scholarly journals Manipulación de los condicionantes de la tarea en Educación Física: Una propuesta desde la pedagogía no lineal (Manipulation constraints of the task in Physical Education: A proposal from nonlinear pedagogy)

Retos ◽  
2015 ◽  
pp. 22-27
Author(s):  
Alexander Gil Arias ◽  
M. Perla Moreno Arroyo ◽  
Fernando Claver Rabaz ◽  
Alberto Moreno Domínguez ◽  
Fernando Del Villar Álvarez
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Assessment Instrument ◽  
Assessment Procedure ◽  
Systematic Observation ◽  
Task Constraints ◽  
Toma De Decisiones ◽  
Game Performance

El objetivo del estudio fue analizar el efecto de manipulación de diferentes condicionantes de la tarea sobre la toma de decisiones y la eficacia de la acción de ataque en voleibol. Se planteó un diseño pre-experimental en el que participaron 22 alumnos de Educación Física con una edad comprendida entre los 12 y 13 años. La variable independiente fue un programa de intervención aplicado durante las 9 sesiones de una Unidad Didáctica, la cual fue diseñada en base a los principios metodológicos de la pedagogía no lineal, centrándose fundamentalmente en manipular condicionantes de la tarea, tales como, espacio de juego, altura de la red y número de participantes. Las variables dependientes fueron la toma de decisiones y la eficacia en la acción de ataque. Ambas variables fueron evaluadas a partir de la observación sistemática, utilizando el “Game Performance Assesment Instrument” (GPAI) (Oslin, Mitchell, & Griffin, 1998) para la toma de decisiones y el “Team Sports Assesment Procedure” (TSAP) (Gréhaigne et al., 1997) para la eficacia de la acción de ataque. Los resultados del estudio determinaron que todos los participantes manifestaron una mejora significativa, tanto en la toma de decisiones como en la eficacia entre la medida pre-test y pos-test. Respecto a estos resultados, el profesor de Educación Física, con el propósito de hacer progresar a los alumnos en su competencia táctica, debe diseñar tareas motrices que sean representativas del juego real y cuya complejidad táctica sea adaptada al nivel de aprendizaje de los discentes.Abstract. The aim of the study was to analyze the effect of manipulating different task constraints, such as play space, net height and number of participants on decision-making and efficacy in the attack action in volleyball. A pre-experimental design, in which 22 students aged between 12 and 13 years participated, was implemented. The independent variable was an intervention program applied during the 9 sessions of a teaching unit, which was designed based on the methodological principles of nonlinear pedagogy, focusing primarily on manipulating the different task constraints referred to above. The dependent variables were the decision-making and the efficacy in the attack action. Both variables were evaluated through the systematic observation of the game action, using the Game Performance Assessment Instrument (GPAI; Oslin, Mitchell, & Griffin, 1998) for decision-making and the Team Sports Assessment Procedure (TSAP; Gréhaigne et al., 1997) for the efficacy of the attack action. The results of the study showed that all participants improved both decision making and efficacy between the pre-test and post-test measures. Regarding these results, Physical Education teachers, with the purpose of advancing students in the tactical competence, should design tasks representative of the game and with a tactical complexity adapted to the learning level of the students.

Exploring Game Performance and Game Involvement: Effects of a Sport Education Season and a Combined Sport Education—Teaching Games for Understanding Unit

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Eva Guijarro ◽  
Ann MacPhail ◽  
Natalia María Arias-Palencia ◽  
Sixto González-Víllora
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Assessment Instrument ◽  
Sport Education ◽  
Systematic Observation ◽  
Teaching Games For Understanding ◽  
Fifth Grade Students ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Combined Models ◽  
Game Performance

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to establish any difference in terms of game performance and game involvement using Sport Education (SE) or a combined use of SE and Teaching Games for Understanding (TGfU). In a bid to facilitate future implementation of these models, the study provides a rich description of the pedagogies arising during both interventions. Method: The participants were 85 fourth- and fifth-grade students (aged 9–11) from four physical education classes within one elementary school. The content was a 15-lesson season of basketball taught through the principles of SE or a combined use of SE and TGfU. The game performance assessment instrument was used in a systematic observation of video recordings of students’ game behavior. Results: In terms of decision making, support, overall game performance, and game involvement, a combined use of SE and TGfU unit overtakes the scores in SE. Conclusions: There is evidence that supporting the use of combined models in the physical education context can improve students’ game performance and game involvement.

scholarly journals Combining Physical Education and unstructured practice during school recess to improve the students’ decision-making and execution (Combinando las clases de Educación Física con práctica no estructurada durante los recreos para aumentar la toma de decisi

Retos ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 502-511
Author(s):  
Alba Práxedes ◽  
Rafael González ◽  
Fernando Del Villar ◽  
Alexander Gil-Arias
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Evaluation Tool ◽  
Systematic Observation ◽  
Teaching Games For Understanding ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Toma De Decisiones ◽  
School Recess ◽  
Experimental Group

  The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of a unit of basketball based on Teaching Games for Understanding model combined with a program of unstructured practice based on small-sided games (experimental group), in comparison to the only application of the unit (control group), on the decision-making and execution in Physical Education students. Participants were 31 students with ages between 12 and 14. The intervention was conducted over four weeks, developing eight PE lessons and eight school recess to unstructured practice. The decision-making and the execution of the pass action were measured by systematic observation, using the Game Performance Evaluation Tool instrument. Results showed in the experimental group, significantly higher values in post-test with respect to pre-test, in both variables (decison-making, p = .001; execution, p = .024). Regarding to the control group, these differences were found only in the decision-making (p = .021). Findings demonstrated that the joined application of a unit with unstructured practise is more effective to improve decision-making and skill execution that if students are expose only in the Physical Education lessons. Therefore, we recommend teachers promote opportunities to students to have experiences in school recess.  Resumen: El propósito de este estudio fue analizar el efecto de una Unidad Didáctica de baloncesto basada en el modelo Enseñanza de los Juegos a través de la Comprensión, combinada con un programa de práctica no estructurada basado en juegos modificados (grupo experimental), en comparación con la aplicación únicamente de la Unidad Didáctica (grupo control), en la toma de decisiones y la ejecución en alumnos de Educación Física. Participaron 31 alumnos con edades entre 12 y 14 años. La intervención se realizó durante cuatro semanas, desarrollándose ocho clases de Educación Física y ocho recreos para la práctica no estructurada. La toma de decisiones y la ejecución fueron medidas a través de observación sistemática, usando el Instrumento de Evaluación del Rendimiento en el Juego. Los resultados mostraron en el grupo experimental, valores significativamente más altos en la evaluación final con respecto a la inicial, en ambas variables (toma de decisiones, p = .001; ejecución, p = .024).. Con respecto al grupo control, estas diferencias se encontraron solo en la toma de decisiones (p = .021). Los resultados demostraron que la aplicación conjunta de una Unidad Didáctica con práctica no estructurada es más efectiva para mejorar tanto la toma de decisiones como la ejecución de las habilidades, en vez de exponer a los alumnos solo a las clases de Educación Física. Por tanto, se recomienda que los profesores promuevan oportunidades de práctica en los recreos para los alumnos.

scholarly journals Contributions of the GPET to the GPAI: tactical context adaptation and game behaviour (Contribuciones del GPET al GPAI: adaptación al contexto táctico y comportamiento de juego)

Retos ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 323-328
Author(s):  
Luis Miguel García López ◽  
David Gutiérrez Diaz del Campo
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Performance Assessment ◽  
Assessment Instrument ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Evaluation Tool ◽  
Context Adaptation ◽  
Game Situation ◽  
Toma De Decisiones ◽  
Game Performance

Abstract. The Game Performance Evaluation Tool (GPET) is an instrument that allows us to obtain information about the student's decision-making process during their participation in games. The usual instruments reflect the final result of student's decision. However, the GPET offers an analysis of the context in which the decision has been made, and allows teachers to establish a certain degree of quality in the decision taken. Thus, the GPET helps us to distinguish in the decision-making process, not only "what has been done" from "what should have been done" in a specific game situation (Gutiérrez, González, García-López, Mitchell, 2011), but also it gives us information about the player's adaptation to the tactical context in which he/she is involved during game play. According Godbout (1990), this adaptation to the tactical context describes the decisional process, rather than the result. Given that the GPET is an instrument initially designed for research, in this article we present how to take advantage of the GPET novelties, applying them in an instrument with a clear teaching orientation, such as the Game Performance Assessment Instrument (GPAI) (Mitchell, Oslin and Griffin, 2013).Resumen. El Game Performance Evaluation Tool (GPET, en español Herramienta de Evaluación del Rendimiento de Juego), es un instrumento que nos permite obtener información sobre el proceso de toma de decisiones del alumno durante su participación en los juegos deportivos. Los instrumentos habituales reflejan el resultado final de la decisión del alumno. Sin embargo, el GPET hace un análisis del contexto en el que se ha tomado la decisión, y permite que el docente pueda establecer cierta gradación en la calidad de la decisión tomada. Así, el GPET nos ayuda a distinguir en la toma de decisiones no sólo “qué se ha hecho” de “qué se debería haber hecho” en una situación concreta de juego (Gutiérrrez, González, García-López, Mitchell, 2011), sino también nos aporta información de la adaptación del jugador al contexto táctico en el que se encuentra. Dicha adaptación, de acuerdo con Godbout (1990), nos describe el proceso decisional, más que el resultado. En este artículo presentamos como aprovechar las novedades del GPET, que es un instrumento inicialmente diseñado para el ámbito de la investigación, aplicándolas en un instrumento con una orientación claramente docente, como es el Game Performance Assessment Instrument (GPAI, en español Instrumento de Evaluación del Rendimiento de Juego, de Mitchell, Oslin y Griffin, 2013).

scholarly journals The effect of balanced versus unbalanced football small-sided games on decision-making in youth football players (El efecto de los juegos reducidos de fútbol equilibrado versus desequilibrado en la toma de decisiones de los jugadores de fútbol Juvenil (Th

Retos ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 744-749
Author(s):  
Honorato José Sousa ◽  
Élvio Rúbio Gouveia ◽  
Adilson Marques ◽  
Hugo Sarmento ◽  
Helder Lopes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Performance Assessment ◽  
Assessment Instrument ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Median Score ◽  
Play Area ◽  
Youth Football ◽  
Toma De Decisiones ◽  
Game Performance

Decision-making (DM) is an important ability targeted in the formation of young football players that can improve by using small-sided games (SSGs). The main purpose of this study was to assess players’ DM in different balanced and unbalanced SSG formats keeping the play area constant. The sample was composed of 10 field players plus 2 goalkeepers (13.55±0.51 years). This study consisted of 3 sessions, one day for each session, with an interval of 48 hours apart between sessions. Three different SSG formats (4vs.4; 4vs.5; 4vs.6), in a play area of 40x30 meters, were selected. The outcome was the decision-making index (DMI), assessed with the Game Performance Assessment Instrument (GPAI). Results showed that on two of the three days, there were statistical differences in DMI across the three different SSG formats. In the 4vs.6 format a higher median score than in the 4vs.4 format was recorded on day 2 (U=13.0, z=-2.34, p=.025, r=.57) and day 3 (U=5.50, z=-2.98, p=.003, r=.72). In conclusion, the use of unbalanced SSG formats in the training may benefit DM development, and therefore may constitute an important factor to be considered in the formation of young football players.

Review of the Instruments Most Frequently Employed to Assess Tactics in Physical Education and Youth Sports

2012 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 381-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
José L. Arias ◽  
Francisco Javier Castejón
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Performance Assessment ◽  
Youth Sports ◽  
Team Sport ◽  
Assessment Instrument ◽  
Assessment Instruments ◽  
Assessment Procedure ◽  
Game Performance

Investigators’ increased interest in teaching game tactics requires generalizable assessment instruments that are appropriate to whatever is needed by the tactic. This literature review aims to provide information about the instruments most frequently used to assess tactics in youth sports. We found that very few studies used instruments that fulfilled the criteria required by this review. The most frequently used tool was The Game Performance Assessment Instrument, followed by the Team Sport Assessment Procedure. Some other instruments, labeled Nonhabitual instruments, were only used sporadically. The instruments were mainly used in invasion and net/wall games. Each instrument defined a set of components and indexes to quantify the assessment, but only the Game Performance Assessment Instrument allows the assessment of the attack and the defense both of the player who possesses the ball and the player who does not. Suggestions were proposed for instruments to be used for assessing tactics.

scholarly journals The three-axes model of planning in physical education (El modelo de planificación de tres ejes en Educación Física)

Retos ◽  
2017 ◽  
pp. 313-319
Author(s):  
Jesús Viciana ◽  
Daniel Mayorga-Vega
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Physical Education Teachers ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
High Complexity ◽  
Toma De Decisiones ◽  
Practical Recommendations

The high complexity of planning Physical Education is due to the great quantity of factors that influence its process. Consequently, many doubts appear in the decision-making process of any formational stage of Physical Education teachers. There is a lack of theoretical-practical tools that help teachers to be their own constructors of their curriculum by helping them to design their own proposals, instead of using proposals made by others. The main purpose of this study was to provide Physical Education teachers a theoretical and practical framework, which will guide them in the decisional making process during planning, in order to include in their teaching all the influential factors that need to be taken into account. The three-axes model of planning is discussed as a guide for planning Physical Education, helping teachers through practical recommendations and proposing strategies in each axis in order to prepare an effective Physical Education planning.Resumen. La alta complejidad de la planificación de la Educación Física radica en la gran cantidad de factores que influyen en su proceso. Debido a ello, aparecen numerosas dudas en el proceso de toma de decisiones y en cualquier etapa de formación del docente de Educación Física. En determinados aspectos de la enseñanza como la planificación, existe una falta de herramientas teórico-prácticas que ayuden a los profesores a ser constructores de sus propios currículos, que les ayuden a diseñar sus propias propuestas curriculares y evitar así el uso descontextualizado de propuestas hechas por terceros. El principal propósito de este artículo es proporcionar a los profesores de Educación Física un marco teórico y práctico sobre el que basar y guiar sus decisiones de planificación cuando estén preparando sus currículos específicos, incluyendo así todos los factores influyentes que necesitan tener en cuenta en su enseñanza de la Educación Física. El modelo de tres ejes de la planificación es discutido como una guía para planificar la Educación Física, una ayuda de profesores a través de recomendaciones prácticas, y además propone estrategias en cada eje del modelo para preparar un plan efectivo de Educación Física.

scholarly journals A influência da habilidade técnica na tomada de decisão de jogadores iniciantes de voleibol

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Calábria Lopes ◽  
Raiane Teixeira Magalhães ◽  
Laura Beatriz Faleiro Diniz ◽  
João Paulo Abreu Moreira ◽  
Maicon Rodrigues Albuquerque
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Technical Skills ◽  
Assessment Instrument ◽  
The Other ◽  
Technical Level ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Intermediate Group ◽  
Volleyball Players ◽  
Game Performance ◽  
One Way Anova

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1980-0037.2016v18n3p362 The aim of this study was to verify the influence of the technical skills level on the decision making of novice volleyball players on service, reception and set actions. The sample was composed of 80 novice athletes of school volleyball teams of both sexes. Based on the results from the Volleyball Skills Test Battery, the sample was divided into three groups: low, intermediate and high technical level, by means of One-Way ANOVA. The intermediate group was excluded from further analyses. Decision making was assessed with the Game Performance Assessment Instrument (GPAI). For data analysis purposes, the independent student-t test was used, adopting significance level of p≤0.05. The results showed that players with low skill level in service and set actions also had lower performance on the decision-making test when compared to players with high technical level. On the other hand, in the reception action, no differences were found among groups. It was therefore concluded that the technical level seems to influence the decision making in service and set actions in novice volleyball players.

Use of the managerial abilities by nurses of a ready attendance hospital

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 808
Author(s):  
Leslye Brusamolin ◽  
Juliana Helena Montezeli ◽  
Aida Maris Peres
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Organizational Structure ◽  
Professional Competence ◽  
Formal Structure ◽  
Nursing Administration ◽  
Systematic Observation ◽  
Research Personnel ◽  
Toma De Decisiones ◽  
Recursos Humanos ◽  
Personnel Administration

ABSTRACTObjective: to verify the use of the managerial abilities of six nurses who work in an emergency room of a private hospital in Curitiba. Methodology: descriptive qualitative research developed from August to September of 2008. Data were collected by systematic observation and subjected to thematic analysis, with the following categories: health care, decision making, communication, leadership, administration and management and administration of the time. This study was approved by the Ethics and Research of the Healt Center of the Federal University of Paraná (protocol number 548.085.08.06). Results: the results highlight that the nurses mobilize such abilities daily, that the organizational structure influences the work process and decision making, the formal structure of power is respected and that there is a need of involvement of the team in the decision making process. Conclusion: it was concluded that the influence of organizational structure can help or hinder the decision taking, however, fits to the nurse the continuous development of the managerial abilities with focus in the care for the harmony between the institutional demands and the ethical-legal requirements of the profession. Descriptors:  nursing; nursing in emergency; professional practice; professional competence; practice management; nursing administration research; personnel administration hospital.RESUMOObjetivo: verificar a utilização de competências gerenciais por seis enfermeiros que atuam em um pronto atendimento de um hospital privado de Curitiba. Metodologia: pesquisa qualitativa descritiva desenvolvida de agosto a setembro de 2008. Os dados foram coletados pela observação sistemática e submetidos à análise temática, tendo como categorias: atenção à saúde, tomada de decisão, comunicação, liderança, administração e gerenciamento e a administração do tempo. Este estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa do Setor de Ciências da Saúde da Universidade Federal do Paraná sob protocolo número 548.085.08.06. Resultados: os resultados destacam que os enfermeiros mobilizam tais competências cotidianamente, que a estrutura organizacional influencia o processo de trabalho e tomada de decisões, que a estrutura formal de poder é respeitada e que há a necessidade do envolvimento da equipe no processo decisório. Conclusão: concluiu-se que a influência da estrutura organizacional pode ajudar ou dificultar a tomada de decisão, todavia, cabe ao enfermeiro o desenvolvimento contínuo das competências gerenciais com foco no cuidado para a harmonia entre as demandas institucionais e as exigências ético-legais da profissão Descritores: enfermagem; enfermagem em emergência; prática profissional; competência profissional; gerenciamento da prática profissional; pesquisa em administração de enfermagem; gerência de recursos humanos em hospital.RESUMENObjetivo: verificar el uso de las competencias gerenciales por seis enfermeros que trabajan en una sala de urgencias de un hospital privado en Curitiba. Metodologia: pesquisa cualitativa descriptiva desarrollada de agosto a setiembre de 2008. Los datos fueron colectados por la observación sistemática y sometidos a análisis temático, teniendo como categorías: atención a la salud, toma de decisiones, comunicación, liderazgo, administración y gerencia y administración del tiempo. Este estudio fue aprovado en Comissione de Ética en Pesquisa de la Universidad Federal del Paraná (protocolo número 548.085.08.06). Resultados: los resultados destacan que los enfermeros movilizan tales competencias cotidianamente, que la estructura organizacional influye en el proceso de trabajo y en la toma de decisiones, que la estructura formal de poder es respetada y que hay necesidades de envolver al equipo en el proceso de decisiones. Conclusión: se concluyó que la influencia de la estructura organizacional puede ayudar o dificultar la toma de decisión, y cabe al enfermero el desarrollo continuo de las competencias gerenciales con foco en el cuidado para la armonía entre las demandas institucionales y las exigencias ético legales de la profesión. Descriptores: enfermería; enfermería en emergencia; práctica profesional; competencia profesional; gestión de la práctica profesional; investigación en administración de enfermería; administración de personal en hospitales. 

The effect of manipulating task constraints on game performance in youth field hockey

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 588-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewout A Timmerman ◽  
Damian Farrow ◽  
Geert JP Savelsbergh
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Field Hockey ◽  
Physical Demands ◽  
Task Constraints ◽  
Notational Analysis ◽  
Game Performance ◽  
Insight Into

The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of manipulating game constraints on match performance in youth field hockey. A total of 25 participants aged 10.6–14.6 years old played four different 25-min games where density (228 m2 or 158 m2 per player) and/or number of players (11 per side or 8 per side) was manipulated. Match performance was determined by using notational analysis and physical demands were determined by using GPS analyses. Manipulating the number of players led to an increase in a successful passes (+2.68 passes), skilled actions (+3.73 skilled actions) and successful actions (+3.77 successful actions) performed per player and also created a more advantageous environment to enhance decision making. Increasing the density led to a decrease in unsuccessful dribbles (−0.59 unsuccessful dribbles) made by players and an increase in high intensity running (+38 m) and sprinting (+21.2 m). The findings of this study provide an insight into the effect of manipulating task constraints in skilled junior field hockey and the findings highlight that all types of constraints influence emergent performance in their unique way and that coaches should consider these interactions to promote specific playing behaviour.

scholarly journals Effect of Competitive Anxiety on Passing Decision-Making in Under-17 Soccer Players

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo de Sousa Fortes ◽  
Raphaella Christinne Ribeiro de Lima ◽  
Sebastião Sousa Almeida ◽  
Romulo Maia Carlos Fonseca ◽  
Pedro Pinheiro Paes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Test Validity ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Assessment Instrument ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Competitive Anxiety ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Game Situation ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Game Performance

Abstract It is not known if competitive anxiety affects decision-making performance in athletes. This study aimed to analyze the effect of competitive anxiety on passing decision-making in young soccer players. This is a prospective study, whose sample consisted of 40 soccer athletes of the under-17 category. The Portuguese version of the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory (CSAI-2R) was filled out by athletes 45 minutes before the start of a soccer match. Decision-making was evaluated in a real game situation. The analysis and categorization of actions were based on the Game Performance Assessment Instrument. The results showed significant influence of cognitive anxiety (R² =.20; p = .001), somatic anxiety (R² = .45; p = .001) and self-confidence about the passing decision-making index (R² = .31; p = .001). It was concluded that competitive anxiety can be considered an intervening factor in decision-making of the pass of young male soccer players.Keywords: test validity, scaling, elderly, depression

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