scholarly journals SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS AS IT RELATES TO TRAVEL BEHAVIOUR IN SIDS: A CASE STUDY IN TRINIDAD

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leah Wright ◽  
Trevor Townsend
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Revealed Preference ◽  
Travel Behaviour ◽  
Transportation System ◽  
Transportation Policy ◽  
Sociodemographic Characteristics ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
The Government ◽  
Bus Service

The objective of this research was to analyse the relationship between sociodemographic characteristics and the travel behaviour of Trinidadians. Many studies have shown that a relationship exists between the socio-economic and sociodemographic characteristics of an individual and their travel patterns. A better understanding of this relationship can influence transportation policy decisions and therefore, aid in improvement to the overall transportation structure. This understanding of travel behaviour is of particular importance in developing countries and SIDS, where there is limited geographical space, economic constraints and an influx of competitive unregulated paratransit modes into the transportation system. Trinidad, like other developing countries and SIDS, has a public transportation system that is dominated by paratransit modes. More notably, there is increasing penetration of illegally operated paratransit modes, that are aggressively competing in the market and gaining a lot of traction. Data was collected in January 2018 using a revealed preference survey of commuters’ work-based tours in, Trincity, a middle-income housing area with good highway and public transportation access. Results showed that income, age, distance from workplace and gender all affect the likelihood of public transport usage as a primary mode of a work tour and there were gender-based differences in the incidence of walking as part of the tour. Additionally, although most public transportation users considered the government bus service as the safest and illegal paratransit services as the least safe, the usage of such services was more than five times that of the bus. The research points to important service and policy actions which need to be taken to encourage and support shifts to more sustainable modes.

Explaining Public-Private Partnership Projects through Political Factors: An Assessment of Developing Countries

2021 ◽  
pp. 003232172110403
Author(s):  
Noemí Peña-Miguel ◽  
Beatriz Cuadrado-Ballesteros
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Political Ideology ◽  
Political Competition ◽  
Public Private Partnership ◽  
Public Private Partnerships ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Private Partnership ◽  
The Government

This article analyses the effect of political factors on the use of Public Private Partnerships in developing countries. According to a sample of 80 low- and middle-income countries over the period 1995–2017, our findings suggest that Public Private Partnership projects are affected by political ideology, the strength of the government and electoral cycles. Concretely, they tend to be used by left-wing governments to a greater extent than governments with other ideologies. Public Private Partnerships also tend to be more frequently used by fragmented governments and when there is greater political competition. There is also some evidence (although slight) on the relevance of the proximity of elections in explaining Public Private Partnerships in developing countries.

scholarly journals Public Transportation in South Africa: Challenges and Opportunities

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 352 ◽  
Author(s):  
David P. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Transportation Policy ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Bus Rapid Transit ◽  
African Government ◽  
Transportation Projects ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
The Government

<p><em>This article engages with several important questions regarding the state of public transportation in South Africa. It provides a brief description of the historical legacy of apartheid in relation to public transport, and the challenges this posed to the government after 1994. This is followed by a summary of the changing policy frameworks in the post-apartheid era, and an examination of the current policies, trajectories, and major transportation projects within the country. For example, this includes a more detailed discussion of major infrastructure projects such as the Gautrain and Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) in the form of Rea Vaya. Overall, the article argues that the South African government is struggling to build an inclusive public transportation infrastructure that addresses issues of poverty, access, and inequality. Finally, the article will conclude with a set of recommendations to build a more inclusive transportation policy framework for South Africa. </em></p>

scholarly journals The Role of Medicine Pricing Policy for Improving the Affordability of Medicines

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 172
Author(s):  
Yusi Anggriani
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Price Competition ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Pharmaceutical Product ◽  
Small Country ◽  
Pricing Policy ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Bargaining Position ◽  
Medicine Prices ◽  
The Government

Medicine is a pharmaceutical product that has imperfect market characteristics. This affects affordability to the community, and therefore it is necessary for the government to regulate medicine prices. Medicine prices can be regulated in the medicine supply chain by the industry, importers, distributors and health facilities such as pharmacies, hospitals and medicine sellers. Developed and high income countries generally regulate the prices of medicines and are part of a health insurance system. In contrast with the situation in developed countries, medicine pricing regulation in developing countries and Lower Middle Income Countries is not well established. The regulation of mark-ups in distribution channels is the most common strategy used by LMIC. Small country with only a few pharmaceutical facilities has a weak bargaining position, generally the government cannot set prices. The application of cost-plus pricing is quite effective if it is implemented in a small country. In developing countries with a large market segment and adequate pharmaceutical industry facilities the price competition method is an effective strategy option to get lower prices. In practice, the application of  medicine pricing policy is dynamic. The medicine pricing system in a country can be changed or combined with other methods if the evaluation does not provide optimal results or generates unintended impacts.

scholarly journals Kebijakan Transportasi Online dan Konflik Sosial

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-136
Author(s):  
Bambang Istianto ◽  
Taufan Maulamin
Keyword(s):  
Public Transportation ◽  
Social Conflict ◽  
Transportation Policy ◽  
Taxi Driver ◽  
Taxi Drivers ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Organization And Management ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
The Government ◽  
Definition Of

This research aims at doing analysis and evaluation forward the governments Policy Concerning “ Online Transportation”. The Policy Nomenclature is in the regulation of transportation ministry No. 26 in 2017 on the implementation of public transportation which is not operating on a certain route online transportation operation has become phenomenal because of causing a social conflict. This has been going on for 2 years and it has not been settled up to now. Public transportation in the field of public administration is called public goods. The Availability and Implementation become the government's obligation. This research aims to do an evaluation on the government policy which has caused a social conflict. The Method of research used is a qualitative-descriptive research. The population in this research is transportation operators such as online taxi drivers, conventional taxi driver, vehicle owners and online taxi users. The sample taking technic done is based on random sampling, to completed the analysis forward the online transportation policy was done an in-depth interview and as “ key informants”, namely” Policymakers” -Online transportation operators. The research of the research thas found that the formulation process of the policy has not been done comprehensively and integrally. There are different perception and definition of the government’s intention and public transportation and definition between the government’s intention and public policy found that the support of an organization, human implementation of the budget suggests that the government improve the formulation and implementation through the strengthening of the support of the reliable and organization and management so that social conflicts won’t take place.

scholarly journals Enhancing the Development of Sustainable Modes of Transportation in Developing Countries: Challenges and Opportunities

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 2030-2042
Author(s):  
Mohammed Dahim
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Transportation System ◽  
Sustainable Transportation ◽  
Gulf Region ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
The Impact

All modes of transport can be seen to bring some influence to bear on a country’s economic growth, health, and environment. However, the impact differs among developing countries. This paper presents an assessment and evaluation of the development of a sustainable transportation system in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). For this study, data were collected about the four transportation modes of sea, air, road and rail. The data were analyzed to determine the current condition, needs, challenges, and opportunities for improvement for each mode of transportation. Problems associated with each transportation mode were addressed and solutions to overcome these problems were recommended. The results indicate that while sea transportation provides the country with freight transport, it is of limited service to passengers in the Gulf region or on the Red Sea. Air transportation meets the needs of Saudi Arabia with international connections, but domestic flights provide limited passenger transport to the wealthy and are not an effective mode of transport for short distances. Road transport is the most popular mode for the general public but is associated with numerous problems such as the environment, health, noise, a high accident rate, and being the first cause of death in the country. Rail transportation seems to be the mode which is most sustainable for the future. It is essential that KSA meets public demand for public transportation with a reliable, cost effective, and safe public transportation system. Doi: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091776 Full Text: PDF

scholarly journals Sea Transportation System Policy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ma Junyu ◽  
Ong Argo Victoria ◽  
Devina Arifani
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Allocation ◽  
National Development ◽  
Transportation System ◽  
Transportation Policy ◽  
Maritime Transportation ◽  
Marine Transportation ◽  
Transportation Services ◽  
Smooth Flow ◽  
Sea Transportation ◽  
The Government

The government policy regarding sea tolls is to navigate goods transportation, guarantee the availability of goods, reduce price disparities, and ensure the continuity of goods transportation services to underdeveloped, remote, and border areas. Maritime transportation development policies are directed at increasing the role of the national shipping fleet, both domestic and export-import by applying the cabotage principle; eliminating illegal levies at ports through improved coordination for all agencies related to the loading and unloading process and meeting international shipping standards and the implementation of International Ship and Port Security; restructuring the shipping legislation and its implementation, as well as institutions in the marine transportation sub-sector in order to create conditions that are capable of attracting private interest in the development of marine transportation infrastructure. Sea transportation policy is defined as the lifeblood of increasing national development for the smooth flow of people, goods and information. This policy supports the optimal allocation of economic resources, so that sea transportation services are fairly evenly available and affordable for the people’s purchasing power. Keywords: policy, sea transportation system, national development

scholarly journals Why Public Bus is a Less Attractive Mode of Transport: A Case Study of Putrajaya, Malaysia

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhamad Nazri Borhan ◽  
Ahmad Nazrul Hakimi Ibrahim ◽  
Deprizon Syamsunur ◽  
Riza Atiq Rahmat
Keyword(s):  
Customer Service ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Kuala Lumpur ◽  
The Public ◽  
Transport Safety ◽  
The Government ◽  
Bus Service ◽  
Mode Of Transport ◽  
The City

This paper investigates the constraints that limit the use of public bus by people commuting to work in Putrajaya, Malaysia. Putrajaya was built to replace the city of Kuala Lumpur as the new administrative centre for the government of Malaysia. This research adopted qualitative methods which involved a total of 29 respondents who use car and/or bus to commute to their workplaces. The findings of this study show that several factors, such as reliability, safety, and customer service, play considerable roles in promoting the use of public transportation. The respondents agree that reliability (e.g. frequency, punctuality, and transfer) is an important factor in choosing a particular mode of transport. Safety is one of the major concern amongst the respondents, which need to be improved along with customer satisfaction of the public bus service. The results of this study suggest that a more reliable and accessible service is required to promote public bus as an attractive mode of transport.

Water reforms in developing countries: management transfers, private operators and water markets

Water Policy ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 573-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Slim Zekri ◽  
K. William Easter
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Water Rights ◽  
Water Markets ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Water Charges ◽  
The Government ◽  
Lease Contracts

This paper analyzes the irrigation management transfer (IMT) experience in four middle-income developing countries and explores the links for private sector participation in providing water service and irrigation management. The four countries considered in the analysis are Mexico, Morocco, South Africa and Tunisia. The IMT program was successful where farmers had their water rights established, farms are medium and large scale with good access to markets and the government had a strong political willingness to empower users. The IMT programs that focused mainly on farmers' participation and empowerment through Water User Associations (WUA) have not been very successful. Private sector management has proved a feasible alternative in a number of countries. Experiences from Australia, China, France and Mali show that the private sector can efficiently manage irrigation systems and collect water charges, even in the absence of formal WUAs. Two additional alternatives could be of interest for irrigation schemes; these are management contracts and lease contracts. Another alternative would be to reform public entities and create new models that can ensure efficiency and transparency. The establishment of water rights is key in many cases since it guarantees access to water. The water rights are most effective in improving water use when allocated to farmers rather than to the private/public operator. After the establishment of water rights, farmers will have an incentive to organize in order to obtain better service. The paper also provides an overview of different types of water markets where private operators may play the intermediate role between willing buyers and sellers of water based on information obtained through the management of the network.

scholarly journals Transportation policy potholes: analyzing Metro Manila’s COVID-19 response

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (1&2) ◽  
pp. 293-312
Author(s):  
Cielo Magno ◽  
Kevin Daniel Quizon ◽  
Dante Gatmaytan
Keyword(s):  
Public Transportation ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Transportation Policy ◽  
The Road ◽  
Essential Services ◽  
Metro Manila ◽  
Public Transportation System ◽  
The Government ◽  
Philippine Government

Before the COVID-19 pandemic, the Philippine government was already implementing policies and building infrastructure aimed at improving the country’s road-based public transportation system and alleviating impacts of traffic congestion, especially in Metro Manila. However, with the pandemic, new priorities emerged. Public transportation now plays a vital role in controlling the spread of the disease while, at the same time, ensures that essential services are accessible, and public transport providers are sufficiently supported. This paper analyzes the road-based public transportation policies of the government during the pandemic using a multi-dimensional framework. In general, and in principle, we see that the government policies issued are consistent with the recommended transport policies that must be implemented during such crisis. However, there are some strategies that are untimely implemented, such as the mandatory utilization of the integrated terminals, the forced consolidation of transport providers, and the continuing modernization of jeepneys.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document