Characteristics and effects of physical exercise programs for older cancer survivors: A scoping review (Características y efectos de los programas de ejercicio físico para personas mayores sobrevivientes de cáncer: Una revisión de alcance)

Retos ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 370-385
Author(s):  
Igor Cigarroa ◽  
Estefanía Díaz ◽  
Constanza Ortiz ◽  
Raquel Otero ◽  
Irene Cantarero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Cancer Survivors ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Calidad De Vida

There is a discrepancy about the characteristics and effects of exercise-based programs in older cancer survivors (OCS). Therefore, this scoping review aimed to identify the characteristics and effects of physical activity programs in OCS health. This scoping review followed the PRISMA guidelines and included randomized clinical trials and clinical trials from MEDLINE by PubMed, Scopus, Scielo, and PEDro, published between 2010 and 2020. Results suggest that physical programs were carried out in health centers (54.2%) and were based on physical exercise (74.4%). The length of the exercise interventions was between 3–6 months (87.5%) was performed 2–3 times per week (73.1%) with a duration between 20–60 minutes (78.2%) and was run by health professionals (94.4%). The health outcomes with the most positive effects were physical activity, depression, and quality of life. In conclusion, physical programs for OCS based on aerobic exercises are safe and could be a therapeutic strategy to improve different health markers in OCS.  Resumen. En la literatura existe discrepancia sobre las características y los efectos de los programas basados en el ejercicio físico en sobrevivientes de cáncer (SC) de edad avanzada. Por lo tanto, esta revisión de alcance tuvo como objetivo identificar las características y los efectos de los programas de actividad física en la salud de personas SC de edad avanzada. Esta revisión de ensayos clínicos aleatorizados y ensayos clínicos, se realizó considerando las siguientes bases de datos: MEDLINE (de Pubmed), Scopus, Scielo y PEDro, entre los años 2010 y 2020. Los resultados indican que los programas de ejercicio se realizaron en centros de salud (54.2%), y se basaron en ejercicio físico principalmente (74.4%). La extensión de las intervenciones físicas fue entre 3–6 meses (87.5%), se realizaron 2–3 veces por semana (73.1%) con una duración entre 20–60 minutos, y fueron dirigidas por profesionales de salud (94.4%). El impacto sobre la salud con mayores efectos positivos fueron la actividad física, la depresión y la calidad de vida. En conclusión, los programas de ejercitación física para personas SC en edad avanzada, basados en ejercicios aeróbicos son seguros y podrían ser una estrategia terapéutica para mejorar diferentes variables de salud en este grupo de personas.

scholarly journals Actividad física y sueño en un grupo de tres adolescentes con autismo (Physical activity and sleep in a group of three teenagers with autism)

Retos ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 248-254
Author(s):  
Andrés García Gómez ◽  
Miguel Moratinos Morillo ◽  
Juan Carlos Zambrano Sánchez ◽  
Librado José Cotrina Santano
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Triaxial Accelerometer ◽  
Clear Effect ◽  
Walking Program ◽  
Calidad De Vida ◽  
The Difference

El propósito de este estudio fue comprobar si un aumento en el ejercicio físico podría mejorar el nivel de actividad física promedio y los patrones de sueño en adolescentes con autismo. La actividad física y el patrón de sueño se monitorearon en tres participantes con autismo mediante un acelerómetro triaxial. Los sujetos se sometieron a un programa para aumentar su actividad física a través de caminatas regulares, tres veces por semana durante un mes. Los resultados muestran niveles más altos de actividad física durante los "días de caminata" en comparación con los días sin esa actividad. La diferencia fue estadísticamente significativa y el efecto grande. Los participantes dormían más tiempo en los días con mayor actividad física (incluidos los "días de caminata"). La diferencia fue significativa, pero el efecto fue moderado. El programa de caminatas tuvo un efecto claro sobre el nivel de actividad física de los participantes, acercándolo a las recomendaciones internacionales, con una influencia positiva en su calidad de vida, mejorando su actividad física diaria y el tiempo de sueño.Abstract. The purpose of this study was to find out if an increase in physical exercise could improve the level of average physical activity and sleep patterns in teenagers with autism. Physical activity and sleep pattern were monitored in three participants with autism by a triaxial accelerometer. They joint a programme to increase their physical activity thru regular walks - three times a week during a month. Results shew higher levels of physical activity during the 'walking days' compared the days without that activity. The difference was statistically significant and the effect large. The participants slept more time in the days with increased physical activity (including the ‘walking days’). The difference was significant, but the effect was moderate. The walking program had a clear effect on the level of physical activity in the participants getting them closer to the international recommendations, with positive influence on their quality of life, improving their daily physical activity and sleep.

scholarly journals Multicomponent Physical Exercise in Older Adults after Hospitalization: A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Short- vs. Long-Term Group-Based Interventions

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iñaki Echeverria ◽  
Maria Amasene ◽  
Miriam Urquiza ◽  
Idoia Labayen ◽  
Pilar Anaut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Positive Effects

Multicomponent physical exercise is effective in curbing the effect of hospitalization in older adults. However, it is not well established which characteristics of the exercise interventions would optimize intervention sustainability and efficacy. This study compared the effects of two group-based multicomponent exercise interventions of different lengths in older adults after hospitalization. Fifty-five participants were randomly assigned to a short-term group-based branch (SGB, n = 27) or to a long-term group-based branch (LGB, n = 28). The SGB participated in a six-week multicomponent group-based exercise-training program followed by 18 weeks of home-based exercise. The LGB completed 12 weeks of each phase. Physical function, physical activity, quality of life, anthropometrics, and nutritional status were assessed at baseline, after 12 weeks, and after 24 weeks of intervention. Both groups improved physical function and nutritional status and increased physical activity after 12 weeks of intervention (paired student’s t-test, p < 0.01), and maintained the positive effects during the following 12 weeks. No group-by-time interaction was observed in any of the studied variables using mixed-model ANOVA. Based on these findings, we determined that 6 weeks of a group-based exercise intervention caused similar functional and nutritional benefits to a longer group-based intervention of 12 weeks when both are continued at home until 24 weeks.

scholarly journals Importance of performance status and physical activity in cancer patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Kiesl
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Performance Status ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Standardized Assessments ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Patient Studies

Summary Background This review summarizes current data on the effects of exercise interventions and physical activity in cancer prevention, treatment and related side effect management, as well as on the rehabilitation of cancer patients. Patients and methods The overall quality of patient studies is still poor due to methodological limitations. Major limitations of the interventional exercise studies conducted include their designs, with regard to missing randomization or the absence of control groups, and the use of heterogeneous assessment methods to quantify and objectify physical activity. As a result, there are no specific exercise recommendations in cancer patients as yet that would essentially differ from exercise recommendations for healthy subjects. Nevertheless, due to major findings and empirical data, the field of research into exercise- and physical activity-related effects on disease and therapy-associated aspects is young and rapidly emerging. Conclusion Exercise potentially contributes to the prevention and rehabilitation of cancer and represents a powerful tool in the prevention of various side effects under chemotherapy. Current data from interventional studies show preliminary positive effects for diverse movement programs and especially through specific combinations of endurance and resistance training. Additional randomized controlled trials with standardized assessments and controlling for potential confounders are needed to confirm and expand these findings.

Physical Exercise in Cancer Patients During and After Medical Treatment: A Systematic Review of Randomized and Controlled Clinical Trials

2005 ◽  
Vol 23 (16) ◽  
pp. 3830-3842 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruud Knols ◽  
Neil K. Aaronson ◽  
Daniel Uebelhart ◽  
Jaap Fransen ◽  
Geert Aufdemkampe
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Medical Treatment ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trials ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Methodologic Quality

Purpose To systematically review the methodologic quality of, and summarize the evidence from trials examining the effectiveness of physical exercise in improving the level of physical functioning and psychological well-being of cancer patients during and after medical treatment. Methods Thirty-four randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and controlled clinical trials were identified, reviewed for substantive results, and assessed for methodologic quality. Results Four of 34 trials met all (seven of seven) methodologic criteria on the Delphi criteria list. Failure to conceal the sequencing of treatment allocation before patient recruitment, failure to blind the outcome assessor, and failure to employ an intention-to-treat analysis strategy were the most prevalent methodologic shortcomings. Various exercise modalities have been applied, differing in content, frequency, intensity, and duration. Positive results have been observed for a diverse set of outcomes, including physiologic measures, objective performance indicators, self-reported functioning and symptoms, psychological well-being, and overall health-related quality of life. Conclusion The trials reviewed were of moderate methodologic quality. Together they suggest that cancer patients may benefit from physical exercise both during and after treatment. However, the specific beneficial effects of physical exercise may vary as a function of the stage of disease, the nature of the medical treatment, and the current lifestyle of the patient. Future RCTs should use larger samples, use appropriate comparison groups to rule out the possibility of an attention-placebo effect, use a comparable set of outcome measures, pay greater attention to issues of motivation and adherence of patients participating in exercise programs, and examine the effect of exercise on cancer survival.

scholarly journals Nutritional and sleep profile description in people with physical disabilities athletes and sedentary subjects

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcela Nicole Pereira ◽  
Camila Gomes Pinto Romano ◽  
Andrea Maculano Esteves
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Physical Disabilities ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Sleep Pattern ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
People With Physical Disabilities

The researches shows that the engagement of people with physical disability in physical activity programs added to food planning suitable can minimize as trauma sequelae and related diseases development risk. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to describe and compare the eating habits and sleeping patterns of physical disabilities, both practitioners of physical activity and the sedentary. A total of 29 volunteers participated in the study (from 22 to 73 years old), distributed among the groups: physical exercise / athletes (17) and sedentary (12). Were applied questionnaires relating to eating habits and physical exercise practice, quality of sleep and the chronotype. The results showed that the athletes presented better sleep efficiency in relation to the sedentary ones, in addition, the athletes with moderate morning profile presented better efficiency compared to afternoon. The sedentary group presented a score indicating an alteration in the sleep pattern by the Pittsburgh questionnaire. It can be noted that 100% of sedentary patients reported using medications on a daily basis, and their main use was for the Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). The eating habits of sedentary showed up with higher nutritional quality than athletes. In this context, we can see that the practice of physical exercise was relevant, presenting positive effects on the well-being and sleep pattern of the population that practiced it. New studies in this area are important to identify difficulties and physical changes in people with physical disabilities, and thus improve the quality of life.

scholarly journals Physical exercise as a non-pharmacological strategy for reducing behavioral and psychological symptoms in elderly with mild cognitive impairment and dementia: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susana Lígia da Silva RODRIGUES ◽  
Jamily Matias da SILVA ◽  
Maria Clara Cordeiro de OLIVEIRA ◽  
Charleny Mary Ferreira de SANTANA ◽  
Kaliandra Meneses CARVALHO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Behavioral And Psychological Symptoms

ABSTRACT Background: Elderly people with dementia may exhibit behavioral and psychological symptoms throughout the course of disease. Non-pharmacological therapies, such as regular physical activity, are considered strategies for managing these symptoms. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate whether participation in physical exercise programs is effective in reducing behavioral and neuropsychiatric symptoms in elderly people with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and dementia. Methods: A literature review was carried out in MEDLINE (PubMed), SciELO, Web of Science, Scopus and SPORTDiscus databases from 2010 to 2020. The eligible studies were randomized clinical trials involving elderly people with mild cognitive impairment or dementia and assessing changes in neuropsychiatric and psychological symptoms as primary or secondary outcomes. The studies had a group with only physical exercise as an intervention compared to a control group. Results: Of 175 publications identified in the initial survey, only 7 studies met the eligibility criteria. Four out of 7 studies demonstrated positive effects in reducing behavioral symptoms, while the others did not report differences between gains according to the type of protocol. Conclusions: Moderate to intense aerobic and muscle strengthening exercises may have a potential benefit in the management of behavioral and psychological symptoms in dementia, but studies varied in their conclusions. This review indicates the need for further intervention studies to investigate, as a primary outcome, the absolute effect of physical exercise and its impact on behavioral and psychological symptoms in elderly people with MCI dementia, especially in the early stages of the disease.

scholarly journals EJERCICIO FÍSICO Y CALIDAD DE VIDA EN ESTUDIANTES UNIVERSITARIOS

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 437
Author(s):  
Alberto Paramio Leiva ◽  
Paloma Gil-Olarte Márquez ◽  
Cristina Guerrero Rodríguez ◽  
José M. Mestre Navas ◽  
Rocío Guil Bozal
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Satisfaction With Life ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Personal Satisfaction ◽  
Calidad De Vida ◽  
Quality Of Life Indicators ◽  
Estudiantes Universitarios

Abstract.PHYSICAL EXERCISE AND QUALITY OF LIFE IN UNIVERSITY STUDENTSThe recommendation of physical exercise as a strategy for prevention and promotion of health has been established in both the health and psychological areas. Despite the increased flow of research in recent years, the need to increase the empirical support of the relationships between physical activity and quality of life is well known. In favor of this need, this study aims to: 1. Clarify if there are different typologies between those who perform physical exercise and those who do not. 2. Delimit more specific typologies according to the frequency of realization from a gender perspective. To do this, a battery of questionnaires focused on quality of life indicators: depression, state anxiety (A-State), trait anxiety (A-Trait), personal satisfaction and satisfaction with life were administered to a sample of 153 university students. By means of the biphasic cluster analysis, we obtain 2 typologies among the students that perform some physical activity and those students who do not perform any physical exercise, the first responding to a better score in the previously mentioned indicators. Deepening the frequency, and taking into account the gender of individuals who exercise; we have differentiated 4 typologies, 2 composed mainly by men who behave as expected, responding to a better quality of life the category that performs a higher frequency of exercise a week; and 2 others composed of women who present differences that are not defined so pronounced and some variables are not related according to expectations. This fact underscores the need for more thorough investigation. We encourage research to develop physical activity programs aimed at improving the quality of life in different populations.Key words: Physical exercise, quality of life, students. depression, anxiety, personal satisfaction, satisfaction with life.Resumen.La recomendación del ejercicio físico como estrategia de prevención y promoción de la salud se ha establecido tanto en el ámbito sanitario como en el psicológico. A pesar del aumento del flujo de investigación en los últimos años, se es consciente de la necesidad de incrementar el respaldo empírico de las relaciones entre la actividad física y la calidad de vida. En favor de esta necesidad, este estudio se plantea como objetivos: 1. Clarificar si existen diferentes tipologías entre quienes realizan ejercicio físico y los que no. 2. Delimitar tipologías más específicas atendiendo a la frecuencia de realización desde una perspectiva de género. Para ello, se administró una batería de cuestionarios centrados los indicadores de calidad de vida: depresión, ansiedad estado, ansiedad rasgo, satisfacción personal y satisfacción con la vida a una muestra de 153 estudiantes universitarios. Mediante el análisis clúster biétapico, obtenemos 2 conglomerados entre los estudiantes que realizan alguna actividad física y aquellos estudiantes que no realizan ningún ejercicio físico, respondiendo los primeros a unas mejores puntuaciones en los indicadores anteriormente nombrados. Profundizando en la frecuencia, y teniendo en cuenta el género de los individuos que practican ejercicio, hemos diferenciado 4 conglomerados, 2 compuestos principalmente por hombres que se comportan como cabría esperar, respondiendo a una mejor calidad de vida el conglomerado que realiza una mayor frecuencia de ejercicio a la semana; y otras 2 compuestos por mujeres las cuales presentan diferencias que no se definen de forma tan pronunciada y algunas variables no se relacionan conforme a las expectativas. Este hecho remarca la necesidad de una investigación más exhaustiva. Animamos la labor de investigación en busca de elaborar programas de actividad física orientados a mejorar la calidad de vida en las distintas poblaciones.Palabras clave: Ejercicio físico, calidad de vida, estudiantes, depresión, ansiedad, satisfacción personal, satisfacción con la vida.

scholarly journals Practical Guidance for Interventions in Adults with Metabolic Syndrome: Diet and Exercise vs. Changes in Body Composition

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (18) ◽  
pp. 3481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pérez ◽  
González ◽  
Martínez-Espinosa ◽  
Vila ◽  
Reig García-Galbis
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Daily Practice ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Practical Guidance

(1) Objective: to establish practical guidance for the design of future clinical trials in MS (metabolic syndrome) patients aged 18 and older, based on a systematic review of randomized clinical trials connecting diet, physical exercise and changes in body composition. (2) Method: this systematic review of randomized clinical trials (RCT) is based on the guidelines recommended by PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses). Criteria of selection: ≥18 years of age; patients diagnosed with MS; intervention programs including diet, physical exercise and/or modifications in the style of life as treatment, as well as the magnitude of changes in body composition (BC); randomized clinical trial published between 2004 and 2018. (3) Results: the multidisciplinary interventions describe major changes in BC, and the recurring pattern in these clinical trials is an energy reduction and control in the percentage of intake of macronutrients along with the performance of regularly structured exercise; the most analyzed parameter was waist circumference (88.9% of the trials), followed by body weight (85.2%), BMI (77.8%) and body fat (55.6%). (4) Conclusions: The analysis of the information here reported sheds light for the design of future clinical trials in adults with MS. The best anthropometric parameters and units of measurement to monitor the interventions are related to dietary and physical exercise interventions. A list of practical advice that is easy to implement in daily practice in consultation is here proposed in order to guarantee the best results in changes of body composition.

scholarly journals Effects of Exercise Intervention on Quality of Life in Adolescent and Young Adult Cancer Patients and Survivors: A Meta-Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 153473541989559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoxu Zhi ◽  
Man Xie ◽  
Yingchun Zeng ◽  
Jun-e Liu ◽  
Andy S. K. Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Adolescent And Young Adult ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Positive Effects

Background: Cancer and its treatment significantly impact the quality of life (QOL) of adolescent and young adult (AYA) patients. This meta-analysis examined the effects of exercise interventions on the generic and cancer-specific QOL of AYA cancer patients and survivors. Methods: Four databases were searched from January 2010 to September 2019. RevMan 5.3 was used to synthesize the effects of exercise intervention on the QOL of AYA cancer patients and survivors. Results: A total of 11 eligible studies have been included in this paper. Direct outcome comparisons found that pooled overall effects on generic QOL were in favor of exercise interventions, but only with marginal significance (Z= 1.96, P = 0.05). When performing the subscale analysis of the generic QOL, three trials assessed the effects of exercise interventions on the emotional domain of QOL, and the weighted mean difference (WMD) for the overall intervention effect was 3.47 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.42 to 6.51). Additionally, exercise interventions increased the minutes of physical activity per week undertaken by AYA cancer patients and survivors (Z= 2.88, P = 0.004). Conclusion: Exercise interventions had positive effects on generic QOL and increased the minutes of physical activity per week undertaken by AYA cancer patients and survivors. In addition, exercise intervention programs appear to be safe, as there were no studies that reported adverse events. Future research, with rigorous methodological standards and larger sample sizes, should be designed to confirm the positive effects of exercise interventions on the QOL of AYA cancer patients and survivors.

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