scholarly journals The Evolution of the Chernozems in the Central Part of Russia and their Complex Analysis in Modern Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-122
Author(s):  
Dmitry Ivanovich Shcheglov
Keyword(s):  
Complex Analysis ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Process Factor ◽  
Virgin Land ◽  
Central Regions ◽  
Long Term Forecasting ◽  
Quantitative Changes ◽  
Soil Forming Processes

An increasing anthropogenic impact on soils leads to qualitative and quantitative changes in chernozems, the richest soils on Earth. In this regard, the understanding of modern soil-forming processes is undoubtedly relevant because it will allow predicting the future state of not only soils, but also nature as a whole. The methodology for studying the evolution of chernozems is based on a process-factor analysis of genetically conjugated and agrogenic series of chernozems of different taxonomic levels. The objects of the study were system complexes of soil series, including subtypes of virgin, arable, and irrigated chernozems in the central regions of Russia. The data obtained made it possible to identify patterns of variation in the composition and properties of virgin chernozems in a genetically conjugated series at a subtype level and in the series virgin land – arable land – irrigated arable land; we also detected the processes and factors that determine the nature and direction of changes in the composition and properties of chernozems in the studied series and determined the direction of anthropogenic evolution of chernozems. The main provisions of the work conceptually develop the theory of the chernozem-forming process and serve as a theoretical basis for the development of models for the formation of the chernozem profile. Established quantitative and qualitative indicators of humus profiles of chernozems are important diagnostic features in the classification of these soils. The nature and direction of the chernozem evolution disclosed in the work can serve as the basis for long-term forecasting of the state of these soils and the development of a set of measures for their rational use and protection.’’

Analysis of Causes of Defects Appearance in Wire Drawing

2020 ◽  
Vol 405 ◽  
pp. 217-222
Author(s):  
Jiří Švejcar ◽  
Martin Juliš ◽  
Lenka Klakurková ◽  
Pavel Gejdoš ◽  
Tomáš Zikmund
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Computerized Tomography ◽  
Intermediate Product ◽  
Complex Analysis ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Hardness Measurement ◽  
Wire Drawing ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Fine Grain

In the manufacture of wires designed for the welding of low-alloy fine-grain steels, multiple internal discontinuities appear during some periods that are the cause of major failures (cracking) of the wires. To establish the causes of this phenomenon, a complex analysis was performed making use of light and electron microscopy, metallography, microfractography, computerized tomography and hardness measurement. The analysis revealed that wire cracking in course of wire drawing was due to the superposition of the effects of an inappropriate structure of the initial intermediate product (the presence of polyhedral grains of hard bainitic phase) and unsuitable conditions of the forming process.

scholarly journals RESTORATION OF MAIN FOREST FORMING SPECIES AND LIGHT REGIME IN FOREST BELTS OF STONE STEPPE

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 62-72
Author(s):  
Nataliya Rybalkina ◽  
Vladimir Tunyakin ◽  
Aleksandr Popov ◽  
Leonid Shenshin
Keyword(s):  
Global Climate ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Forest Edges ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Central Chernozem Region ◽  
Forest Belts ◽  
Protective Forest ◽  
Central Chernozem

With an increase in the anthropogenic load on agricultural landscapes and global climate change, the role of not only the forests of Russia, but also artificially created, man-made forest stands, especially systems of protective stands, is growing. The system of forest belts of the Stone Steppe consists of forest strips of different ages, species composition and width. The oldest stands are 126 years old, the youngest are 28 years old. After the drought of 2010, the death of birch, poplar and partially ash began in many forest belts of the southeast of the Central Chernozem region. Forest strips of the Stone-Steppe system were not an exception. The death of birch and poplar occurred not only in old plantings, but also in middle-aged ones. It is necessary to know their renewable potential to restore the protective functions of forest strips. Old-age forest belts have suffered more from drought. Therefore the article is devoted to the study of the main reserve of renewable potential - the presence of reliable undergrowth and the conditions of its existence under the canopy of the parent forest stand of forest belts aged 62 to 120 years. The article touches upon the concept of a new direction in agroforestry: the mechanism of spatial expansion of protective forest belts on arable land due to the appearance of forest edges consisting of maple and the role of forest edges in the forest-forming process of man-made strip stands have been shown

scholarly journals IDENTIFICATION OF DIFFERENCES IN MICROBIOMES OF TYPICAL CHERNOZEM IN RUSSIA (ARABLE LAND AND VIRGIN LAND)

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Alexandrovna Gorbacheva ◽  
◽  
Nikolay Andreevich Tchurikov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Arable Land ◽  
Typical Chernozem ◽  
Virgin Land

scholarly journals The study of plants and embryozem soils on the technogenic dumps aimed to the improvement of the monitoring and remediation in industrial zones

2021 ◽  
Vol 908 (1) ◽  
pp. 012040
Author(s):  
G S Tupikova ◽  
O V Shergina ◽  
I N Egorova ◽  
Yu S Tupitsyna
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Nature Management ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Irkutsk Region ◽  
Formation Type ◽  
Soil Forming Processes ◽  
Industrial Zones ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract In the soil cover of technogenic territories (Usolye-Sibirskoye, Irkutsk Region, Eastern Siberia, Russia) the initial, organo-accumulative, soddy, and humus-accumulative embryozems were identified. The period of soil formation was established: from 20 years (organo-accumulative) to 40 years (humus-accumulative embryozems). The relationship between regenerative successions of vegetation and stages of the soil-forming process was found. Each stage of post-technogenic soil formation (type of embryozem) corresponds to a certain type of plant communities possessing a clear discrepancy in the species composition. The first stage is represented by plant communities comprising few ruderal species on the initial embryozem. The more advanced stage is characterized by complex communities consisting of grasses, shrubs, and trees on the humus-accumulative soil. It has been shown that the humus content determines the degree of natural restoration of biocenotic functions in the post-technogenic ecosystem. Plants-concentrators that can be effectively used in phytoextraction of metals for decontamination of embryozems have been studied. Natural renewal of vegetation and the development of soil-forming processes serve as the best option for the rational use of nature management in comparison with the artificial restoration of natural landscapes in technogenic territories.

scholarly journals Subtype features of humus dynamics in chernozems of the center of the Russian Plain under conditions of long-term agricultural use

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.I. Gromovik ◽  
◽  
N.S. Gorbunova ◽  
I.V. Cherepukhina ◽  
Yu.Yu. Khatuntseva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Humus Content ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Russian Plain ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Arable Soils ◽  
Virgin Land ◽  
Agricultural Use ◽  
High Level

The long-term dynamics of the humus content and reserves in the forest-steppe and steppe chernozems of the center of the Russian Plain was studied in a series: virgin land - perennial arable land. To the greatest extent, the transformation of the humus profile of chernozems as a result of plowing is manifested in its upper part. The depth of transformation spread reaches approximately 80-90 cm. In the series of subtypes: podzolic - leached - typical - ordinary chernozems, there are differences in the amount of humus lost. Long-term plowing of these soils leads to the humus content decrease. Therefore, real (t/ha) and apparent (%) humus losses in soils during their long- term plowing can differ significantly. The greatest losses of humus were recorded in leached chernozems – 15 t/ha. In podzolic and ordinary chernozems, the loss of humus reserves was approximately the same and amounted to 13 and 14 t/ha, respectively. Typical arable soils, as a rule, contain 15 t/ha fewer humus reserves than virgin soil. The humus level of chernozems varies significantly in the first years of use, then it stabilizes at a fairly high level according to the new regime of matter and energy circulation in agrocenoses. An objective assessment of changes in the main indicators of the humus state of chernozems during their long-term agricultural use should be carried out not by the percentage of humus but by its reserves, taking into account the corresponding values of the equilibrium addition density.

scholarly journals ВЛИЯНИЕ ЛЕСНЫХ ПОЖАРОВ НА ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ ПРОФИЛЯ ПОДЗОЛОВ

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
М.А. Надпорожская ◽  
Б.А. Павлов ◽  
Д.М. Мирин ◽  
К.Л. Якконен ◽  
А.М. Седова
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fires ◽  
Quartz Sand ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Alkaline Earth ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Alkaline Earth Metals ◽  
Pine Forests ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Aluminum Compounds ◽  
Soil Forming Processes

In recent years, the number and intensity of forest fires has increased and thus more attention is paid to studying the pyrogenic soils. Parameters under study include, the post-fire return of phosphorus, alkali and alkaline earth metals, etc. from burnt plants and forest floor to the soil, but the related dynamics of iron and aluminum compounds has been poorly studied. However, these two elements are crucial for soil-forming processes and the productivity of many soils, in particular of the podzols under the most fire-hazardous pine forests in dry habitats. The present analysis comparative geographic is based on literature and original data related to podzols on quartz sand, in which the eluvial-illuvial distribution of sesquioxide compounds along its profile is one of important diagnostic features. An increase in the frequency of forest fires disrupts the bio-pedogenic accumulation of R2O3 in podzol profile. It is suggested that sorption on charcoal and detritus does not compensate for the removal of iron and aluminum from the podzol profile. The problems of taxonomy of post-pyrogenic soils are discussed.

scholarly journals Morphogenetic diagnosis of developmental changes of Sea arrowgrass fruit (Triglochin maritima L.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-55
Author(s):  
Cezary Toma ◽  
Andrew N. Efremov ◽  
Wioleta Josefowska
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Developmental Changes ◽  
Morphological Development ◽  
Image Analyzer ◽  
Ripe Fruit ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Quantitative Changes ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract The aim of the study was to investigate the morphogenesis of particular developmental stages of T. maritima fruits; from the stage of the bud to the ripe fruit with the use of a scanning electron microscope (SEM), to learn about the morphology and anatomy of ripe fruit, find new diagnostic features of the fruits and verify T. maritima. fruit diagnosis. An optic microscope and Met - Ilo 8 image analyzer were used in the research. In the final part of the research, the occurrence of two diagnostic features was confirmed and seven new diagnostic features of ripe T. maritima fruit were demonstrated. The morphological development of T. maritima fruits is characterized by significant qualitative and quantitative changes of diagnostic value. The range of the changes in the size of T. maritima generative structures is well characterized by the data obtained from the image analyzer. T. maritima fruit diagnosis: dry, indehiscent achene partly syncarpic.

scholarly journals BASIC CONSTRUCTION PRINCIPLES FOR MULTI-FUNCTIONAL HYDRO AGROLANDSCAPE SYSTEMS

REPORTS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (334) ◽  
pp. 115-123
Author(s):  
Zh.S. Mustafayev ◽  
◽  
A.A. Sagaev ◽  
Y.N. Alimbaev ◽  
V.V. Pchelkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Knowledge Integration ◽  
Agricultural Landscape ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Soil Forming Processes

Based on the principles of natural analogies, the necessary diversity, the ability of soil formation and the integration of knowledge, multifunctional hydroagrolandscape systems have been developed, including multifunctional systems (crop rotation fields and irrigation technique), which ensure the fulfillment of the ecological and economic functions of the soils of hydroagrolandscape systems. Multifunctional hydro-agrolandscape systems for the purposeful regulation of the soil-forming process on irrigated crop rotation fields by designing crop rotation and an irrigation system on irrigated lands (hydro-agricultural landscape system) with the linkage of agricultural crops to irrigation equipment and technology, which move along with agricultural crops according to the rotational scheme, adopted in the crop rotation, ensure the maximum possible use of solar energy for the soil-forming process in specific natural and climatic conditions. The environment-forming functions of a multifunctional hydro-agrolandscape system are provided on the basis of the use of integral criteria to ensure the agroecological sustainability of irrigated crop rotations (hydroagrolandscapes), taking into account geoecological restrictions, that is, the weighted average irrigation rate (water demand deficit) of agricultural crops in the crop rotation should not exceed the deficit of the ecological water requirement of agricultural land systems. Thus, the design of highly productive hydrolandscape systems requires ensuring compliance with not only the principles of the necessary diversity and natural analogies, based on the creation of se-rotations with mobile irrigation techniques to control and regulate soil-forming processes, that is, the soil as an object of influence (reclamation) performing an ecological function , and agricultural crops as a subject perform an economic function, requires the need, on the basis of the principle of knowledge integration, to form ways of regulating the natural process that provide targeted regulation and control of soil-forming processes as environment-forming systems.

Expression of laminin and beta-1 integrin in embryonic, neonatal, and adult rat heart

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 182-183
Author(s):  
R.L. Price ◽  
T.K. Borg ◽  
L. Terracio ◽  
M. Nakagawa
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Expression ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
Cytoplasmic Face ◽  
Extracellular Matrix Components ◽  
Basement Membrane Component ◽  
Beta 1 Integrin ◽  
Quantitative Changes ◽  
Cytoskeletal Elements ◽  
External Face

Little is known about the temporal expression of extracellular matrix components (ECM) and its receptors during development of the heart. Recent reports have shown that ECM components undergo both qualitative and quantitative changes during development, and it is believed that ECM components are important in the regulation of cell migration and cell:cell and cell:ECM recognition and adhesion.Integrins are transmembrane glycoproteins which bind several ECM components on their external face and cytoskeletal elements on the cytoplasmic face. Laminin is a basement membrane component which has been recognized as an important site for cell adhesion. Both the integrins and laminin are expressed early in development and continue to be expressed in the adult heart. With their documented roles in cell recognition, and cell:cell and cell:ECM migration and adhesion these proteins appear to be important components in development of the heart, and their temporal expression may play a pivotal role in morphogenesis and myofibrillogenesis of the heart.

The Potentials of Scanning Microscopy

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 352-353
Author(s):  
A. V. Crewe
Keyword(s):  
Salient Feature ◽  
Secondary Emission ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Scanning Microscope ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Additional Tool ◽  
Detection Systems ◽  
Conventional Microscope ◽  
Present Information

If the resolving power of a scanning electron microscope can be improved until it is comparable to that of a conventional microscope, it would serve as a valuable additional tool in many investigations.The salient feature of scanning microscopes is that the image-forming process takes place before the electrons strike the specimen. This means that several different detection systems can be employed in order to present information about the specimen. In our own particular work we have concentrated on the use of energy loss information in the beam which is transmitted through the specimen, but there are also numerous other possibilities (such as secondary emission, generation of X-rays, and cathode luminescence).Another difference between the pictures one would obtain from the scanning microscope and those obtained from a conventional microscope is that the diffraction phenomena are totally different. The only diffraction phenomena which would be seen in the scanning microscope are those which exist in the beam itself, and not those produced by the specimen.

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