scholarly journals Be a Man, do not Cry like a Woman: Analyzing Gender Dynamics in Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 361-371
Author(s):  
Abdul Razaque Channa ◽  
Tayyaba Batool Tahir
Keyword(s):  
Feminist Theory ◽  
Gender Performance ◽  
Gender Construction ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Gender Performativity ◽  
Gender Identities ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
The Third ◽  
Informal Discussion ◽  
And Gender

Contrary to the view that gender is fluid, as concurred by several social scientists, in traditional Pakistani understanding, gender is seen in fixed binaries, i.e., either you are a man or a woman. The third category is known as the third gender in Pakistan. It is interesting to note that although gender is seen as fixed in Pakistani cultures, in informal discussions, varied shades of gender are highlighted by informants based on gender performativity. By drawing on the postmodern feminist theory of gender performativity, this paper does a discourse analysis of informant’s views about gender construction and dynamics in rural Sindh. Ethnographic fieldnotes have been used as primary data to analyze gender nuances implicit in Pakistani men's informal discourse. This paper argues that contrary to unchanging gender identities as endorsed by Pakistan society's patriarchal structure, men dismiss these fixed identities during an informal discussion. Instead, they shuffle gender identities by branding men and women as feminine men and masculine women, respectively, based on their gender performativity. We conclude that irrespective of physical outlook, the power lies in hegemonic forms of agency. Gender relationships and gender performance shape the sexual and gender identity of subjects.

scholarly journals “…because I’m just a stupid woman from an ngo”: Interviews and the interplay between constructions of gender and professional identity

Pragmatics ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 327-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlene Miglbauer
Keyword(s):  
Identity Construction ◽  
Positioning Theory ◽  
Professional Identities ◽  
Chronological Order ◽  
Gender Identities ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Past ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Interview Setting

Over the last decade, using interviews to analyse identity construction has been gaining in popularity (de Fina 2003; Johnson 2006; Baynham 2011) and, given this interest, analysing identities has become a much debated issue that is being approached from various angles. Regarding interviews as interaction between the interviewee and interviewer, and stories in the interviews as emerging from interactional dynamics (de Fina 2009), this paper draws attention to the emergence of identity at different levels. First, identities emerge at the level of the interview narrative, which is ongoing talk as it evolves in real time and consists of reporting facts, giving opinions on, and explaining aspects of, various topics to the interviewer. Second, identities emerge in stories which are included in the ongoing talk. Stories refer to actions in the past, usually told in chronological order. In contrast to interview narratives which are initiated by the interviewer, stories in interviews are primarily instigated by the interviewees to further support their identity co-construction in the interview setting. The interview setting is thus the third level of identity construction in interviews. By applying the framework of identities occurring at different levels in interviews and Positioning Theory (Harré and van Langenhove 1999), this paper analyses the construction of professional gender identities in the workplace, the interplay between these identities, and the dependence of these constructions on the ‘interview as context’. The stories themselves reveal how, in the workplace, there may be a conflict between professional and gender identities. More specifically such stories make visible the way in which interviewees construct their professional identities in order to resist gender identities that are projected onto them.

Transing Normative Boyhood Masculinity in Alain Berliner’s Ma Vie en Rose

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-60
Author(s):  
Gust A. Yep ◽  
Sage E. Russo ◽  
Ryan M. Lescure
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Gender Performance ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
Social Categories ◽  
Gender Identities ◽  
Cultural Expectations ◽  
Social Circle ◽  
Gender Performances ◽  
And Gender

Offering a captivating exploration of seven-year-old Ludovic Fabre’s struggle against cultural expectations of normative boyhood masculinity, Alain Berliner’s blockbuster Ma Vie en Rose exposes the ways in which current sex and gender systems operate in cinematic representations of nonconforming gender identities. Using transing as our theoretical framework to investigate how gender is assembled and reassembled in and across other social categories such as age, we engage in a close reading of the film with a focus on Ludovic’s gender performance. Our analysis reveals three distinct but interrelated discourses—construction, correction, and narration—as the protagonist and Ludovic’s family and larger social circle attempt to work with, through, and against transgression of normative boyhood masculinity. We conclude by exploring the implications of transing boyhood gender performances.

scholarly journals Writing Ability Improvement Through Student Teams Achievement Divisions at Pirayanawin Klonghin Wittaya School

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurika Mustika
Keyword(s):  
Research Result ◽  
Third Grade ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Writing Ability ◽  
Writing Test ◽  
The Third ◽  
Student Teams ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Descriptive Writing ◽  
Academic Year

The aims of this research is to find out how Student Teams-Achievement Divisions (STAD) can improve students’ descriptive writing ability of the third grade students at Pirayanawin Klonghin Wittaya School, Thailand in the 2014/2015 academic year. The design of this research is classroom action research (CAR). The subject of the research is the third grade of Pirayanawin Klonghin Wittaya School in the 2014/2015 academic year that consists of 33 students. The observation used writing test as primary data and observation checklist. STAD improved the students descriptive writing ability in two cycles from the percentage of students scored ≥ 63,was 56.6% in cycle 1 to 80% in cycle 2 and from M= 62.2 in cycle 1 to M= 72 in cycle 2. Based on the research result, it can be concluded that STAD (Student Achievement Divisions) is able to improve students’ descriptive writing ability by having heterogeneous teams in terms of ability and gender that make them easy in generating their ideas and able to have peer tutoring.Keywords: writing ability, STAD (students teams achievement divisions)

scholarly journals Identity Crisis and Gender Performativity: Critical Discourse Analysis of Jhumpa Lahiri’s Interpreter of Maladies

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 37-46
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hadi Jahandideh ◽  
Sakineh Shahnoori
Keyword(s):  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Short Story ◽  
Gender Performance ◽  
Gender Performativity ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Self Identity ◽  
Identity Based ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Domestic Values

This study provides a conceptual discussion by using Judith Butler’s theory of “Gender Performativity” that analyzes the tensions between self-identity and social identity. It proposes that identity is reflective of the correlation between the roles that people enact in society. The researchers scrutinized the role of gender and identity in the selected story of Lahiri’s Interpreter of Maladies. It will be investigated in the light of cultural and feminist criticism as well as their theoretical concepts. This study is conducted by using descriptive-analytic methodology as well as the materials available in the valid libraries. To conclude, the application of Butlerian theories to the selected short story provides the best opportunity for creating a balance between gender and identity spheres. It endorses the theory that gender performance is not the real hallmark of one’s identity. Indeed, formulating identity based on gender performativity is not necessarily incompatible with domestic values.

scholarly journals Bargaining with social construction of gender identities: transgender realities in Cumilla, Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 2220
Author(s):  
Shamema Nasrin
Keyword(s):  
Transgender Women ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Gender Identities ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Male Sex ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Social Counseling ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Depth Interviews

Background: This study explored the agency of intention of transgender women within everyday forms of resistance (thought, desire, intension, and communication) against the rigorous binary biological composition and gender identities in Bangladesh's social context. Transgender women ask society to take distinct and subjective gender identities thoughtfully and uphold their right to make a transition. Transgender women go through the psychological narrative where a specific sex organ does not outline the intact gender identifications. They want to be accepted, understood and supported by establishing their inner gender identities endeavored to their agency and deconstruction of customary gender identities. Methods: The study was conducted at Kaptan Bazar, Cumilla Sadar in Cumilla, Bangladesh; twenty in-depth interviews and two focus group discussions were adopted to gather primary data. The study participants engaged with various projects and contributed health services and social counseling to other transgender and male sex workers.Results: The result considered transgender womans agency grounded in internal sharing, communication, daily activities, and viewpoints of identity position. Informal, undeclared thoughts, actions, and experiences portrayed numerous connections to their agency of intention. Encounters of participants presented a profound explanation of everyday resistance.Conclusions: The agency of intention of transgender women may create a dialogue against socio-cultural prejudice and structural injustice; simultaneously, it can intersect a better consequence in proper contexts.

Decolonizing Feminist Theory

2019 ◽  
pp. 11-28
Author(s):  
Linda Martín Alcoff
Keyword(s):  
Identity Formation ◽  
Feminist Theory ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Gender Identities ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Context Of Learning ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Decolonial Feminism

This chapter suggests an approach to decolonial feminism drawing from Latina feminist theory and practice. Rejecting an imperial feminism involves something else besides “going local”: it requires a genuine reorientation of feminist theory toward the everyday. This chapter considers how this affects the central debates about gender identities and gender liberation. How might we approach gender questions in the context of learning from, rather than teaching, lo cotidiano of the impoverished? This would counter the popular accounts of identity formation that view it as necessarily involving either authoritarianism from above, or irrationality from below. The chapter then explores the late theologian Ada-María Isasi-Díaz’s development of a mujerista theology, which adapted certain aspects of liberation theology’s “preference for the poor” to US Latinas.

Migrating through Cultures, Deconstructing Masculinities and Gender Identities in Modern Islamic Literature

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Babatunde Ogunyemi
Keyword(s):  
Gender Performance ◽  
Male Dominance ◽  
The Political ◽  
Religion And Literature ◽  
Gender Identities ◽  
Second Sex ◽  
Gender Constructions ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Political Understanding ◽  
Islamic Literature

Matters arising around feminism, sexualities and masculinities, male dominance and hierarchies, gender identities and the configuration of patriarchy in religion and literature have constituted some major trends in modern women’s writings, particularly women’s writings in the Islamic enclave. This work probes the motifs of women’s marginalisation, cultural masculinities, and gender constructions as they affect some selected modern Islamic fictions around the world. The work utilises Judith Butler’s theory of performativity and Jacques Derrida’s deconstruction to delineate and redefine women’s subjugation and freedom by foregrounding the political, cultural, social, and moral elements redefining the pragmatic Islamic societies arising from technology. Constant division and the discriminatory roles assigned to women in the Islamic enclave have had some negative influences in literature, which can be found in some analyses of Frantz Fanon’s works and Simone de Beauvoir’s The Second Sex. These discriminatory and divisible roles for women can sometimes have negative cultural and social implications for an economic and political understanding of Islamic literature. This work reconfigures and redefines gender performance, masculinities, and Islamic metaphysics in the selected Islamic fictional works of Saudi Rajaa Alsanea’s Girls of Riyadh, Sudanese Leila Aboulela’s Minaret and Kuwaiti Randa Jarrar’s Map of Home.

scholarly journals Seeing Flesh: Naked Body Protests and Gender Performance in Post-Soviet Ukraine

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-73
Author(s):  
Sarah Labahn
Keyword(s):  
Gender Performance ◽  
The Body ◽  
Gender Performativity ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Gender Performances ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Naked Body ◽  
A Site ◽  
Feminist Movements

Butler’s theory of gender performativity, I attempt to draw connections between how the body interacts in Ukraine’s public and private sphere since the emergence of Femen in 2008. My research explores the ways in which deviant gender performances – such as the use of sextremism and hypersexualized acts in a hyper-masculine domain - have the ability to alter past meanings associated with the body. In such, the body becomes empowered through its own redefinition. Despite conflicting opinions about the effectiveness of this form of protest, this paper argues that Femen has successfully challenged conventional norms of femininity in the public sphere through its naked body protests by redefining the body as a political tool and as a site of liberation – thereby creating a space for politically active women in the traditionally masculine sphere of politics. The implications of this research provide insight into similar radical feminist movements that engage the body in overtly sexual and public ways. By understanding the body through Butler’s theory of gender performance, these feminist movements can be critically understood as resistant, empowering, and liberating.

scholarly journals Book Review: 'Shakespeare and Gender in Practice' by Terri Power

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Busselle
Keyword(s):  
Gender Performance ◽  
The Third ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
And Gender

Shakespeare and Gender in Practice, the third volume in the Shakespeare {in} Practice series, is a theoretical and practical exploration of gender performance through Shakespeare’s works on stage. This volume implements intersectional feminist and queer theories, historical documentation, interviews, and workshop exercises to demonstrate the depth of Shakespearean gender performance. Power’s goal for this volume is to offer new ideas of gender performance using an intersectional feminist framework while simultaneously deconstructing preconceived notions of traditional Shakespearean performance. Power also sheds new light on possibilities of casting Shakespearean work and provides inspiration for feminist scholars, directors, students, and working actors who wish to explore gender in practice.

Czy dyskurs transseksualistyczny ma jednoznacznie wyzwalający czy ambiwalentny charakter?

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Urszula Nowak
Keyword(s):  
Medical Treatment ◽  
Feminist Theory ◽  
Queer Theory ◽  
Sexual Difference ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Gender Identities ◽  
The Status ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Queer Movement

Transsexuality, which refers to the conflict between gender and physical sex, can pose a challenge to feminist theory(ies) as well as to queer theory(ies) and queer movement. The aim of this essay is therefore to analyze the status of transsexual discourse within feminism, with the focus on Judith Butler's reflection, and within queer theory. The question, raised at first by Henrietta Moore, is if those who operate on their bodies and identities do really overthrow sexual difference and gender or maybe they are simply imprisoned in their murderous arms. It is being underlined that transsexual people can really point at instability and discontinuity of gender identities. However, this is somewhat problematic as, from the pragmatic point of view, it may cause a lot of problems to them, i.e. by limiting their access to proper medical treatment.

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