scholarly journals Genetic yield control in sugar beet hybrids obtained by diallel crosses

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. O. Kornieieva
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Genetic Control ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Gene Interaction ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Ecological Plasticity ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits ◽  
Significant Additive Effect

Purpose. The aim of our study was to determine the combination ability of the studied pollinators and identify the genetic control of the yield sign in interline diallel hybrids of sugar beet. Methods. The source material was homozygous as a result self-pollination. The combination ability and genetic control of quantitative traits were determined by the Hayman model. Results. Genetic analysis revealed that sugar beet pollinator line demonstrated genetic control of yield in diallel sugar beet hybrids by 14 genes and gene groups. Lines (BZ 1 and BZ 4) with high general combination ability demonstrated a significant additive effect of genes were selected. The effects of specific combination ability, which significantly affected the yield of heterosis hybrids, were revealed. Their share of influence was 36.4 and 23.8%, respectively. High-yielding hybrid combinations of parent genotypes were selected. They are transferred to reproduction and testing for ecological plasticity. Conclusions. Genetic control of the yield sign in diallel hybrids is found based on the Hаyman model. The influence of the combination ability of sugar beet pollinators was determined and the best parent genotype pairs were selected. According to the effects of specific gene interaction, the best combinations have been identified that can be used as sources of economically valuable traits.

Character of inheritance of economic markings in flax

2018 ◽  
pp. 53-59
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Drozd ◽  
Yevhen Zaika ◽  
T Pyvovar
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Control ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
F2 Hybrids ◽  
First And Second Generation ◽  
Actual Ratio ◽  
Selection Of

In the first and second generation of hybrids revealed different character of inheritance of basic qualitative and quantitative traits – dominance, heterosis, over-domination and intermediate inheritance, which allows to assume high efficiency of individual selections in the following generations, with the selection of transgressive forms. The actual ratio of distribution groups in F2 hybrids and the genetic control of these traits in parental forms by weight of 1000 seeds were determined. The source material and the perspective hybrid combinations in the breeding nursery were studied and the perspective numbers were distinguished according to the complex of features.

Оценка образцов картофеля

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.A. Lapshinov ◽  
А.N. Gantimurova ◽  
V.I. Kulikova ◽  
V.P. Кhodayevа
Keyword(s):  
Source Material ◽  
Potato Cultivars ◽  
World Collection ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits

В 2016–2017 годах в коллекционном питомнике изучали 170 образцов картофеля мировой коллекции ВИР и других НИУ с целью выделения источников ценных признаков. По комплексу хозяйственно ценных признаков выделилось 7 сортов. Сорта и гибриды, выделившиеся по отдельным признакам и комплексу признаков, используют в селекционной работе как исходный материал для создания новых сортов картофеля.In 2016–2017 years the collection nursery studied 170 samples of potatoes of world collection of VIR and other research enterprises to select sources of valuable traits. The complex of economically valuable traits stood out 7 cultivars. Cultivars and hybrids released for individual signs and the complex signs used in breeding as source material for creating new potato cultivars.

Evolution and Selection of Quantitative Traits

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce Walsh ◽  
Michael Lynch
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Quantitative Genetics ◽  
Complex Traits ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Real World Data ◽  
Holistic Treatment ◽  
Genetics And Genomics ◽  
Selection Of

Quantitative traits—be they morphological or physiological characters, aspects of behavior, or genome-level features such as the amount of RNA or protein expression for a specific gene—usually show considerable variation within and among populations. Quantitative genetics, also referred to as the genetics of complex traits, is the study of such characters and is based on mathematical models of evolution in which many genes influence the trait and in which non-genetic factors may also be important. Evolution and Selection of Quantitative Traits presents a holistic treatment of the subject, showing the interplay between theory and data with extensive discussions on statistical issues relating to the estimation of the biologically relevant parameters for these models. Quantitative genetics is viewed as the bridge between complex mathematical models of trait evolution and real-world data, and the authors have clearly framed their treatment as such. This is the second volume in a planned trilogy that summarizes the modern field of quantitative genetics, informed by empirical observations from wide-ranging fields (agriculture, evolution, ecology, and human biology) as well as population genetics, statistical theory, mathematical modeling, genetics, and genomics. Whilst volume 1 (1998) dealt with the genetics of such traits, the main focus of volume 2 is on their evolution, with a special emphasis on detecting selection (ranging from the use of genomic and historical data through to ecological field data) and examining its consequences. This extensive work of reference is suitable for graduate level students as well as professional researchers (both empiricists and theoreticians) in the fields of evolutionary biology, genetics, and genomics. It will also be of particular relevance and use to plant and animal breeders, human geneticists, and statisticians.

Genetic Analysis of Quantitative Traits in Synthetic Population 316P02 of Maize (Zea mays L.)

2001 ◽  
Vol 29 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 77-84
Author(s):  
Nenad Vasić ◽  
Djordje Jocković ◽  
Mile Ivanović ◽  
Luiz Peternelli ◽  
Milisav Stojaković ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Synthetic Population

scholarly journals An analytical method for the identification of cell type-specific disease gene modules

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinting Guan ◽  
Yiping Lin ◽  
Yang Wang ◽  
Junchao Gao ◽  
Guoli Ji
Keyword(s):  
Disease Gene ◽  
Gene Interaction ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Specific Disease ◽  
Cell Type Specific ◽  
Gene Modules ◽  
Disease Associated Genes

Abstract Background Genome-wide association studies have identified genetic variants associated with the risk of brain-related diseases, such as neurological and psychiatric disorders, while the causal variants and the specific vulnerable cell types are often needed to be studied. Many disease-associated genes are expressed in multiple cell types of human brains, while the pathologic variants affect primarily specific cell types. We hypothesize a model in which what determines the manifestation of a disease in a cell type is the presence of disease module comprised of disease-associated genes, instead of individual genes. Therefore, it is essential to identify the presence/absence of disease gene modules in cells. Methods To characterize the cell type-specificity of brain-related diseases, we construct human brain cell type-specific gene interaction networks integrating human brain nucleus gene expression data with a referenced tissue-specific gene interaction network. Then from the cell type-specific gene interaction networks, we identify significant cell type-specific disease gene modules by performing statistical tests. Results Between neurons and glia cells, the constructed cell type-specific gene networks and their gene functions are distinct. Then we identify cell type-specific disease gene modules associated with autism spectrum disorder and find that different gene modules are formed and distinct gene functions may be dysregulated in different cells. We also study the similarity and dissimilarity in cell type-specific disease gene modules among autism spectrum disorder, schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. The functions of neurons-specific disease gene modules are associated with synapse for all three diseases, while those in glia cells are different. To facilitate the use of our method, we develop an R package, CtsDGM, for the identification of cell type-specific disease gene modules. Conclusions The results support our hypothesis that a disease manifests itself in a cell type through forming a statistically significant disease gene module. The identification of cell type-specific disease gene modules can promote the development of more targeted biomarkers and treatments for the disease. Our method can be applied for depicting the cell type heterogeneity of a given disease, and also for studying the similarity and dissimilarity between different disorders, providing new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis and progression of diseases.

scholarly journals Evaluation of onion samples (Allium cepa L.) of various origins in the foothill zone of the North Caucasus and creation of source material fo

2021 ◽  
pp. 58-64
Author(s):  
I. S. Mastyaev ◽  
A. F. Agafonov ◽  
L. V. Krivenkov
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
F1 Hybrid ◽  
The North ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits ◽  
High Yields

Relevance. The success of breeding work is largely determined by the source material, the search and creation of which for target breeding begins with the collection and study of collectible samples for the alignment of morphological features; for the precocity and amity of maturation; for the keeping quality and transportability of bulbs; for the quality of vegetable products (high content of biologically active substances and antioxidants); for resistance to biotic and abiotic stressors of a specific growing zone.Materials and methods. On the basis of the North Caucasus branch FSBSI FSVC, 90 samples of spring onions from 26 countries of the world were evaluated in the number nursery for the period from 2017 to 2019, 71 of them were varieties and 19 were F1 hybrids. In a hybrid nursery, 25 hybrid combinations obtained from FSBSI FSVC (VNIISSOK) were evaluated. The laying and placement of experiments, agricultural techniques of cultivation, accounting and evaluation of economically valuable traits, biochemical analyses were carried out according to generally accepted methods. The standards are the new Primo and Ampex varieties of the selection of the FSBSI FSVC and the Italian F1 hybrid Ranko, which were placed every 10 collection samples.Results.According to the results of the assessment, among the studied F1 varieties and hybrids, sources of economically valuable traits such as yield (20-27 t/ha), precocity (80-90 days), preservation (more than 85%) when laid for long-term storage up to 7 months, purple, white and pink color of bulbs, as well as sources of long-shaped bulbs were identified. The greatest interest for breeding for yield is represented by 9 promising varieties and 9 F1 hybrids of onions of various origins, as well as 4 hybrid combinations that were distinguished by high yields, the yield of marketable products and the mass of marketable bulbs. These samples are recommended for use in the breeding process as sources for the creation of new varieties and hybrids with high yields for the agro-climatic conditions of the foothill zone of the North Caucasus.r breeding

scholarly journals Study of collection samples of table watermel with unconventional pulp color

2021 ◽  
pp. 11-15
Author(s):  
N. G. Baybakova ◽  
G. V. Varivoda
Keyword(s):  
Economic Value ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Genetic Traits ◽  
High Dry Matter ◽  
Pulp Consistency ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits

Relevance. The study of the collection is one of the main sources of replenishing the source material for the breeding process. The presence of the necessary genetic traits can speed up the breeding process. Therefore, at the Bykovskaya melon breeding experimental station, the genetic diversity of melon plants is assessed and promising samples are selected for use in breeding.Materials and methods. The object of research was samples of table watermelon with an unconventional color of the pulp. The aim of the work is to study and isolate the source material of watermelon for use in the breeding process to create new varieties and hybrids of melon crops. In the course of the study, 12 varieties of table watermelon were identified from 33 varieties of the collection nursery, which are sources of economically valuable traits. The selection was carried out according to the yield, the rate of entry into fruiting, taste, color of the pulp.Results. In the course of the research, the obtained samples of table watermelon with an unconventional color of the pulp were evaluated according to a set of economic characteristics in comparison with the standards: Zenith and Sinchevsky. The analysis of the tested samples made it possible to identify 12 samples by economically valuable traits: 3 samples by early maturity and taste: White sugar lump, White wonder, Golden revenge F1; 7 samples with a high dry matter content, in terms of yield and large fruit: Moon and stars yellowflesh, Sweet Siberian, Orangeglo, Daisy, Clay county yellow meat, Mountain sweet yellow, Tendergold; 2 samples for color and pulp consistency: Early moon beane Bakerlneek, Tenderweet orange. The selected samples meet the modern requirements of the industrial melon growing industry, resistant to stress factors of the environment, good taste and consumer properties.Findings. The obtained experimental data will be used to create a genetic collection of watermelon according to the traits that determine the economic value of the gene pool for further use in the breeding process. 

scholarly journals Genetic Analysis of Field Trials of Sex-linked Translocation Strains for Genetic Control of the Australian Sheep Blowfly Lucilia cuprina (Wiedemann)

1985 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 275 ◽  
Author(s):  
GG Foster ◽  
WG Vogt ◽  
TL Woodburn
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Genetic Control ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Lucilia Cuprina ◽  
Native Population ◽  
Australian Sheep ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Progeny Tests ◽  
Release Method

The results of progeny tests of males and females captured during two field trials of sex-linked translocation strains for genetic control of L. cuprina are presented. Males released as mature larvae survived to adulthood and mated with field females. However, the levels of genetic death introduced into the population were insufficient to suppress the native population. This was due partly to seasonal ineffectiveness of the release method, and partly to poor performance of the released males. On average, the mating competitiveness of the released males was only one-third that of field males, whereas their field-reared, translocation-bearing sons were fully competitive with native males.

scholarly journals Genetic analysis of quantitative traits in the Japanese population links cell types to complex human diseases

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 390-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahiro Kanai ◽  
Masato Akiyama ◽  
Atsushi Takahashi ◽  
Nana Matoba ◽  
Yukihide Momozawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Japanese Population ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Human Diseases
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