scholarly journals Pharmacological Studies on Dregea Volubilis and Derris Trifoliate – The Medicinal Plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 04 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
Willy J. Shah ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Organic Solvent ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Fine Powder ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Hot Air ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Pharmacological Studies ◽  
Solvent Optimization

The present work aims to study the pharmacological studies such as physico-chemical and phytochemical screening on Dregea volubilis and Derris trifoliate. The samples were collected, washed, dried in hot air oven and were grinded to form fine powder. Both the powders were subjected to various physic-chemical tests such as ash value, water soluble ash, acid insoluble ash and loss on drying. Solvent optimization was carried out and it was found that water and organic solvent Methanol showed best extractive values. Further Methanolic extract was subjected to phytochemical screening which showed the presence of carbohydrates, alkaloid, flavonoids, tannins and phenols were present in both the plants. Saponins were only present in Dregea volubilis plant powder.

scholarly journals A Study of the Physico-Chemical and Phytochemical Parameters of Leaves of Mallotus rhamnifolius

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Loganathan V. ◽  
Devi Kaniakumari M ◽  
Selvakumar P.
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Solvent Extraction ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Physico Chemical

India being a rich and varied collection of medicinal plants since the Vedic age. The present study deals with the phytochemical screening of Mallotus rhamnifolius leaves of extraction belonging to family Euphorbiaceae. This study includes preparedness of different extracts by successive solvent extraction of varying polarity of Petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and Ethanol: water (95:5) extracts for detailed analysis. Phytochemical screening determinate by some chemical tests study was carried out for different solvent extracts. Phytochemical screening reflects existence of alkaloids, glycosides, saponins, phenolic compounds, tannins, phytosterols, carbohydrates, proteins, amino acids, flavanoids, quinones and terpenoids which may be responsible for their therapeutic effects. Different physicochemical parameters such as Loss on drying, Total ash, Acid insoluble ash and Water soluble ash were carried out as per WHO recommended physicochemical determinations and authentic phytochemical procedures. The results obtained in present study indicated Mallotus rhamnifolius leaves as a rich source of medicinally compounds and provides evidences that solvent extracts of Mallotus rhamnifolius contains medicinally important bioactive compounds and this justifies the use of plant species as medicine for treatment of various diseases.

scholarly journals Pharmacognostical, Physico-Chemical and Preliminary Phytochemical Analysis of Whole Plant of Piper Longum L.

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 440-449
Author(s):  
Fathima Suman P ◽  
Minhaj . ◽  
I Arthi
Keyword(s):  
Water Soluble ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Plant Identification ◽  
Piper Longum ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Physicochemical Evaluation ◽  
Physicochemical Constants

This study deals with the Pharmacognostical physicochemical and phytochemical evaluation of the whole plant of Piper longum L. Pharmacognostical studies include macroscopic, microscopic and physicochemical evaluation. Physicochemical constants showed the values of total ash (10.8%), acid insoluble ash (1.3%), water soluble ash (3.2%), sulphated ash (12%), nitrated ash (1.85%), hot extraction (11.2%), water soluble extractive (4.8%), ethanol soluble extractive (12.4%), ether soluble extractive (5.6%), loss on drying (29%), swelling index (0.33) and mucilage content (0.8%) w/w. The preliminary phytochemical screening of the alcoholic extract showed presents of alkaloids, phenolic compounds, tannins, mucilage, starch, steroid and flavonoids. This study helps to development of different standard parameters of the plant which help the plant identification and authentication. Keywords: Piper longum L., Whole plant, Pharmacognostic, Phytochemical, Extract.

Standardization and Phytochemical screening of Carica papaya seeds

2021 ◽  
pp. 4540-4546
Author(s):  
Varsha Singh ◽  
Aleza Rizvi ◽  
Udaivir Singh Sara
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Correct Identification ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Hexane Extracts ◽  
Phytochemical Studies

The present work focus to evaluate the physicochemical and preliminary phytochemical studies on the seeds of family Caricaceae. The plants resources which are used in pharmaceutical formulation standardization was carried out on the basis of organoleptic properties, physical characteristics, and physico-chemical properties. Different Physicochemical parameters ash values, extractive values, loss on drying, foreign matter, fluorescence analysis, and pH were evaluated. Macroscopical characteristics and Physicochemical parameters like total ash, acid insoluble ash and water soluble ash were found to be 83.7%, 71.7% and 61.5% w/w respectively. Hexane, ethyl acetate, ethanol and water soluble extractive values (hot)were 7.6%, 11.6%, 27.4%, 37.5%w/w respectively. The pH of 1% and 10% aqueous solution was found to be 3.57 and 3.78 respectively. Preliminary phytochemical screening showed the presence of Tannins, Proteins and amino acids, Glycosides, Phenolic compounds, Carbohydrates, Saponins, Alkaloids and Flavonoids. Thin layer chromatographic studies also had been done on ethanolic and hexane extracts. HPTLC fingerprinting is a valuable method for the quantitative determination of phytochemicals present in plant extract. These studies aim to investigating referential information for correct identification and standardization of this plant secondary metabolites.

scholarly journals Pharmacognostic and Taxonomic Studies of Cola parchycarpa K. Schum. (Malvaceae)

2020 ◽  
pp. 33-45
Author(s):  
Imoh I. Johnny ◽  
Margret E. Bassey
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Abaxial Surface ◽  
Margin Entire ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Fluorescence Characteristics ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Taxonomic Studies

C. pachycarpa is a lesser-known member of the genus Cola in the family Malvaceae. In Nigeria its fruits are edible but with non-edible seeds as the general Cola ‘Kolanut” This study is carried out to evaluate the taxonomic and pharmacognostic characters of Cola pachycarpa K. Schum. for its identification, authentication and standardization. The pharmacognostic and taxonomic characters were determined from macroscopy, microscopy, petiole anatomy, powder microscopy, chemomicroscopy, micromeritic properties, ash values, extractive values, fluorescence analysis and phytochemical screening using standard methods. The leaves of C. pachycarpa were alternate, petiolate, compound and trifoliate. Petioles were within 45-50 cm long, leaflets 20-38 cm long, 10-19 cm wide, the middle leaflet were often longer than others. Leaflets were short petiolulate to subsessile, leaflet shape was elliptic, apex acuminate, margin entire and texture hairy on the abaxial surface of the leaflet with brown caducuous hairs on the abaxial surface only. Stem was erect, woody and scabrid about 4-10 cm in diameter. The fruit was 15 cm long and 7 cm wide with about 3-5 seeds occurring in a pod. Preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoid, saponins, tannins and cardiac glycosides but anthraquinone was absent for the leaf while all were present except alkaloid, cardiac glycoside and anthraquinone in the stem. Epidermal cells were polygonal with straight anticlinal walls. Drusiferous crystals were observed on the petioles. Leaflets were hypostomatic with anisocytic stomata and stellate trichomes on the abaxial surface. The chemomicroscopic study revealed the presence of lignin, starch, cellulose, oils, calcium oxalate crystals, mucilage and protein for both leaf and stem. The fluorescence characteristics showed the presence of different colours supporting the presence of various phytoconstituents for both leaf and stem. The flow properties for both leaf and stem were fair and passable with the angle of repose of 35° and 45°respectively. The quantitative epidermal studies, chemomicroscopic and fluorescence characteristics revealed characteristic features for the drug. The physico-chemical results for leaf and stem gave total ash of 8.24% and 11.5%, water soluble ash of 3.71% and 3.20%, acid-insoluble ash of 0.99% and 4.33% and moisture content of 10.58% and 4.33%, water-soluble extractive of 12.50 % and 9.40%, ethanol-soluble extractive of 9.10% and 2.90%, methanol-soluble extractive of 8.00 % and 2.30% and ethyl-acetate acetate-soluble extractive of 2.00% and 0.50% respectively. The findings of the research will help in the identification and authentication of the plant as well as establishing standards for quality, purity, safety, efficacy and reproducibility in phytomedicine.

Pharmacognostic and Phytochemical Evaluation of Trichosanthes dioica (R.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nitin Kumar ◽  
Girendra Gautam ◽  
Anurag Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
Drug Research ◽  
Outer Wall ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Innermost Layer ◽  
Chemical Studies ◽  
Trichosanthes Dioica ◽  
Endodermal Layer

Trichosanthes dioica seeds are mentioned in various traditional texts as a drug used for vermicidal anthelmintic, insecticidal, sedative, diuretic, demulcent, and expectorant purpose ethnopharmacologically. The studies were taken up to evaluate pharmacognostic, physicochemical and phytochemical standard for Trichosanthes dioica seeds. The objective of present study is to evaluate the morphological, microscopical, phytochemical and physicochemical properties of various bioactive compounds present in Trichosanthes dioica seeds. Preliminary phytochemical screening was done and HPTLC studies were carried out. CAMAG HPTLC system equipped with Linomat V applicator, TLC scanner, and WIN CATS-4 software were used. The microscopical studies of T. dioica seeds have showed mucilaginous epidermis made up of long thin trichomes, Innermost layer of parenchyma cells and sclerotic endodermal layer. Testa is 17-23 cells thick on the sides on the seeds. Exotesta: a layer shortly columnar pulpy cells, much elongate on the sides of micropyle thin walled but with fine fibrillar thickenings (not lignified) on the radial and inner wall, the outer wall thickened and slightly lignified, first filled with starch grains. Physico-chemical studies of T. dioica seeds have set the some standard i.e. Ether soluble extractive value 16.15%w/w, alcohol soluble extractive value 10.11% w/w, water soluble extractive value 9.22% w/w, Total Ash value 6.21 w/w, acid insoluble ash value 1.32% w/w, water soluble ash value 4.29% and loss on drying 24.33% w/w etc. were found out. Preliminary phytochemical screening was done then TLC and HPTLC studies were carried out. All the findings will be useful towards establishing pharmacognostic standards on identification, purity, quality and classification of the plant, which is gaining relevance in plant drug research for the identification and preparation of monograph of plant.

Neuropharmacological Profile and Chemical Analysis of Moroccan Ormenis mixta L.

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (S1) ◽  
pp. S55-S64
Author(s):  
G. Hajjaj ◽  
A. Bahlouli ◽  
M. Tajani ◽  
K. Alaoui ◽  
Y. Cherrah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Behavioral Tests ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Activity Profile ◽  
Acute Toxicity Study ◽  
Pharmacological Studies

Ormenis mixta L. is traditionally used for central nervous system (CNS)-related diseases. Its anti-stress properties have received attention in Moroccan traditional medicine and aromatherapy. However, no pharmacological studies have yet been undertaken on this plant in Morocco. The present study provides a preliminary phytochemical screening and psychopharmacological profile of the essential oil and aqueous extract from Ormenis mixta L. by using behavioral tests in vivo, at graded doses. The result of this research shows that Ormenis mixta L. was safe up to 2 g/kg b.w. (body weight) in the acute toxicity study, possesses potential psychostimulant effect, and has antianxiety and antidepressant-like activity. This activity profile of Ormenis mixta L. was similar to the typical psychostimulant, caffeine. The exact mechanism of action underlying this stimulant-like effect should be clarified with further detailed studies. These results explained the extensive use of Ormenis mixta L. as a traditional medicine in Morocco.

Amorphous and Crystalline Particulates: Challenges and Perspectives in Drug Delivery

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 350-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hisham Al-Obaidi ◽  
Mridul Majumder ◽  
Fiza Bari
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Engineering ◽  
Drug Carrier ◽  
Solid Dispersions ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Pharmaceutical Product ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Amorphous Form ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Water Soluble Drugs ◽  
Amorphous Drug

Crystalline and amorphous dispersions have been the focus of academic and industrial research due to their potential role in formulating poorly water-soluble drugs. This review looks at the progress made starting with crystalline carriers in the form of eutectics moving towards more complex crystalline mixtures. It also covers using glassy polymers to maintain the drug as amorphous exhibiting higher energy and entropy. However, the amorphous form tends to recrystallize on storage, which limits the benefits of this approach. Specific interactions between the drug and the polymer may retard this spontaneous conversion of the amorphous drug. Some studies have shown that it is possible to maintain the drug in the amorphous form for extended periods of time. For the drug and the polymer to form a stable mixture they have to be miscible on a molecular basis. Another form of solid dispersions is pharmaceutical co-crystals, for which research has focused on understanding the chemistry, crystal engineering and physico-chemical properties. USFDA has issued a guidance in April 2013 suggesting that the co-crystals as a pharmaceutical product may be a reality; but just not yet! While some of the research is still oriented towards application of these carriers, understanding the mechanism by which drug-carrier miscibility occurs is also covered. Within this context is the use of thermodynamic models such as Flory-Huggins model with some examples of studies used to predict miscibility.

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