Gerbert of Aurillac (Pope Sylvester II) as a Clockmaker

The paper analyses three preserved reports, depicting Gerbert of Aurillac (also known as: of Reims, of Ravenna, of Bobbio, and in 999–1003 as Pope Sylvester II) as a clockmaker. The Benedictine monk William of Malmesbury (died around 1143) writes about clocks Gerbert made in Reims in The History of the English Kings and describes them as arte mechanica compositum. The Benedictine Arnold Wion (died around 1610) mentions clocks from Ravenna, where Gerbert allegedly constructed a clepsydra, in The Tree of Life. In his Chronicle, Thietmar of Merseburg (died around 1018) describes a horologium with an observation tube (fistula) from Magdeburg. These three references are analysed from a historical standpoint and especially Williams’s and Thietmar’s short reports are interpreted as possible references to timekeeping devices – the astrolabe and the nocturlabe.

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A history of botanical collections in the Luangwa Valley, Zambia

Archives of Natural History ◽

10.3366/anh.1998.25.2.283 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

pp. 283-291

Author(s):

P.S.M. PHIRI ◽

D.M. MOORE

Keyword(s):

Eighteenth Century ◽

Environmental Impact ◽

Impact Assessment ◽

Vascular Plants ◽

Central Africa ◽

Peak Activity ◽

Historical Account ◽

History Of ◽

The 1960S ◽

Made In

Central Africa remained botanically unknown to the outside world up to the end of the eighteenth century. This paper provides a historical account of plant explorations in the Luangwa Valley. The first plant specimens were collected in 1897 and the last serious botanical explorations were made in 1993. During this period there have been 58 plant collectors in the Luangwa Valley with peak activity recorded in the 1960s. In 1989 1,348 species of vascular plants were described in the Luangwa Valley. More botanical collecting is needed with a view to finding new plant taxa, and also to provide a satisfactory basis for applied disciplines such as ecology, phytogeography, conservation and environmental impact assessment.

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Chasing Angels: The Sweet Wine Angelica

Gastronomica The Journal of Food and Culture ◽

10.1525/gfc.2008.8.3.74 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 74-78

Author(s):

hank shaw

Keyword(s):

The State ◽

The Real ◽

Mission Period ◽

History Of ◽

Uncertain Future ◽

Sweet Wine ◽

Made In

Portugal has port, Spain has sherry, Sicily has Marsala –– and California has angelica. Angelica is California's original wine: The intensely sweet, fortified dessert cordial has been made in the state for more than two centuries –– primarily made from Mission grapes, first brought to California by the Spanish friars. Angelica was once drunk in vast quantities, but now fewer than a dozen vintners make angelica today. These holdouts from an earlier age are each following a personal quest for the real. For unlike port and sherry, which have strict rules about their production, angelica never gelled into something so distinct that connoisseurs can say, ““This is angelica. This is not.”” This piece looks at the history of the drink, its foggy origins in the Mission period and on through angelica's heyday and down to its degeneration into a staple of the back-alley wino set. Several current vintners are profiled, and they suggest an uncertain future for this cordial.

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Not as It Is Written

The Public Historian ◽

10.1525/tph.2020.42.2.78 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 42 (2) ◽

pp. 78-100

Author(s):

Benjamin Houston

Keyword(s):

African American ◽

Civil Rights ◽

Oral History ◽

Civil Rights Movement ◽

International Exhibition ◽

Black Experience ◽

American Perspective ◽

History Of ◽

Black Life ◽

Made In

This article discusses an international exhibition that detailed the recent history of African Americans in Pittsburgh. Methodologically, the exhibition paired oral history excerpts with selected historic photographs to evoke a sense of Black life during the twentieth century. Thematically, showcasing the Black experience in Pittsburgh provided a chance to provoke among a wider public more nuanced understandings of the civil rights movement, an era particularly prone to problematic and superficial misreadings, but also to interject an African American perspective into the scholarship on deindustrializing cities, a literature which treats racism mostly in white-centric terms. This essay focuses on the choices made in reconciling these thematic and methodological dimensions when designing this exhibition.

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RISHTAN SCHOOL OF CERAMICS

Journal of look to the past ◽

10.26739/2181-9599-2019-16-12 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 73-77

Author(s):

Akmal Marozikov ◽

Keyword(s):

Central Asia ◽

Building Materials ◽

Works Of Art ◽

The World ◽

Ferghana Valley ◽

History Of ◽

Made In ◽

National Style

Ceramics is an area that has a long history of making clay bowls, bowls, plates,pitchers, bowls, bowls, bowls, pots, pans, toys, building materials and much more.Pottery developed in Central Asia in the XII-XIII centuries. Rishtan school, one of the oldest cities in the Ferghana Valley, is one of the largest centers of glazed ceramics inCentral Asia. Rishtan ceramics and miniatures are widely recognized among the peoples of the world and are considered one of the oldest cities in the Ferghana Valley. The article discusses the popularity of Rishtan masters, their products made in the national style,and works of art unique to any region

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Ten Percent of SIDS Cases are Murder — or are They?

Academic Forensic Pathology ◽

10.23907/2017.018 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 163-170 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Christopher M. Milroy ◽

Charis Kepron

Keyword(s):

Sudden Infant Death ◽

Current Data ◽

History of otorhinolaryngology in Germany before 1921

HNO ◽

10.1007/s00106-021-01046-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 69 (5) ◽

pp. 338-365

Author(s):

Albert Mudry ◽

Robert Mlynski ◽

Burkhard Kramp

Keyword(s):

Head And Neck ◽

19Th Century ◽

Neck Surgery ◽

German Society ◽

100Th Anniversary ◽

Head And Neck Surgery ◽

History Of ◽

Academic Organization ◽

The 19Th Century ◽

Made In

AbstractIn 2021, the German Society of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery is celebrating the 100th anniversary of its foundation. The aim of this article is to present the main inventions and progress made in Germany before 1921, the date the society was founded. Three chronological periods are discernible: the history of otorhinolaryngology (ORL) in Germany until the beginning of the 19th century, focusing mainly on the development of scattered knowledge; the birth of the sub-specialties otology, laryngology (pharyngo-laryngology and endoscopy), and rhinology in the 19th century, combining advances in knowledge and implementation of academic structures; and the creation of the ORL specialty at the turn of the 20th century, mainly concentrating on academic organization and expansion. This period was crucial and allowed for the foundation of the German Society of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery on solid ground. Germany played an important role in the development and progress of ORL internationally in the 19th century with such great contributors as Anton von Tröltsch, Hermann Schwartze, Otto Körner, Rudolf Voltolini, and Gustav Killian to mention a few.

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Congenital Toxoplasmosis: Missed Opportunities for Diagnosis and Prevention

Journal of Tropical Pediatrics ◽

10.1093/tropej/fmaa069 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Raquel Aitken Soares Mueller ◽

Ana Cristina Cisne Frota ◽

Daniela Durão Menna Barreto ◽

Daniela Pires Ferreira Vivacqua ◽

Gabriela Bueno Loria ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antenatal Care ◽

Congenital Toxoplasmosis ◽

First Trimester ◽

University Hospital ◽

Serological Testing ◽

Missed Opportunities ◽

Clinic Appointment ◽

History Of ◽

Acute Toxoplasmosis ◽

Made In

Abstract Objectives Identify missed opportunities for the prevention and early diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis (CT) in infants followed up in a reference center for pediatric infectious diseases (PID) in Rio de Janeiro between January 2007 and December 2016. Methods Descriptive study including infants with CT, diagnosis established based on Brazil’s Ministry of Health’s criteria. All data regarding the infants and their mother’s prenatal care were collected from the medical records of the Instituto de Puericultura e Pediatria Martagão Gesteira (IPPMG)—a tertiary public pediatric university hospital. The study enrolled infants aged between 0 and 12 months followed up in the PID department of IPPMG and with confirmed infection by Toxoplasma gondii in the period between January 2007 and December 2016. All patients with diagnosis of CT registered in the PID database of the IPPMG and admitted in the above-mentioned period were included in the study. Patients whose records were not available, or who went to just one clinic appointment were excluded. Results The obstetric history of all 44 women, whose infants (45) were diagnosed with CT, was analyzed. Their median age was 22 years. None had undergone preconception serological testing for toxoplasmosis. Only 20 (45%) of them started antenatal care during the first trimester of gestation, a total of 24 (55%) had more than six antenatal care visits, and 16% of those did not undergo serological testing for toxoplasmosis. None were adequately informed of preventive measures. The diagnosis of acute toxoplasmosis was made in 50% of these pregnancies but 32% of the women were not treated. Only 10 children of these mothers were adequately screened and treated at birth. Conclusion Despite the existence of national recommendations, several opportunities were missed to prevent CT during the antenatal period and to diagnose and treat this condition in the neonatal period.

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A history of high-power laser research and development in the United Kingdom

High Power Laser Science and Engineering ◽

10.1017/hpl.2021.5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Colin N. Danson ◽

Malcolm White ◽

John R. M. Barr ◽

Thomas Bett ◽

Peter Blyth ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Research And Development ◽

High Power ◽

Laser Action ◽

Historical Review ◽

High Power Laser ◽

Power Laser ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

History Of ◽

The Uk ◽

Made In

Abstract The first demonstration of laser action in ruby was made in 1960 by T. H. Maiman of Hughes Research Laboratories, USA. Many laboratories worldwide began the search for lasers using different materials, operating at different wavelengths. In the UK, academia, industry and the central laboratories took up the challenge from the earliest days to develop these systems for a broad range of applications. This historical review looks at the contribution the UK has made to the advancement of the technology, the development of systems and components and their exploitation over the last 60 years.

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Studies in the Social and Economic History of Ostia

Papers of the British School at Rome ◽

10.1017/s0068246200005882 ◽

1938 ◽

Vol 14 ◽

pp. 152-162 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Frederick H. Wilson

Keyword(s):

Economic History ◽

Capital City ◽

Standard Of Living ◽

Three Generations ◽

The Social ◽

History Of ◽

The City ◽

Made In

The first of these Studies was concerned chiefly with the history of Ostia during the period when the city was still growing and its prosperity increasing. Even so, during the period already considered, the prosperity of Ostia, though real, was to this extent artificial, in that it depended upon factors over which the citizens themselves had no control. Ostia was the port of Rome, and nothing else, and in consequence any lowering of the standard of living in, or reduction of imports into the capital city must have had immediate and marked repercussions upon her prosperity. She even lacked to a great extent those reserves of wealth which in other cities might be drawn upon to tide over bad times. The typical citizen of Ostia came to the city in the hope of making his fortune there; but when he had made it, he usually preferred to retire to some more pleasant town, such as Tibur, Tusculum, Velitrae, or Rome itself, where he could enjoy his leisure. Few families seem to have remained in the city for more than two, or, at the most, three generations. Whilst therefore fortunes were made in Ostia, wealth was not accumulated there.

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Anthropocentrism without a centre?

Archaeological Dialogues ◽

10.1017/s1380203800000957 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 119-122 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Julian Thomas

Keyword(s):

Being And Time ◽

Philosophical Tradition ◽

Human Beings ◽

Unusual Structure ◽

Western Philosophical Tradition ◽

History Of ◽

Unique Relationship ◽

Made In ◽

Number Of Authors ◽

The Way

I am grateful to Håkan Karlsson for his thoughtful commentary on some of the issues concerning Heidegger and archaeology which were raised in a previous issue of this journal, and find myself fascinated by his project of a ‘contemplative archaeology’. However, one or two points of clarification could be made in relation to Karlsson's contribution. Firstly, as a number of authors have pointed out (e.g. Anderson 1966, 20; Olafson 1993), the gulf between Heidegger's early work and that which followed the Kehre may have been more apparent than real. While his focus may have shifted from the Being of one particular kind of being (Dasein) to a history of Being (Dreyfus 1992), the continuities in his thought are more striking. Throughout his career, Heidegger was concerned with the category of Being, and the way in which it had been passed over by the western philosophical tradition. It is important to note that in Being and time the analysis of Dasein essentially serves as an heuristic: the intention is to move from an understanding of the Being of one kind of being to that of Being in general. What complicates the issue is the very unusual structure of this specific kind of being, for Heidegger did not choose to begin his analysis with the Being of shoes or stones, but with a kind of creature which has a unique relationship with all other worldly entities. ‘Dasein’ serves as a kind of code for ‘human being’ which enables Heidegger to talk about the way in which human beings exist on earth, rather than becoming entangled in biological or psychological definitions of humanity. In this formulations, what is distinctive about human beings is that their own existence is an issue for them; Dasein cares, and this caring is fundamentally temporal.

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