scholarly journals CANINE TESTICULAR HISTOPATHOLOGY ENSUING CHEMICAL CASTRATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 28-31
Author(s):  
Nashon W Wavumbah ◽  
Janet Mwadime ◽  
Rose Kavurani
Keyword(s):  
Histological Examination ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Animal Population ◽  
Cellular Infiltration ◽  
Fibrin Deposition ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Chemical Castration ◽  
Lugol’S Iodine ◽  
Aggressive Male

Castration in domestic and companion animals plays an important role in controlling animal population, aggressive male behaviour and producing meat with a consistent quality acceptable to consumers. Surgical castration is the widely used method, but it is more expensive and painful if not well managed. This research focused on the use of 10% iodine and 1% polidocanol foam as intratesticular injections to achieve castration in three adult dogs owned by a client in Lwandeti village in Kakamega County, Kenya. Two of the dogs received 1ml of 1% polidocanol, while one dog received 1ml of 10% iodine in each of their testicles. The testicles were surgically harvested after three months for histological examination. The histological examination revealed that the seminiferous tubules of testes those received 10% Lugol’s iodine had cellular infiltration and fibrin deposition. Those that received 1% polidocanol showed moderate to severe cellular infiltration but less than the iodine group. This study has shown the potential of polidocanol and iodine as chemical methods that can be used instead of surgical castration.

Weight loss considerations in the older cat

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 409-414
Author(s):  
Lauren Hayes
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Disease Prevention ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Companion Animal ◽  
Muscle Loss ◽  
Animal Population ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Pet Dogs ◽  
Endocrine Diseases ◽  
Common Causes

The companion animal population is continuing to live longer, with approximately 40% of pet dogs and cats aged 7 years or older. Continued improvements in veterinary care and disease prevention strategies, veterinary nutrition, breeding and husbandry are just a few of the factors contributing to pet longevity, resulting in a significant population of senior small companion animals. This article considers the most common causes of weight loss in the older cat through review of the definitions and pathophysiology of muscle loss, and examining the most common concurrent metabolic and endocrine diseases associated with weight loss in the older feline patient.

scholarly journals Predation pressure of the grey wolf (Canis lupus L. 1758) on wild, domestic and companion animals in Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (10) ◽  
pp. 6579-2021
Author(s):  
KATARZYNA DZIKI-MICHALSKA ◽  
KATARZYNA TAJCHMAN
Keyword(s):  
Canis Lupus ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Companion Animal ◽  
Predation Pressure ◽  
Protection System ◽  
Animal Population ◽  
Grey Wolf ◽  
Wolf Population ◽  
Wild Ungulate ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this study was to determine the predation pressure of the grey wolf (Canis lupus) on wild ungulate populations and the relationship between the size of the grey wolf population and the number of confirmed kills of livestock and companion animals in Poland over eight hunting seasons from 2011/2012 to 2018/2019. There is a positive and complete relationship between the increasing wolf population and the number of confirmed deer kills. The size of the wolf population in Poland was compared to the size of domestic and companion animal population and the number of specimens that fell prey to the grey wolf. It was demonstrated that as the wolf population in Poland increases, the number of confirmed kills of farm and companion animals rises. It seems rational to take steps aimed at mitigating this problem as soon as possible. It is necessary to consider implementation of an integrated protection system that involves culling and employing available methods to deter wolves from attacking grazing herds.

scholarly journals Chemical Castration of Rabbits Via Intratesticular Injection of Ethanol or Formalin

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-15
Author(s):  
A. A . Majeed
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Sertoli Cells ◽  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Absolute Ethanol ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Chemical Castration ◽  
Ventral Aspect ◽  
Histopathological Evaluation ◽  
Novel Method

The purpose of the study was to determine the efficacy and safety ofintratesticular injection of ethanol or formalin as a novel method forchemosterilization of rabbits. Twenty rabbits, aged (6-8 months) and weighed(1.3-1.5) kg were used. They were randomly divided into two equal groups. Inthe first group, absolute ethanol and in the second group, formalin1% at a doseof 1ml/testis for each agent were injected under the effect of xylazine, byinsertion of the needle from the caudo-ventral aspect of the testis then pushed inthe center of the testis toward the cranio-dorsal pole of the testis. Orchidectomywas done at first and second months postinjection, samples from the testes andepididymis were taken for histopathological evaluation of testicular changes.Histopathological examination revealed atrophy of the seminiferous tubules,degeneration or vacuolation of sertoli cells and the leydig cells replaced byfibrous connective tissue. The of epididymis show narrowing of the epididymallumen. The severity and distribution of the lesions were more pronounced informalin group, although both agents had the ability to induce sterilization inrabbits.

scholarly journals Testicular histological evaluation and serum testosterone concentrations of bulls after chemical castration with calcium chloride

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (8) ◽  
pp. 1554-1563
Author(s):  
Lucas F. Pereira ◽  
Fernanda G.G. Dias ◽  
Marina P. Miguel ◽  
Cristiane S. Honsho ◽  
Denise C. Tavares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Calcium Chloride ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Testicular Volume ◽  
Histological Evaluation ◽  
Coagulation Necrosis ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Chemical Castration ◽  
Chemical Sterilization

ABSTRACT: Orchiectomized bulls have advantages in the meat quality and ease of handling. Chemical castration is an option for surgical castration and the sclerosing agents can be administered into the testicular or epididymis parenchyma. These agents have a lower incidence of complications than surgery, especially when associated with dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), which has anti-inflammatory action and increases the absorption of other drugs. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of a single intratesticular injection of calcium chloride solution associated with DMSO for the chemical sterilization of bulls. Twenty-four young adult bulls were utilized, distributed into 3 groups (G20, G30 and G40, n = 8/group), according to the calcium chloride concentration (20, 30 and 40%), in 10mL volume. Serum concentrations of testosterone, body weight, testicular volume and ecotexture, clinical signs and behavior and were evaluated for 45 days. Thus, the animals were orchiectomized and testicles were assessed histologically. There were no changes in body weight, decreased serum testosterone concentrations (except G30), signs of scrotal sensitivity or changes in behavior over the period. However, there was significant increase in testicular volume, especially on the 2nd and 3rd day after treatment, with values returning to the value initials at 15 days. Testicular adherence and firm consistency were observed during orchiectomy. Ultrasound examination revealed a loss of integrity of the median raphe, with cavity formation and an alteration of the testicular echotexture. In the histological evaluation, coagulation necrosis of seminiferous tubules and interstitial cells was observed, mainly in the medial portion in all groups. Some animals presented total absence of tubular formations in all the studied groups, being the effects of greater intensity in the G40. Additionally, pronounced edema was noted in all groups, especially in G40. Inflammatory infiltrate, fibroplasia and neovascularization were found to be predominantly discrete. Based on the conditions used in this study, we conclude that calcium chloride associated with DMSO can be used as a method of chemical sterilization in bovines.

scholarly journals Two cases of freemartinism in Lacaune ewes

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 299
Author(s):  
J. MENEGATOS (Ι. ΜΕΝΕΓΑΤΟΣ) ◽  
E. XYLOURI (Ε. ΞΥΛΟΥΡΗ) ◽  
A. AJOUTANTI (Α. ΑΓΙΟΥΤΑΝΤΗ) ◽  
O. SABATAKOU (Ο. ΣΑΜΠΑΤΑΚΟΥ) ◽  
E. PARASKEVAKOU (Ε. ΠΑΡΑΣΚΕΥΑΚΟΥ) ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Histological Examination ◽  
Sertoli Cells ◽  
Reproductive Behavior ◽  
External Genitalia ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Genital System ◽  
Male Sexual Behavior

In this study the anatomy of the genital system, the histology of gonads, the reproductive behavior and the chromosome examinations of two freemartin Lacaune ewes were described. The appearance of these ewes resembled that of a ram, but their external genitalia were female with an enlarged clitoris. The gonads were small testicles located subcutaneously in the prepubic region. In the case of the ewel the testicles were palpated with difficulty, while in ewe 2 they were almost atrophic. In both cases there were epididymides, but in ewe 2 the ends of vasa differentia were joined. In ewel there were vesicular and bulbo-urethral glands. In ewe 2 the vesicular glands were absent. The ewel had male sexual behavior, but the ewe 2 had a neutral one. The histological examination of the gonads of ewe 1 showed excessive development of the vassoconnective tissue, where a small number of seminiferous tubules and Sertoli cells were also visible. The gonads of ewe 2 showed excessive fibrosis. The results of chromosome examination showed chimaerism (54,XX/XY) in both cases. The XY cells were 63% and 61% for the ewes 1 and 2, respectively. The rest cells 37% and 39% were respectively XX ones.

scholarly journals Lead Toxicity and The Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Testicular Axis

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia AIT HAMADOUCHE ◽  
Sadi NESRINE ◽  
Aoues ABDELKEDER
Keyword(s):  
Histological Examination ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Critical Time ◽  
Lead Toxicity ◽  
High Serum ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Testosterone Levels ◽  
Reproductive Axis ◽  
Gonadotropic Axis

Environmental exposure to toxic levels of lead (Pb) occurs in a number of industries with potential adverse effects on the reproductive capacity of exposed men. Clinical and animal studies indicate that abnormalities of spermatogenesis result from toxic lead exposure, but eventual histopathologic alterations involved have not been identified. To explore putative abnormalities in the reproductive gonadotropic axis following lead intoxication, experimental animals when exposed to low levels of lead, 65 days old animals were treated with distilled water containing 0, 0 mg (control), 10 mg lead (Pb)/Kg/day and 15 mg lead (Pb)/Kg/day intraperitoneally for 20 days. At the end of treatment, the animals were sacrificed and the blood collected for luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone assays. The testis was processed for histological analysis. The results showed a high serum concentration of LH and testosterone in lead-treated animals compared to controls. Histological examination of testis showed deformities in testicular morphology of lead intoxicated animals with gross damage within the somniferous tubules. A strong correlation was established between LH and testosterone suggesting an alteration in the endocrine components of the gonadotropic axis. Histological examination of pituitary gland showed some degenerative changes in endocrine cells of lead group. Changes in LH and testosterone levels suggest that Pb exposure during the critical time of sexual differentiation induces reproductive axis abnormalities in adulthood. In conclusion, lead has a gonadotoxic effect by decreasing LH and testosterone levels and damaging the testis seminiferous tubules. Catalase activity was significantly reduced in the lead group following 65 days of exposure which possibly indicates that lead might had other mechanisms of action, such as increasing oxidative damage.

Transmission Electron Microscopy of Protein Macromolecules

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 424-425
Author(s):  
Henry S. Slayter
Keyword(s):  
Biological Systems ◽  
Metal Vapor ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
The Past ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Transmission Electron

Electron microscopic methods have been applied increasingly during the past fifteen years, to problems in structural molecular biology. Used in conjunction with physical chemical methods and/or Fourier methods of analysis, they constitute powerful tools for determining sizes, shapes and modes of aggregation of biopolymers with molecular weights greater than 50, 000. However, the application of the e.m. to the determination of very fine structure approaching the limit of instrumental resolving power in biological systems has not been productive, due to various difficulties such as the destructive effects of dehydration, damage to the specimen by the electron beam, and lack of adequate and specific contrast. One of the most satisfactory methods for contrasting individual macromolecules involves the deposition of heavy metal vapor upon the specimen. We have investigated this process, and present here what we believe to be the more important considerations for optimizing it. Results of the application of these methods to several biological systems including muscle proteins, fibrinogen, ribosomes and chromatin will be discussed.

Sem and X-Ray Analysis of Renal and Biliary Calculi

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 306-307
Author(s):  
R. J. Narconis ◽  
G. L. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Natural State ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Additional Dimension ◽  
Biliary Calculi ◽  
Calculus Formation ◽  
Scanning Electron

Analysis of the constituents of renal and biliary calculi may be of help in the management of patients with calculous disease. Several methods of analysis are available for identifying these constituents. Most common are chemical methods, optical crystallography, x-ray diffraction, and infrared spectroscopy. The application of a SEM with x-ray analysis capabilities should be considered as an additional alternative.A scanning electron microscope equipped with an x-ray “mapping” attachment offers an additional dimension in its ability to locate elemental constituents geographically, and thus, provide a clue in determination of possible metabolic etiology in calculus formation. The ability of this method to give an undisturbed view of adjacent layers of elements in their natural state is of advantage in determining the sequence of formation of subsequent layers of chemical constituents.

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