Social Roles and Organizational Culture: Attributions of Responsibility and Punitiveness for Financial Crime

A white-collar offender’s role and the organizational culture in which the crime occurs affects subjective evaluations of offender culpability. However, how they affect responsibility attributions and punitiveness is unclear. We examine attribution processes by conducting a factorial experiment to test a proposed model. We test attribution theory derived predictions using innovative methods of scale creation and nonparametric analyses. Participants attribute more responsibility and are more punitive of individuals and offenders in organizational cultures where illegality is atypical. Our five proposed dimensions of responsibility are predictive of responsibility attributions, and path analysis shows offender role and offense environment affect how the five dimensions of responsibility affect attributions. Our findings have implications for criminal justice and adjudication processes and corporate regulation.

Techniques to Determine Powder Flow Properties

The goal of the current work was to do an orderly assessment of flow of powders and granules using compendial and non-compendial procedure. Angle of repose, Tapped density, Carr's compressibility file, Bulk density, Hausner’s ratios were assessed. Moreover, flow was described utilizing powder rheometer wherein delicate force transducer screens the forces created as consequence of the sample displacement, another technique FT4 powder rheometer. The Freeman Technology (FT4 powder rheometer) is intended to describe powders undergoing different circumstances in manners that look like wide scale creation climate. Techniques incorporate security and irregular flow rate, compressibility, shear cell, air circulation, porousness, divider contact and union. The FT4 has demonstrated application on the whole powders preparing ventures, including drugs, fine synthetic substances, cosmetics, food, additives and powder covering. The FT4 application connect to filling, hopper flow, Tablet pressure, wet granulation, end point, flow added substance determination and enhancement, moisture impacts, static change, feeding, stirring, separation, caking, processing, Wall grating, grip, hopper configuration etc.

Development of a New Personality-Oriented Work Analysis Questionnaire: First Steps Towards Validation

In this paper we detail the construction and validation process for a new personality-oriented work analysis instrument, in the form of a standardized questionnaire, based on extant research that shows that personality traits are good predictors of job performance. We present the process of item development, frame of reference training, rating scale creation, and the selection of subject matter experts. By administering the instrument to three distinct positions, the interrater reliability coefficients resulted between .80 and .94. We also investigated the instrument’s ability to discriminate between the same rated positions, and the results for this indicator were quite low. Conclusions provide some possible explanations for the lower resulted discriminability. Practical and theoretical implications are discussed as well as other future research for general improvement of data quality.

A Review of Key Likert Scale Development Advances: 1995–2019

Developing self-report Likert scales is an essential part of modern psychology. However, it is hard for psychologists to remain apprised of best practices as methodological developments accumulate. To address this, this current paper offers a selective review of advances in Likert scale development that have occurred over the past 25 years. We reviewed six major measurement journals (e.g., Psychological Methods, Educational, and Psychological Measurement) between the years 1995–2019 and identified key advances, ultimately including 40 papers and offering written summaries of each. We supplemented this review with an in-depth discussion of five particular advances: (1) conceptions of construct validity, (2) creating better construct definitions, (3) readability tests for generating items, (4) alternative measures of precision [e.g., coefficient omega and item response theory (IRT) information], and (5) ant colony optimization (ACO) for creating short forms. The Supplementary Material provides further technical details on these advances and offers guidance on software implementation. This paper is intended to be a resource for psychological researchers to be informed about more recent psychometric progress in Likert scale creation.

The Reward and Punishment of the Civil Servants Apparatus In the Civil Service Police Unit and Wilayatul Hisbah Bener Meriah Regency

This study examines the provision of rewards and punishments to ASN. The research objective was to understand how the process and impact of reward and punishment for ASN in Satpol PP and WH Bener Meriah Regency. The theoretical perspective used is the theory of public organizations, reward, and punishment, and the state civil apparatus. The research method used is qualitative. The results showed that the process of giving rewards and punishments was carried out in three stages: ASN inventory, priority scale creation, and decision making. The positive impact of giving rewards and punishments for ASNs in the Satpol PP and WH Office of Bener Meriah Regency is to increase work motivation and can help develop careers for ASNs. Whereas punishment has a positive impact on ASNs as a deterrent effect from repeating violations of duty and can improve their behavior at work which is then able to improve their performance in the future. The negative impact did not change the attitude/behavior of ASNs who were given punishment because they were annoyed at getting punished, or it could be said that ASN was not deterred by the actions of giving punishment by the leaders of Satpol PP and WH in Bener Meriah Regency.

Refereeing articles including SEM – what should referees look for?

Purpose After expressing an initial disquiet about the nature of many studies that are published using structural equation modelling (SEM), a rationale for using the technique is provided. Given the advantages provided by the technique, the differences between covariance-based and partial least squares techniques are briefly described. The argument progresses by indicating assumptions behind the techniques and what it is that referees require before being able to properly referee the paper. Some issues are fundamental to survey-based materials and include the requirement to distinguish between importance and discriminatory power, and the over-dependency on cross-sectional analysis when making claims of generalisation. Other issues of scale creation and sample size are touched upon. This paper finishes by suggesting a checklist for referees who are asked to review papers using SEM.

The Idea of Noosphere in the Сontext of Modern Transformations

The idea of a noosphere for the first time formulated in V. Vernadsky's works in the 1940s in the recent years attracts attention of participants of the different trends of scientific search as it has the considerable hidden potential in a research of modern transformations. The creator of a noosphere – the Humanity, presented as the powerful geological force allocated with consciousness, getting to know and transforming the Nature itself is involved in deep transformations many results of which are unexpected for him and bring him problems and additional obligations. Effective implementation of informative opportunities of the idea of a noosphere assumes expansion of space of scientific search and overcoming cross-disciplinary borders. At the focus of research of authors: representation of a noosphere as the system endowed with the energy which generate other types of energy and involved in the difficult process of transformation of energy proceeding in space; structure of a noosphere and its basic components; a problem of responsibility of the Humanity in all its subject forms by results of activity, including, responsibility in its noosphere scale, creation of adequate mechanisms of implementation of such responsibility in the conditions of forming of the global market. The chimeric entities and the anti-systems accompanying them arise in the movement of a noosphere. Through the optics of the idea of a noosphere authors consider key problem nodes and contradictions of modern conversions, estimate the effects arising at the different levels of these processes, offer applied means for a solution of the tasks rising here. Article provides recommendations on upgrading the state policy in social and economic transformations. The authors’ results belong to one of the new and perspective directions of cross-disciplinary scientific search that causes essential novelty and the debatable nature of the provisions presented in article, conclusions and recommendations. During the research heuristic resources of a number of modern scientific theories were used: biospheres, passionarity, cognitive economy, social and economic transformations, human capital, ecology, etc.