scholarly journals Evaluation of a Developing Ecotourism Industry: Whale-Watching in The Gulf of Tribugá, Colombia

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria E. Zapetis ◽  
Mystera M. Samuelson ◽  
Natalia Botero Acosta ◽  
Stan A. Kuczaj
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Humpback Whales ◽  
Perceived Behavioral Control ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
Whale Watching ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Industry Standards ◽  
Species Specific

The ecotour industry continues to grow with a distinct focus on providing the public with up-close encounters with cetaceans. As a result, research focusing on both the effects of ecotourism on cetaceans and the efficacy of conservation-focused educational interventions for whale-watching operators is necessary to monitor and develop industry standards. Each year, whale-watching tours target humpback whales along their Colombian Pacific breeding grounds. There are many benefits to ecotourism in this area, including the use of whale-watching vessels as a platform for scientific research and environmental education. However, some whale-watching operators may lack species-specific knowledge and/or do not follow the suggested industry guidelines. Researchers held educational seminars for whale-watching staff at six hotels that border the Gulf of Tribugá. Seminars focused on whale anatomy, behavior, anthropogenic effects on the species, and sustainable whale-watching protocols. Participants were asked to complete a questionnaire aimed to assess constructs related to the conservation of this species. This self-report information was accompanied by implicit measures (e.g., sighting duration, distance from whales) recorded during tours in situ. Behavioral observations aimed at assessing whales’ response to ecotour vessels demonstrated that whales increased rates of surface-active behaviors (e.g., tail slashes) with increasing nearness and duration. Whale-watching operators’ conduct during sightings demonstrated that positive attitudes toward humpback whales did not translate into adherence to sustainable practices. This relationship between the whale-watching operators’ questionnaire results and their behavior in the field demonstrates the need for careful monitoring of this developing industry. This project represents a preliminary evaluation of this budding ecotour industry. Continued efforts to increase knowledge while promoting self-advocacy, positive perceived behavioral control, subjective norms, behavioral intentions, and attitudes towards these animals will enable the safeguarding of near-shore waters essential for breeding and nursing humpback whales.

scholarly journals Socio-cognitive Determinants of Plagiarism Intention Among Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences Students: A Cross-sectional Study in 2018

2021 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Mirzaei-Alavijeh ◽  
Cyrus Jalili ◽  
Pedram Rezaei-Zadeh ◽  
Farzad Jalilian
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
University Students ◽  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Subjective Norms ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Perceived Behavioral Control ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Plagiarism is one of the most common and important misconducts in the educational and research environment. Plagiarism means transcribing the works or ideas of others without authenticating the source and the original author and assigning them to self. Objectives: The current research aimed to investigate the socio-cognitive constructs associated with plagiarism among Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS) students using the theory of planned behavior (TPB). Methods: This cross-sectional study was done at KUMS, the west of Iran, among 231 medical university students in 2018, which were selected randomly to participate voluntarily. Students filled out a self-report questionnaire that included the demographics and TPB variables. Data gathered were analyzed by the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (version 16) using a t-test, Pearson correlation, and linear regression. Results: The determinants of attitude, subjective norms (SN), and perceived behavioral control (PBC) accounted for 15% of behavioral intention (BI) to plagiarism. Linear regression showed that SN (beta = 0.229; P = 0.001) and PBC (beta = -0.217; P = 0.001) were the most influential predictors of plagiarism intention. Conclusions: According to the result, it seems that planning programs to increase perceived behavioral control against doing plagiarism and reduce subjective norms encouraging plagiarism may be useful for the prevention and reduction of plagiarism among university students.

scholarly journals Examining intentions to engage in sun protective behaviors among Latino day laborers: An application of the theory of planned behavior

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-359
Author(s):  
Javier Francisco Boyas ◽  
Jana L. Woodiwiss ◽  
Vinayak K. Nahar
Keyword(s):  
Skin Cancer ◽  
Theory Of Planned Behavior ◽  
Planned Behavior ◽  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Perceived Behavioral Control ◽  
Day Laborers ◽  
Protective Behaviors ◽  
Latino Day Laborers

Background: The past two decades has revealed an unprecedented increasing incidence of skin cancer within the Latinx population. Although Latino day laborers (LDLs) are at heightened risk for developing skin cancer because of the outdoor work in which they engage, there is limited research examining their intentions to engage in sun protective behaviors (SPBs). Therefore, this study sought to assess the explanatory power of the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to identify attitudinal, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control factors associated with intentions to engage in SPB among LDLs. Methods: This cross-sectional retrospective study consists of a non-random convenience,community-based, sample of 137 LDLs residing in Mississippi and Illinois. Data were collected using a self-report survey centered on health practices and sun-protective behaviors. Results: Findings revealed that five significant factors shaped intentions to engage in SPBs, including barriers to engaging in SPBs (β =.30, P<0.001), benefits of engaging in SPBs (β =.27,P<0.001), education (β=0.20, P<0.01), and acculturation (β=0.18, P≤0.05). The independent variables tested in the model accounted for 42% of the change in intentions to engage in SPBs. Conclusion: This study demonstrates TPB’s usefulness for predicting future intentions to engage in SPBs among LDLs. Moreover, the strongest factor associated with predicting intentions to engage in SPBs among LDLs was perceived behavioral control. Thus, since SPBs are malleable, emphasis is placed on implementing interventions for this population that promote intentions and address perceived behavioral control.

scholarly journals Knowledge Sharing among Academic Staff in the Higher Education Institution

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-74
Author(s):  
Alaa S. Jameel ◽  
Aram H. Massoudi ◽  
Azwar M. Qasim Agha
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Sharing ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Academic Staff ◽  
Education Institution ◽  
Subjective Norm ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Perceived Behavioral Control ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Positive Attitudes

Organizational success relies heavily on knowledge sharing. Having a knowledge-sharing philosophy within an organization has a significant impact on its success because it stimulates staff's desire to address the organization's challenges and concerns. This study aims to examine the effect of attitude, Subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control on knowledge sharing among academic staff—the study conducted among academic staff at three private universities located in Erbil. The data were collected by questionnaires method, 163 valid questionnaires analyzed by Structural Equation Modelling SEM, Analysis of Moment Structure (AMOS) after ensuring validity and reliability. The results showed a positive and significant impact of attitude, Subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control on knowledge sharing among academic staff. As well, perceived behavioral control had a major impact on knowledge sharing followed by Subjective norm. The university should support academics and establish innovative climates and norms to develop positive attitudes in the organization to enable university staff to share their knowledge.

scholarly journals How to effectively promote interprofessional collaboration? – a qualitative study on physicians’ and pharmacists’ perspectives driven by the theory of planned behavior

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Łucja Zielińska-Tomczak ◽  
Magdalena Cerbin-Koczorowska ◽  
Piotr Przymuszała ◽  
Ryszard Marciniak
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of Planned Behavior ◽  
Planned Behavior ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Interprofessional Collaboration ◽  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Subjective Norms ◽  
Perceived Behavioral Control ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Professional Activities ◽  
Positive Attitudes

Abstract Background Ajzen’s theory of planned behavior (TPB) postulates that individuals’ behavioral intention is influenced by their attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. Therefore, it can be used to broaden the understanding of particular behaviors, including healthcare workers’ professional activities. Methods In this study, we used TPB as a theoretical framework to evaluate semi-structured interviews with pharmacists and physicians to build an understanding of the interprofessional collaboration between them. Sixteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with pharmacists and eleven with physicians. The sample of participants comprised a diverse group with varying work experience and workplaces. Data were analyzed independently by two researchers following the thematic analysis method using ATLAS.ti software. Data saturation was set in the absence of new issues arising during the interviews. Results The content analysis allowed for the determination of six main themes: the relationship between previous experiences and attitudes towards collaboration, pharmacist’s role in collaboration, mutual reluctance toward collaboration, the role of decision- and policy-makers, knowledge and qualifications gaps regarding collaboration, and lack of organizational paths. Conclusions Despite both physicians and pharmacists displaying positive attitudes towards collaboration may foster their intention to establish a professional partnership, subjective norms (e.g., the lack of appropriate legal regulations) and perceived behavioral control (physicians’ lack of awareness about pharmacists’ qualifications and the low level of interpersonal skills) might impede the process.

scholarly journals Mobile phone use intention while driving among public service vehicle drivers: Magnitude and its social and cognitive determinants

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0251007
Author(s):  
Temesgen Demissie Eijigu
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Traffic Control ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Perceived Behavioral Control ◽  
Intention To Use

Despite its risks for accident and illegality, little is known about the magnitude and associated social and cognitive factors that motivate drivers to use mobile phone while driving. The present study, guided by theory of planned behavior, aimed at describing the magnitude of mobile use while driving and examining the role of attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and risk perceptions in predicting drivers’ intentions to use mobile phone while driving. A total of 155 public service vehicle drivers, who were selected from Debre Markos Town and its vehicle terminal took part in the study. To select study participants, systematic random sampling technique was employed. The instrument used to collect data was self-report questionnaire. The results indicated that more than two-third (69%) of the participants used their mobile phone while driving over the past week. Hierarchical regression analysis displayed that perceived behavioral control, risk perception, and attitude were found to be the most significant social and cognitive predictors of public service vehicle drivers’ intention to use mobile phone while driving, but not age and subjective norm variables. So as to reduce drivers’ intention to use mobile phone while driving, intervention strategies should focus on enhancing their confidence to avoid this behavior; alerting drivers to the traffic control regulation and the dangers of using mobile phones while driving.

What makes restaurateurs adopt healthy restaurant initiatives?

2017 ◽  
Vol 119 (12) ◽  
pp. 2583-2596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunhee (Sunny) Seo ◽  
Hyunjeong Lee
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Relative Advantage ◽  
Perceived Behavioral Control ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Adoption Theory ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Intention To Participate ◽  
Innovation Characteristics

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to uncover what affected restaurateurs in their intention to participate in the healthy restaurant initiative. Design/methodology/approach In all, 53 restaurateurs who participated in healthy restaurant initiatives in Korea responded to a survey. Multiple regression analysis was conducted to reveal the influences of perceived innovation characteristics (PICs), attitudes, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control (PBC) on the intention to sustain a healthy restaurant. Findings The results showed that PBC, attitudes toward healthy restaurants, relative advantage for restaurants, and complexity among PICs were significant influences on the intention to sustain healthy restaurant initiatives. Research limitations/implications This research has made the first attempt to evaluate healthy restaurant initiatives using the perspectives of restaurateurs who actually participated in healthy restaurant initiatives. Also, this study extends the research model testing behavior intention using the theory of planned behavior and the innovation adoption theory to investigate the influences on restaurateur intentions to sustain healthy restaurant initiatives. Practical implications The findings indicate that operators must have access to sufficient technical resources and a sense of self-efficacy, which encourage restaurateurs to maintain healthy restaurant initiatives. Enhancing positive attitudes and the relative advantages of the healthy restaurant initiatives also encouraged participation. Finally, voluntary and continuous participation and expansion of healthy restaurant initiatives require community and government support, a simple use of process to change, and a good understanding of the relative advantages of healthy restaurant initiatives. Originality/value This study first illustrates the factors that best explain the intention to sustain a healthy restaurant from the perspective of restaurateurs. PICs shed light on how complexity and relative advantage for customers helps predict intentions to sustain healthy restaurant initiatives.

Consumers’ intention to purchase counterfeit sporting goods in Singapore and Taiwan

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weisheng Chiu ◽  
Ho Keat Leng
Keyword(s):  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Subjective Norm ◽  
Perceived Behavioral Control ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Tertiary Institutions ◽  
Intention To Purchase ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Sporting Goods

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to compare the purchase intention of counterfeit sporting goods between Singaporean and Taiwanese students using the Theory of Planned Behavior. Design/methodology/approach – A quantitative approach was taken, collecting data from Singaporean and Taiwanese students studying in tertiary institutions. In total, 295 valid questionnaires were included in the data analysis. Findings – The results showed that consumers’ attitude, subjective norm, and brand consciousness were predictive of purchase intention for both countries, whereas perceived behavioral control had an effect only among Taiwanese students. Further analysis showed that Singapore students had significantly higher positive attitudes toward the purchase of counterfeit sporting goods and higher levels of acceptance from peers in purchasing counterfeits. Research limitations/implications – A limitation of this study was that respondents were selected from the undergraduate population and as such were relatively younger than the general population. Originality/value – The findings of this study provides a better understanding on how these factors affect purchase intention of counterfeit sporting goods across countries.

Drivers of Middle-Class Consumers’ Green Appliance Attitude and Purchase Behavior: A Multi-Theory Application

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-171
Author(s):  
Nombulelo Dilotsotlhe ◽  
Helen Inseng Duh
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
South African ◽  
Behavioral Intention ◽  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Black Middle Class ◽  
Relative Advantage ◽  
Perceived Behavioral Control ◽  
Actual Behavior ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Positive Attitudes

Background: Some 80% of the South African (SA) middle class consumers use washing machines, electric cookers, fridges, freezers and other appliances. Considering the growing water and electricity shortages in SA, the government advocates the use of green appliances. However, the factors helping or hindering the positive attitudes, purchase and use of green appliances need examination. Focus of the article: This study focuses on the first and second steps of the community-based social marketing (CBSM) framework, whereby for behavioral change, behaviors, their drivers and barriers are to be examined before strategy formulation. Thus, this study first assessed SA black middle class consumers’ green appliances attitude, behavioral intention and actual behavior. It then integrated the Theory of Consumption Values (TCV), Diffusion of Innovations Theory (DOI), and Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) to examine the consumer-related and product-related factors helping or hindering the green appliances attitudes, behavioral intentions and actual behavior. Research Hypotheses: From the integration of the TCV, DOI and TPB, a conceptual model was developed that proposed that consumer-related factors (functional, conditional, epistemic, emotional and social values) and product-related factors (relative advantage, complexity, compatibility and observability) will influence green appliances attitude, which with perceived behavioral control will impact behavioral intention, proposed as a driver of actual behavior. Methods: Considering that the black middle-class are a fast growing and large (about 4.2 million South Africans) community of consumers, cross-sectional quantitative data was collected from 500 black middle class consumers through self-administered questionnaires. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling was used to test 14 hypotheses. Results: The respondents expressed positive attitudes toward green appliances ( M = 5.80 on a 7-point Likert scale and positive intention to buy green appliances ( M = 5.78). Most of the study participants have purchased one or more green appliances ( M = 6.09). The integrated model explained 84.5% of attitude toward green appliances. The significant drivers of attitude were functional, conditional, and epistemic values (consumer-related factors), and relative advantage, compatibility, and observability (product-related factors). The attitude, social value and perceived behavioral control explained 83.1% of behavioral intention, which with PBC explained 24.2% of actual behavior. Recommendations for practice: Considering that the third step of the CBSM framework is to develop strategies for behavioral change, the South-African government, environmental agencies and social marketers should seek ways to reward the large segment of black middle class consumers, so that their positive green appliances attitudes and behavioral intentions can further be converted to actual purchase. The consumer-related and product-related drivers of attitudes and purchase behaviors identified in this study should be used to position and promote green appliances using the middle class consumers as opinion leaders or endorsers. Limitations: The main limitation is the use of a survey which limits provision of deeper insights into drivers and barriers of green appliances attitudes and behaviors.

scholarly journals Predicting Electronic Cigarette Use Among Adults in the Philippines

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-248
Author(s):  
Fahad Khamis Aljaberi ◽  
Johnny J Yao.jr.
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Electronic Cigarette ◽  
Perceived Behavioral Control ◽  
Tobacco Prevention ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Intent To Use

Background: The Philippines has one of the highest cigarette smoking rates in Southeast Asia. Tobacco prevention and control efforts should not be a one-size-fits-all approach. One of the most recent and highly marketed way of cutting down smoking is the use of E-cigarettes. But its use may also have potential harmful effects which would be similar to cigarette smoking. Purpose: This study aimed to determine the factors predicting electronic cigarette use among adults in a large metropolitan area in the Philippines. Methods:The study used a descriptive-correlational multivariate research design. Adults who are at least 18 years of age, who are electronic cigarettes users, dual users (electronic cigarette and cigarette users), and non-smokers were chosen for this study. The researchers utilized a researcher- made questionnaire based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) in gathering the data. Results: Multiple regression analysis suggests that positive attitude and high perceived behavioral control significantly predict intent to use electronic cigarettes. Moreover, intent to use is a significant predictor of actual e-cigarette use.  Conclusion: People who have positive attitudes and high perceived behavioral control towards e-cigarette use are most likely to have higher intent to use e-cigarettes. Further, people who have high intent to use e-cigarettes will most likely use e-cigarettes. With reverence to the findings of this study, health managers and professionals should look into how e-cigarettes are being marketed to the public which may shape their attitude and behavior. Lastly, further studies should be conducted on other variables that may predict electronic cigarette use and measure health outcomes.

Evaluation of the Fight BAC! The Story of Your Dinner Campaign Video: A Multistate Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 584-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
TRESSIE BARRETT ◽  
YAOHUA FENG ◽  
HAN CHEN ◽  
EMILY CHUANG ◽  
SHELLEY FEIST ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Risk Perception ◽  
Educational Intervention ◽  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
Perceived Behavioral Control ◽  
Food Handling ◽  
Demographic Groups ◽  
Handling Practices ◽  
Safe Food

ABSTRACT This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the holiday food safety campaign, “The Story of Your Dinner,” launched in 2016 by the Partnership for Food Safety Education. The campaign was designed to change knowledge, risk perception, and perceived behavioral control ideas among U.S. consumers. Results from the study, conducted from 2016 through 2018, were analyzed overall and among specific demographic groups. For respondents from all 3 years, overall knowledge significantly increased from presurvey to postsurvey. Survey findings indicated that after viewing the educational intervention, adult respondents were significantly more confident in their ability to use a food thermometer while cooking small cuts of meat and poultry and developed a significantly higher perception of the risk of suffering from foodborne illness. The educational intervention was more effective for changing risk perception and perceived behavioral control among some demographic groups. Respondent risk perception and perceived behavioral control significantly increased in more categories for adolescents than for adults. Consumers tended to overestimate their safe food handling practices. Prior to the educational intervention, adult respondents rated themselves highly (5.49 ± 1.64 of 7.00) on their confidence in cooking meat and poultry that is safe to eat. However, these respondents were less comfortable complying with the safe food handling practice of using a thermometer on small (4.47 ± 1.98) and large (4.61 ± 2.02) cuts of meat and poultry. More educational interventions are needed to improve compliance with safe food handling in home kitchens. Future studies will be conducted to identify and address barriers to food safety behavioral change among various population groups. HIGHLIGHTS

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