I Call You through Fire: A Pakkado Love Magic Parallelism

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nirwan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Language Use ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Written Text ◽  
Poetic Function ◽  
Field Notes ◽  
Points Of View

The main concern of this article is to elaborate on the magic of Pa’issangang Baine 'knowledge about women’ within ‘Pakkado’ (people who speak I) in West Sulawesi, Indonesia. More specifically, the article focuses on this spell in individual ritual contexts, not in ordinary activity. The spell is performed by certain actors, and focuses on the characteristics of the utterances. The type of knowledge is categorized as a spell and is practiced by men who want to attract beloved women. Albeit, it also used by women to gain beloved men. The techniques used are recordings and field notes. The utterances are taken from a single informant. The rationale of the research is to give a better understanding of spells within the society who speak I. Nowadays, this spell lives only within the heads of aged populatons. Some people are worried about the death of this magic language, but only some attention has been directed at its preservation. The research also contributes in two ways; practice and academic. Practically, it is one way for revitalizing the magic word into written text; academically, it shows fascinating language use from semantic and pragmatic points of view. The writer applies some linguistic tools to analyze the utterances and the activity of performers in producing words such as in the poetic function of language use (Jakobson 1960), and in the deictic field (Hank, 2005). The features of this spell show the act of using parallelism and sentences repeated many times (Fox, 1988). In addition, it also shows the variety within a deictic system. Mandar is an ethnicity located in West Sulawesi—on the island of Sulawesi.

scholarly journals Writing short stories to describe literary language use and perceptions as writer

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-28
Author(s):  
José Alonso Hernández Martín
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Qualitative Case Study ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
Religious School ◽  
Written Production ◽  
Poetic Function ◽  
Field Notes ◽  
Ninth Grade Students

This qualitative case study aims at describing the process followed by ninth grade students at a private religious school when using and analyzing literary language. The instruments used to carry out this study were: students’ artifacts to identify and analyze the literary language used, field notes, and interviews. During this process, the learners as authors generated the construction of meaning and developed their competence in writing. The results show that students used metaphors and similes (literary features) to express ideas and details about their contexts in written production. In turn, students profited from the poetic function of the language where their voices as authors describe their perceptions and experiences as writers.

Modularity in Artificial Neural Networks

2011 ◽  
pp. 1095-1101
Author(s):  
Ricardo Téllez ◽  
Cecilio Angulo
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Neural Networks ◽  
Artificial Neural Networks ◽  
Complex Systems ◽  
Intelligent Systems ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Complex Structures ◽  
Computational Point ◽  
Points Of View

The concept of modularity is a main concern for the generation of artificially intelligent systems. Modularity is an ubiquitous organization principle found everywhere in natural and artificial complex systems (Callebaut, 2005). Evidences from biological and philosophical points of view (Caelli and Wen, 1999) (Fodor, 1983), indicate that modularity is a requisite for complex intelligent behaviour. Besides, from an engineering point of view, modularity seems to be the only way for the construction of complex structures. Hence, whether complex neural programs for complex agents are desired, modularity is required. This article introduces the concepts of modularity and module from a computational point of view, and how they apply to the generation of neural programs based on modules. Two levels, strategic and tactical, at which modularity can be implemented, are identified. How they work and how they can be combined for the generation of a completely modular controller for a neural network based agent is presented.

Speaking But not Being Heard: Two Adolescents Negotiate Classroom Talk about Text

2001 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen A. Hinchman ◽  
Josephine Peyton Young
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Social Constructions ◽  
Classroom Talk ◽  
Written Text ◽  
School Year ◽  
Field Notes

This article is a critical discourse analysis that explored how two students participated in classroom talk about written text. We analyzed field notes and transcripts from classroom videotapes and student interviews according to three dimensions, description, interpretation, and explanation, and with concern for three contexts, situational, institutional, and societal. The students participated in talk in complicated, devolving ways over 1 school year - ways that seemed tied to a variety of social constructions inside and outside the classroom. One participated in classroom talk about text with an assumption of expertise, only to lose credibility when his teacher expected richer interpretive insights. The other participated in such talk from an assumption of equality, yet no one listened to what she said until it diverged from the supportable, in which case they derided her. Our analysis suggests that we should be vigilant in our setup and monitoring of individuals' participation in classroom talk, about text and otherwise, looking to disrupt ways it is embedded with hurtful institutional and societal discourses. Such attention may help us to develop more equitable literacy pedagogy.

scholarly journals Schrift als Komponente der Bildschirmfläche am Beispiel der deutschen Nachrichtensendungen

2020 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-45
Author(s):  
Anna Kapuścińska
Keyword(s):  
Television News ◽  
Ordinary Language ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Written Text ◽  
Visual Presence ◽  
The Status ◽  
Semiotic Perspective ◽  
News Programs ◽  
Language Meaning ◽  
Screen Surface

The article focusses the written components of the screen surface in television news programs. The semiotic perspective represented in this article legitimises the viewpoint that they are not (ordinary) language signs. The main concern of this article is the status of the written text (as a semiotic medium) in the construction patterns of the news programs. It is argued that the written texts appear in the news programs increasingly as graphical elements, so that their visual presence becomes primary to their language meaning. This tendency is discussed in the article on the example of three news programs in the German television between 1996 and 2016.

Story in Structure

2020 ◽  
pp. 133-167
Author(s):  
Daphne Leong
Keyword(s):  
Live Performance ◽  
Written Text ◽  
Romantic Irony ◽  
The Past ◽  
Piano Quartet ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Contraction And Expansion ◽  
Temporal Direction

This chapter presents intertwined readings of Schnittke’s Piano Quartet from four points of view: compositional, performative, esthesic, and analytical. Drawing on Schnittke’s description of the Quartet—“at first the attempt to remember” a fragment by Mahler “and then remembrance itself”—it analyzes the work as a rotational form: four passes through the fragment’s material, followed by a statement of the fragment itself. It discusses interpretive and practical considerations in depicting the journey to Mahler’s fragment. It shows that “memory” expresses Romantic irony through its evocation of a fragment from the past, denial of a clear temporal line, and search for an impossible perfection. And it dissects three techniques—rhythmic “formants,” contraction and expansion, and self-similiarity—employed by Schnittke to subvert temporal direction. Audience and performer viewpoints taken from a concert and interactive presentation supplement the authors’ interpretation. The authors’ live performance on audio (Ingolfsson, Eckert, Glyde, and Leong) complements the written text.

Comprehensive discourse analysis: An instance of professional peer interaction

1982 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen D. Grimshaw
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Structure ◽  
Peer Interaction ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Doctoral Dissertation ◽  
Written Text ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Dissertation Defense

AbstractWhile studies of written text continue to engage students from a number disciplines, investigations of naturally occurring talk have increased exponentially in the last decade. This paper reports on such an investigation, comprehensive discourse analysis of talk among professional peers (in a doctoral dissertation defense), attending to an instance of problematic communication and to some possible implications and interpretations of such nonsuccesses in social interaction. The method employed is an adaptation Labov and Fanshel. (Communicative nonsuccess, comprehensive discourse analysis, interaction among professional peers, naturally occurring talk, social structure, and language use.)

scholarly journals WACANA KEAGAMAAN SYIAH-SUNNI DALAM MAJALAH TEMPO DAN SUARA HIDAYATULLAH

LITERA ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dadang S Anshori
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Religious Understanding

This study aims to describe the language use as representation of mass media attitudes towards Shia-Sunni conflicts. It employed the qualitative method using Fowler’s critical discourse analysis. The data source was news on Shia-Sunni conflicts in Sampang reported in Tempo and Suara Hidayatullah magazines. The findings are as follows. First, Shia-Sunni conflicts are described in news headings and points of view. Tempo describes the conflicts using the point of view of ‘devil attack’ while Suara Hidayatullah presents them as conflicts of religious understanding. Second, expressions such as ‘belief forcing’, ‘Shia cleansing’, ‘devil attack’, and ‘intolerance’ represent Tempo’s attitudes while expressions such as ‘heretical’, ‘misleading’, ‘hijacking’, ‘deifying something’, and ‘infidel’ represent Suara Hidayatullah’s attitudes. Third, based on the use of vocabulary and sentences, Tempo tends to back the Shia group while Suara Hidayatullah tends to back the Sunni group.

scholarly journals Lutsi speakers and rememberers in the late 20th and early 21st centuries

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-249
Author(s):  
Uldis Balodis
Keyword(s):  
Language Use ◽  
Family Background ◽  
Language Variation ◽  
Regional Context ◽  
Language Knowledge ◽  
History Of ◽  
Field Notes

This article describes the language of the last speakers of Lutsi as well as their family background and the sources of their language knowledge, in order to show the paths by which Lutsi language knowledge – even if only of a fragmentary sort – has survived up to the present day. The language knowledge of these last speakers is described using observations taken from the field notes and memories of other researchers as well as from my own encounters with them. This information is placed in a historical and regional context by providing a detailed overview of the historical extent of the Lutsi community, theories about Lutsi origins and how this connects with the memory of Lutsi families and observed language variation within the Lutsi speech area, changes in Lutsi speaker numbers and language use, and the history of Lutsi documentation and the observations of the researchers who documented them. Kokkuvõte. Uldis Balodis: Lutsi keele kõnelejad ja mäletajad 20. ja 21. sajandi vahetusel. Lutsi keelt räägiti mitu sajandit Kagu-Lätis Ludza linna ümbritsevates valdades ja külades. Lutsi keel ja kultuur said tähtsaks osaks nii Latgali kui ka kogu Läti kultuuriajaloost. Lutsi keel on ühendanud Eestit ja Lätit ning saanud nende ühise pärandi sümboliks. Selle artikli esimeses osas kirjeldatakse lutsi keele uurijate (Oskar Kallas, Heikki Ojansuu, Paulopriit Voolaine, August Sang) mälestusi ja tähelepanekuid ajast, kui seda keelt veel räägiti igapäevaselt. Artikli teises osas antakse ülevaate Põlda valla Jaani küla Nikonovide perekonnast, kes olid viimaseid lutsi keele oskajaid. Samuti vaadeldakse viimaseid lutsi keelepärandi kandjaid tänapäeval – nn mäletajaid –, käsitledes nii nende elulugusid kui ka teadmisi lutsi keelest. Kokkovyteq Lutsi kielehn. Uldis Balodis: Lutsi kiele kynelejaq ni mälehäjäq 20. ni 21. sā-āstaga vaihtusel. Mitu sā-āstakka kyneldi lutsi kīlt Ludzi ümbre valdohn ni küllihn. Lutsi kīļ um nī Lätkalihn ku kaq kȳ Lätihn kultūri aolū tähtsä oza. Lutsi kīļ um kaq tähtsä köüdüs Läti ni Ēstimā vaihel ni noide ütidze perändüze tunnismärķ. Sjōl kirotuzel um katș ossa. Edimädzehn ozahn ma selledä lutsi kiele ūŗjide (Oskar Kallas, Heikki Ojansuu, Paulopriit Voolaine, August Sang) mälehüizi ni tähelepandmizi aost, ku tūd kīlt vīl egä päiv kyneldi. Tȳz̦ ehn ozahn tī ülekaehuze Pylda valla Jāni külä Nikonovi perrest, kohn elliq perämädze lutsi kiele myistjaq. Ma ka kynele perämädzist Lutsi inemizist tǟmbädzel pǟväl – nm mälehäjidest –, kiä viļ tīdväq veidüq lutsi kīlt, ni kaq noide elolūst ni kiele tīdmizest.

Linguistic Aesthetics in the Market: Evidence from Oral Business Nepali

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-76
Author(s):  
Kamal Kumar Poudel ◽  
Kushmila Acharya ◽  
Netra Prasad Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Language Use ◽  
Open Market ◽  
Business Transactions ◽  
Field Notes ◽  
Aesthetic Aspect ◽  
Study Techniques ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
Future Direction

Communication in business is usually supposed to be precisely and directly targeted at the message. The present study was instigated to answer whether, as generally assumed, communication in business excludes the artistic or poetic use of language meant for entertainment. Using observation, recording and field notes as the study techniques, a corpus of 24000 words was collected in Nepali from the major open market sites and business hubs located within Nepal. The corpus was then translated into English. As a delimitation of the study, the aesthetic aspect of language use and usage was particularly focused and analyzed. The exploration suggests that the users of oral business Nepali (OBN) commonly entertain themselves and others side by side as they speak while conducting business transactions. They commonly achieve this end by creating art and imagination, expressing and creating humor, and making associations. A future direction would be to extend the study in terms of its scope and methodology.

scholarly journals Computational Pragmatics

Linguistics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry Bunt
Keyword(s):  
Language Processing ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Context Modeling ◽  
Data Annotation ◽  
Exploration Process ◽  
Written Text ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Corpus Construction

Pragmatics as a branch of linguistics can be characterized as the study of the relations between linguistic properties of utterances on the one hand, and aspects of the context in which a given utterance is used on the other. Computational pragmatics is pragmatics with computational means, which include models of dialogue management processes, collections of language use data, annotation schemes and standards, software tools for corpus creation, annotation and exploration, process models of language generation and interpretation, context representations, and inference methods for context-dependent utterance generation and interpretation processes. The linguistic side of the relations that are studied in pragmatics is formed primarily by utterances in a conversation or sentences in a written text. In the case of written text the context side consists of the surrounding text and the setting in which the text is meant to function. In spoken or multimodal dialogue, the context of an utterance is formed by what has been said before and the interactive setting, but additionally by other perceptual, social, and mutual epistemic information (see Context Modeling). Much of this information is dynamic, as it changes during a dialogue and, more importantly, as a result of the dialogue, since the participants in a conversation influence each other’s state of information when they understand each other. Dialogue contexts are thus updated continuously as an effect of communication. Central to computational pragmatics is the development and use of computational tools and models for studying the relations between utterances and their context of use. Essential for understanding these relations are the use of inference and the description of language in terms of actions that are inspired by the context and that are intended to change the context. This bibliography therefore focuses on publications concerned with the computational modeling of dialogue in terms of communicative actions including the use of inference for utterance interpretation. It also considers the more static analysis of discourse coherence and semantic relations in text, and concludes with references to recent activities concerning the construction and use of resources in computational pragmatics, in particular annotation schemes, annotated corpora, and tools for corpus construction and use. The popularity of probabilistic approaches to natural language processing can also be seen in studies of pragmatic aspects of language use, although these approaches are so far not as important as in some other areas of language processing. The so-called rational speech acts (RSA) model treats language use as a recursive process in which probabilistic speaker and listener agents reason about each other’s intentions to enrich the literal semantics of their language along broadly Gricean lines. The core references for this approach are also included in this biography under Inference in Language Processing.

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