc. to make granules. These granules were then evaluated by using various parameters like Angle of repose, tapped density, bulk density, Carr’s Index, Hausner’s Ratio and void volume. These granules were then used for the making of tablets of desired size and shape by punching in the machine. After preparation of the tablets their evaluation parameters were studied like physical appearance, weight variation, friability, disintegration time, hardness test and thickness. Also the parameters for the acceptance of the tablets is also done like flavor and sweetness. Recent studies have shown that herbal extract of leaves of papaya has beneficial effect as an anti-inflammatory agent, for its wound healing properties, anti-tumor as well as Immunomodulatory effects and as an antioxidant. Amla fruit is a rich natural source of vitamin C (Ascorbic acid) and contains 600-750 mg/100 g of the fresh pulp. Also it is rich in minerals matters like phosphorus, iron and calcium. Amla is used as an Immunomodulatory agent and hence enhance the immunity of the patient. Aim of the study is to design develop and optimize the dosage form to cure dengue and is based on the use of natural plant ingredients to intermingle with chemical as well as synthetic ingredients to develop an effective unit dosage forms for better patient compliance. KEYWORDS: Papaya, Amla, Extracts, Herbal tablet, Dengue, Immunomodulatory, Platelets.

Formulation and Evaluation of Sustained Release Bilayer Matrix Tablet of Glimepiride and Metformin Hydrochloride

2021 ◽  
pp. 273-279
Author(s):  
Mayuri B. Patil ◽  
Avish D. Maru ◽  
Jayshree S. Bhadane
Keyword(s):  
Sustained Release ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
In Vitro Release ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
Metformin Hydrochloride ◽  
Wet Granulation ◽  
Matrix Tablet ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Weight Variation

The aim of the present study was to design and evaluate bilayer tablets of metformin hydrochloride as sustained release form for the treatment of Type-II diabetes mellitus. The basic aim of any Bi-layer tablet formulation is to separate physically or chemically incompatible ingredients and to produce repeat action or prolonged action of tablet. They are many drugs for treating type-II diabetes. Sulphonyl urea and biguanides are used commonly by a wide section of patients. Melt granulation process was used for the formulation of sustained comprising metformin layer and wet granulation of immediate comprising layer of glimepiride. The precompression studies like bulk density, tapped density, angle of repose, compressible index and post formulation studies includes weight variation, hardness, thickness, friability and dissolution study. The in-vitro release profile of Glimepiride was dissolved within 45 min, and Metformin Hydrochloride was able to release more than 12 hrs. They all the formulation was optimized formula due to its higher rate of dissolution and collate all other parameters with the official specifications.

scholarly journals FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF FLURBIPROFEN FAST DISINTEGRATING TABLETS USING NATURAL SUPERDISINTEGRANTS

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Sarfaraz ◽  
Surendra Kumar Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Drug Release ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
Lepidium Sativum ◽  
Disintegration Time ◽  
Natural Sources ◽  
Weight Variation ◽  
Wetting Time ◽  
Tapped Density ◽  
Fast Disintegrating Tablets

ABSTRACTObjective: The main objective of this research was to formulate Fast disintegrating tablets of Flurbiprofen incorporating superdisintegrants, isolated from natural sources like Plantago ovata (PO) seeds, Lepidium sativum (LS) seeds and agar-agar.Methods: Superdisintegrants were isolated from their natural sources using reported methods. Swelling index and hydration capacity was determined for the natural superdisintegrants to know their disintegration capacity. The tablet formulations were designed using isolated natural superdisintegrants. The powder blends were evaluated for pre-compressional parameters like angle of repose, bulk density, tapped density, carr’s index, and hausner’s ratio. Fast disintegrating tablets were prepared by direct compression method. The compressed tablets were characterized for post compression parameters.Results: All formulations had hardness, friability, weight variation and drug content within the pharmacopoeial limits. The wetting time was 84 to 254 sec, in vitro disintegration time was between 59.2 to 221 sec, and in-vitro drug release was as low as 11.80% (LS1) to a maximum of 98.99% (PO4) after 4 min of study. Among all, optimized formulation was PO4, as it showed good wetting time (84 sec), fastest disintegration time (59.2 sec), dispersion time (135 sec) and drug release of 98.99.% within 4 min.Conclusion: Flurbiprofen FDT’s were successfully developed using isolated natural disintegrants. The natural disintegrants isolated showed promising results and can prove as effective alternative for synthetic disintegrants.

scholarly journals Pharmaco-technological researches for development of tablets composition with amlodipin and enalapril

2020 ◽  
pp. 44-55
Author(s):  
N. S. Behei ◽  
O. V. Tryhubchak
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Data ◽  
Antihypertensive Drugs ◽  
Dispersion Analysis ◽  
Wet Granulation ◽  
Technological Properties ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Mathematical Planning ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Tapped Density ◽  
Functional Purpose

Ukraine has one of the highest mortality rates from cardiovascular diseases in Europe, accounting for 772.1 cases among men and 440.9 among women per 100 000 population. Antihypertensive drugs are different in dose, active substance and mechanism of action. Monotherapy is ineffective in most cases, therefore it requires a combination of several substances from different pharmacotherapeutic groups. Enalapril and amlodipine are the most often included in treatment regimens for hypertension. Therefore it is advisable to develop combined tablets with enalapril and amlodipine. The aim of the work was to study the effects of excipients on the pharmaco-technological parameters of intermediates and tablets with enalapril and amlodipine. During the work the studied excipients were grouped into 6 factors according to their functional purpose. The experiment was based on the method of mathematical planning. The tablets were preparated by compression after wet granulation. The studies were carried out according to pharmacopoeial methods. Statistical data processing was performed by dispersion analysis. During the experiment it was studied the effects of 30 excipients on the pharmaco-technological properties of granules (loss on drying), tablet mass (fluidity, angle of inclination, bulk density, tapped density) and tablets (uniformity of mass, hardness, friability and disintegration). The effect of 6 qualitative factors on the main reviews (indicators) of granules, powder masses and tablets with enalapril and amlodipine was studied. It is showed by ranked rows of advantages for the influence of excipients on 10 reviews (indicators) of granules, powder masses and tablets with enalapril and amlodipine. As a result of the study, the effects of excipients on the pharmaco-technological parameters of intermediates and tablets with enalapril and amlodipine were studied.

Formulation and Evaluation of Immediate Release Tablets of Etizolam

2021 ◽  
pp. 281-284
Author(s):  
Abhishek Kumar Singh ◽  
Kasif Shakeel
Keyword(s):  
Immediate Release ◽  
Magnesium Stearate ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
In Vitro Dissolution ◽  
Wet Granulation ◽  
Dissolution Profile ◽  
Compressibility Index ◽  
Tablet Hardness ◽  
In Vitro Disintegration

In the present investigation, immediate release tablet formulation of etizolam was developed for management of insomnia and anxiety using different Superdisintegrants (Sodium Starch Glycolate, Croscarmellose, Crospovidone), Povidone K-30 and Magnesium stearate by wet granulation method. The drug-excipients interaction was investigated by UV spectrophotometer. The granules and tablets of Etizolam were evaluated for various pre and post compression parameters like angle of repose, compressibility index, hausners ratio, tablet hardness, friability and in vitro disintegration and dissolution studies and their results were found to be satisfactory. These results suggest that maximum in vitro dissolution profile of formulation F6 were found to have equivalent percentage of drug release and concluded that F6 is better and similar to innovator product.

scholarly journals Improving Micromeritic Properties of Ibuprofen: An Agglomeration Approach

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-98
Author(s):  
Md Sazzadul Islam ◽  
Md Saiful Islam Pathan
Keyword(s):  
Water Solubility ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Pharmaceutical Journal ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
Release Behavior ◽  
Flow Properties ◽  
Physical Form ◽  
Reduced Compressibility ◽  
The Common ◽  
Tapped Density

Ibuprofen is one of the common NSAIDs having poor water solubility, low dissolution, weak flow properties and reduced compressibility. These downsides of ibuprofen crystal upraise crucial challenges during development of a dosage form. The aim of this present work was to modify the physical form of ibuprofen by changing micromeritic properties. Seven different formulations of ibuprofen agglomerates such as F-1, F-2, F-3, F-4, F-5, F-6 and F-7 were prepared to convert the needle shaped ibuprofen crystals into agglomerates so that the desired micromeritic properties can be achieved. In this study, agglomerates of ibuprofen were prepared by Quasi emulsion solvent diffusion (QESD) method in association with two surfactants (sodium lauryl sulphateand Tween 80) at three different concentrations for each. The micromeritic properties of the prepared agglomerates were evaluated for bulk density, tapped density, Carr’s index, Hausner’s ratio, angle of repose along with the release behavior of agglomerates. From dissolution study, it was observed that the release of drug was directly proportional to the surfactant concentration. Here, it was also revealed that there was no interaction among ibuprofen and other excipients as evident from DSC and FTIR studies.Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 20(1): 90-98, 2017

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