scholarly journals Nurses as Agents of Safety: Identifying unique contributors to falls in hospitalized Adult Hematology Patients: A Retrospective Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Catherine Mbango ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Safety Concern ◽  
Unintentional Injury ◽  
World Health ◽  
National Database ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Fall Incident ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact

Falls continue to be a major safety concern in acute care settings and are the second cause of unintentional injury deaths globally [1].The World Health Organization defines a fall as an event that results in a person coming to a rest inadvertently on the ground or floor or other lower level. Prevention of a fall is a safety measure, which is significantly affected by nursing care according to the National Database of Nursing Quality Indicators (NDNQI) [2].This retrospective review of one hundred medical records was conducted to assess if there are unique contributors to falls in hospitalized adult hematology patients. The study sample was drawn from the parent study that examined the impact of video-based educational intervention on the occurrence of falls among hematology patients hospitalized for the management of cancer treatment and complications. Patients with cancer are at an increased risk of sustaining a fall related injury due to impaired functional status, low blood counts, treatment related fatigue, frailty, and poor nutritional status [3,4]. Simple logistic regression between continuous variables and dependent variable, and cross-tabulation between categorical variables and the dependent variable was used to analyze study results.The study revealed that there was a significant relationship between fall incident and fall risk assessment scores on admission; X2 (1) = 6.153, p = .013, Cramer’s V = .256.

scholarly journals Communicating Risk Regarding Food Consumption: The Case of Processed Meat

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Slavica Zec ◽  
Clara Minto ◽  
Carlo Agostoni ◽  
Carolina Fano ◽  
Honoria Ocagli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Communication ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Real Data ◽  
World Health ◽  
International Agency ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact

The present research combines real data and parameters found in recent literature that were used to design realistic scenarios demonstrating the potential effects (benefits and costs) of the World Health Organization (WHO)’s risk communication regarding the consumption of processed meat, which was proven to be associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) in an International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)/WHO report. The impact of the risk communication of processed meat consumption was simulated using Monte Carlo microsimulation models. The results showed that a 1% reduction in the number of high-level processed meat consumers may lead to a yearly decrease in CRC cases of 406.43 (IC 95%: −243.94, 1056.81), while the more extreme scenario of a 15% reduction may lead to 2086.62 fewer cases (IC 95%: 1426.66, 2746.57). On the other hand, if demand contraction in the processed meat sector resulted in a 0.1% loss in employment, one could expect 27.23 all-cause mortalities attributable to job loss (IC 95%: 16.55, 37.80). This simulation study demonstrates that caution should be taken when implementing public awareness campaigns, particularly when the prevention message is not straightforward.

Pre-conceptual counselling in cardiology patients: still work to do and still missed opportunities. A comparison between 2015 and 2019 in women with cardiac disease attending combined obstetric cardiology clinics. Should the European Guidelines change anything?

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Chethan R. Kasargod Prabhakar ◽  
Daisy Pamment ◽  
Peter J. Thompson ◽  
Hsu Chong ◽  
Sara A. Thorne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Cardiac Disease ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
World Health ◽  
Modest Improvement ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Women with underlying cardiac conditions have an increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Counselling reproductive age women with heart disease is important to assist them in deciding whether to pursue pregnancy, to ensure their best cardiovascular status prior to pregnancy, and that they understand the risks of pregnancy for them and baby. This also provides an opportunity to explore management strategies to reduce risks. For this growing cohort of women, there is a great need for pre-conceptual counselling. This retrospective comparative audit assessed new referrals and pre-conceptual counselling of women attending a joint obstetric–cardiology clinic at a tertiary maternity centre in a 12-month period of 2015–2016 compared with 2018–2019. This reflected the timing of the introduction of a multidisciplinary meeting prior to clinics and assessed the impact on referrals with the introduction of the European Society of Cardiology guidelines. Data were reviewed from 56 and 67 patients in respective audit periods. Patient’s risk was stratified using modified World Health Organization classification. Less than 50% of women with pre-existing cardiac conditions had received pre-conceptual counselling, although half of them had risks clearly documented. The majority of patients had a recent electrocardiograph and echocardiogram performed prior to counselling, and there was a modest improvement in the number of appropriate functional tests performed between time points. One-third of patients in both cohorts were taking cardiac medications during pregnancy. There was a significant increase in the number of pregnant women with cardiac disease and in complexity according to modified World Health Organization risk classification. While there have been improvements, it is clear that further work to improve availability and documentation of pre-pregnancy counselling is needed.

scholarly journals Risks of and From SARS-CoV-2 Infection and COVID-19 in People With Diabetes: a Systematic Review of Reviews

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie Hartmann-Boyce ◽  
Karen Rees ◽  
James C Perring ◽  
Sven A Kerneis ◽  
Elizabeth M. Morris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
World Health ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Study Selection ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact

Background <p>This review was commissioned by the World Health Organization and presents a summary of the latest research evidence on the impact of COVID-19 in people with diabetes (PWD).</p> <p>Purpose </p> <p>To review the evidence regarding the extent to which PWD are at increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and/or of suffering its complications including associated mortality.</p> <p>Data sources</p> <p>We searched the Cochrane COVID-19 study register, Embase, MEDLINE, and LitCOVID on 3 December 2020.</p> <p>Study selection</p> <p>Systematic reviews synthesising data on PWD exposed to SARS-CoV-2 infection, reporting data on confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, admission to hospital and/or to ICU with COVID-19, death with COVID-19.</p> <p>Data extraction</p> <p>One reviewer appraised and extracted data; data were checked by a second.</p> <p>Data synthesis</p> <p>Data from 112 systematic reviews were narratively synthesised and displayed using effect direction plots. Reviews provided consistent evidence that diabetes is a risk factor for severe disease and death from COVID-19. There was less data available on ICU admission, but where available this data also signalled increased risk. Within PWD, higher blood glucose levels both prior to COVID-19 illness and during COVID-19 illness were associated with worse COVID-19 outcomes. Type 1 diabetes was associated with worse outcomes compared to type 2 diabetes. There was no appropriate data for discerning whether diabetes was a risk factor for acquiring SARS-CoV-2 infection.</p> <p>Limitations</p> <p>Due to the nature of the review questions, the majority of data contributing to included reviews come from retrospective observational studies. Reviews varied in the extent to which they assessed risk of bias.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>There are no data on whether diabetes predisposes to infection with SARS-CoV-2. Data consistently show that diabetes increases risk of severe COVID-19. As both diabetes and worse COVID-19 outcomes are associated with socioeconomic disadvantage, their intersection warrants particular attention.</p>

scholarly journals Gestational Outcomes in Patients with Severe Maternal Morbidity Caused by Hypertensive Syndromes

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (02) ◽  
pp. 074-080
Author(s):  
Daisy de Lucena Feitosa Lins Pinheiro ◽  
Francisco Edson de Lucena Feitosa ◽  
Edward Araujo Júnior ◽  
Francisco Herlânio Costa Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Morbidity ◽  
Near Miss ◽  
World Health ◽  
Severe Maternal Morbidity ◽  
Maternal Near Miss ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hypertensive Disorders ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Purpose To evaluate the impact of the presence of criteria for severe maternal morbidity and maternal near miss associated with hypertensive disorders on maternal and perinatal outcomes in a maternity school. Methods The present is a sub-analysis of a larger study involving 27 centers in Brazil that estimated the prevalence of serious maternal morbidity and near miss. It is an analytical and cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach, involving 928 women who were cared for at Maternidade Escola Assis Chateaubriand (MEAC, in Portuguese), Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC, in Portuguese), from July 2009 to June 2010. The women were diagnosed with near miss according to the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. The sample was divided into 2 groups: patients with (n = 827) and without hypertension (n = 101). The results were considered statistically significant when p < 0.05. The Pearson chi-squared and Fisher Exact tests were used for the categorical variables, and the Mann–Whitney U test was used for the continuous variables. Results In total, 51 participants with maternal near miss criteria were identified, and 36 of them had hypertensive disorders. Of these, 5 died and were obviously excluded from the near miss final group. In contrast, we observed 867 cases with non-near miss maternal morbidity criteria. During this period, there were 4,617 live births (LBs) in the institution that was studied. Conclusion In the severe morbidity/maternal near miss population, the presence of hypertensive complications was prevalent, constituting a risk factor for both the mother and the fetus.

scholarly journals Directly-Observed Intermittent Therapy versus Unsupervised Daily Regimen during the Intensive Phase of Antituberculosis Therapy in HIV Infected Patients

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerardo Alvarez-Uria ◽  
Manoranjan Midde ◽  
Raghavakalyan Pakam ◽  
Praveen Kumar Naik
Keyword(s):  
Smoothing Splines ◽  
World Health ◽  
Fixed Dose ◽  
Intermittent Therapy ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Intensive Phase ◽  
Antituberculosis Therapy ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

The World Health Organization strongly recommends using daily antituberculosis therapy (ATT) during the intensive phase for HIV infected patients. India has the highest burden of tuberculosis in the world, but HIV infected patients are still receiving intermittent ATT. In this study we compared the mortality in patients who received directly-observed intermittent ATT versus self-administered daily ATT with fixed dose combinations during the intensive phase in a context of freely available antiretroviral therapy. The study included 1460 patients, 343 in the intermittent ATT group and 1117 in the daily ATT group. Baseline covariates of the two groups were balanced using inverse probability of treatment weighting based on propensity score methods. In a sensitivity analysis, continuous variables (albumin, CD4 count, and age) were modelled using restricted cubic smoothing splines. Compared with patients who received daily ATT, patients who received intermittent ATT had a 40% higher risk of mortality (1.4 hazard ratio; 95% confidence interval, 1.14–1.7). We estimated that the use of daily ATT could achieve a 10% absolute reduction in mortality at 12 months. Self-administered daily ATT was not associated with an increased risk of default from treatment. These results support the immediate implementation of daily ATT for HIV infected patients during the intensive phase in India.

scholarly journals Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on maternity services and challenges faced by pregnant women delivering at a tertiary care centre in South India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parvathi Teja Naik ◽  
Rupesh Bala Murugan ◽  
Haritha Sagili ◽  
Subitha Lakshminarayanan ◽  
Priyadarshini Muruganandhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
World Health ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Contraceptive Device ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Maternity Services ◽  
The Impact

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on March 11, 2020. India entered a nationwide lockdown on March 25, 2020, disrupting regular health services. Hence this study was conducted to estimate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on maternity services and to describe the challenges faced by pregnant women. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study conducted from July 2020 to October 2020 at tertiary care hospital, Puducherry, India. 422 pregnant women delivered during this period were included and detailed questionnaire was administered regarding antenatal, intrapartum, postnatal services and, challenges faced during the pandemic via telephonic call. Responses were documented in Epicollect version 5, transferred to Microsoft excel and analysed using Stata version 14.2. Continuous variables were expressed as mean (SD), and Categorical variables as proportions. Results: The 100% response rate was achieved with 32.5% high risk pregnancies. The 71.8% women availed direct emergency medical services while 28.2%. were referrals. The 79.9% and 25% of the women in third trimester had less antenatal visits and discontinued haematinics respectively. The 47.4% had first trimester testing, 30% didn’t receive lactation support. 81% and 69% of primiparous and multiparous women respectively had adopted postpartum Intrauterine contraceptive device as contraception. The 35-50% women faced challenges in availing essential obstetric care services.Conclusions: Development of robust linkage system between existing primary healthcare and tertiary care for managing both low and high-risk pregnancies is of paramount importance to alleviate maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity.  

scholarly journals Profile of functionality of persons affected by leprosy

Rev Rene ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. e61702
Author(s):  
Stephanie Steremberg Pires D’Azevedo ◽  
Danielle Christine Moura dos Santos ◽  
Gustavo Aires de Arruda ◽  
Jaqueline Caracas Barbosa ◽  
Maria Geórgia Torres Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Support Groups ◽  
Physical Disabilities ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
World Health ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
The World ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact

Objective: to analyze the functioning and disability profile of persons affected by leprosy. Methods: a quantitative study, carried out with 43 people in six reference units with support groups for self-care in leprosy. A sociodemographic and clinical questionnaire and the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule instrument were used. The analyses used descriptive statistics, the chi-square test of adjustment adequacy for categorical variables, binomial and Mann-Whitney. Results: the median (interquartile range) in the Participation, Mobility, Cognition and Life Activities domains were 37.5 (20.8-54.2), 25.0 (6.3-56.3), 20.0 (0.0-40.0) and 10.0 (0.0-40.0), respectively, representing the impact of the disease in these domains. Conclusion: the functionality scores were higher in the Participation and Mobility domains, reflecting physical disabilities, discrimination and stigma in the lives of people affected by leprosy.

scholarly journals Risks of and From SARS-CoV-2 Infection and COVID-19 in People With Diabetes: a Systematic Review of Reviews

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie Hartmann-Boyce ◽  
Karen Rees ◽  
James C Perring ◽  
Sven A Kerneis ◽  
Elizabeth M. Morris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
World Health ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Study Selection ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact

Background <p>This review was commissioned by the World Health Organization and presents a summary of the latest research evidence on the impact of COVID-19 in people with diabetes (PWD).</p> <p>Purpose </p> <p>To review the evidence regarding the extent to which PWD are at increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and/or of suffering its complications including associated mortality.</p> <p>Data sources</p> <p>We searched the Cochrane COVID-19 study register, Embase, MEDLINE, and LitCOVID on 3 December 2020.</p> <p>Study selection</p> <p>Systematic reviews synthesising data on PWD exposed to SARS-CoV-2 infection, reporting data on confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, admission to hospital and/or to ICU with COVID-19, death with COVID-19.</p> <p>Data extraction</p> <p>One reviewer appraised and extracted data; data were checked by a second.</p> <p>Data synthesis</p> <p>Data from 112 systematic reviews were narratively synthesised and displayed using effect direction plots. Reviews provided consistent evidence that diabetes is a risk factor for severe disease and death from COVID-19. There was less data available on ICU admission, but where available this data also signalled increased risk. Within PWD, higher blood glucose levels both prior to COVID-19 illness and during COVID-19 illness were associated with worse COVID-19 outcomes. Type 1 diabetes was associated with worse outcomes compared to type 2 diabetes. There was no appropriate data for discerning whether diabetes was a risk factor for acquiring SARS-CoV-2 infection.</p> <p>Limitations</p> <p>Due to the nature of the review questions, the majority of data contributing to included reviews come from retrospective observational studies. Reviews varied in the extent to which they assessed risk of bias.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>There are no data on whether diabetes predisposes to infection with SARS-CoV-2. Data consistently show that diabetes increases risk of severe COVID-19. As both diabetes and worse COVID-19 outcomes are associated with socioeconomic disadvantage, their intersection warrants particular attention.</p>

Antidiabetics: Structural Diversity of Molecules with a Common Aim

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (18) ◽  
pp. 2140-2165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelena B. Popovic-Djordjevic ◽  
Ivana I. Jevtic ◽  
Tatjana P. Stanojkovic
Keyword(s):  
Structural Diversity ◽  
World Health ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Epidemic Disease ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Dipeptidyl Peptidase Iv Inhibitors ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1 ◽  
Health Organization

Background: Diabetes mellitus type 2 (DMT2) is an endocrine disease of global proportions which is currently affecting 1 in 12 adults in the world, with still increasing prevalence. World Health Organization (WHO) declared this worldwide health problem, as an epidemic disease, to be the only non-infectious disease with such categorization. People with DMT2 are at increased risk of various complications and have shorter life expectancy. The main classes of oral antidiabetic drugs accessible today for DMT2 vary in their chemical composition, modes of action, safety profiles and tolerability. Methods: A systematic search of peer-reviewed scientific literature and public databases has been conducted. We included the most recent relevant research papers and data in respect to the focus of the present review. The quality of retrieved papers was assessed using standard tools. Results: The review highlights the chemical structural diversity of the molecules that have the common target-DMT2. So-called traditional antidiabetics as well as the newest and the least explored drugs include polypeptides and amino acid derivatives (insulin, glucagon-like peptide 1, dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitors, amylin), sulfonylurea derivatives, benzylthiazolidine- 2,4-diones (peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ agonists/glitazones), condensed guanido core (metformin) and sugar-like molecules (α-glucosidase and sodium/ glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors). Conclusion: As diabetes becomes a more common disease, interest in new pharmacological targets is on the rise.

Novel Coronavirus 2019 Outbreak: A Global Epidemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 1458-1464
Author(s):  
Sweta Kamboj ◽  
Rohit Kamboj ◽  
Shikha Kamboj ◽  
Kumar Guarve ◽  
Rohit Dutt
Keyword(s):  
World Health ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Global Epidemic ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Government ◽  
Tract Disease ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact

Background: In the 1960s, the human coronavirus was designated, which is responsible for the upper respiratory tract disease in children. Back in 2003, mainly 5 new coronaviruses were recognized. This study directly pursues to govern knowledge, attitude and practice of viral and droplet infection isolation safeguard among the researchers during the outbreak of the COVID-19. Introduction: Coronavirus is a proteinaceous and infectious pathogen. It is an etiological agent of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). Coronavirus, appeared in China from the seafood and poultry market last year, which has spread in various countries, and has caused several deaths. Methods: The literature data has been taken from different search platforms like PubMed, Science Direct, Embase, Web of Science, who.int portal and complied. Results: Corona virology study will be more advanced and outstanding in recent years. COVID-19 epidemic is a threatening reminder not solely for one country but all over the universe. Conclusion: In this review article, we encapsulated the pathogenesis, geographical spread of coronavirus worldwide, also discussed the perspective of diagnosis, effective treatment, and primary recommendations by the World Health Organization, and guidelines of the government to slow down the impact of the virus are also optimistic, efficacious and obliging for the public health. However, it will take a prolonged time in the future to overcome this epidemic.

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