scholarly journals Evaluation of Heavy metals pollution around Kano municipal solid waste Dumpsites, Kano state, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 146-152
Author(s):  
M. Z. Karkana ◽  
◽  
Mujahid Ajah Matazu
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Pollution Indices ◽  
Surface Soils ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration

The research was conducted to assess the level of heavy metals contamination using single and integrated pollution indices in soils around municipal solid waste dumpsites of Kano Metropolis, Kano State, Nigeria. Forty two soil samples were collected from seven municipal solid waste dumpsites of Kano metropolis using circular plot method. A stainless hand auger at a depth of (0 to 15) top soils and sub-surface soils (15-30cm) depth were collected and analyzed with Flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer to determine the heavy metal concentration. The mean concentration (mg/kg) of heavy metals from the depth of (15-30 cm) were observed to follow a decreasing order Pb (7.71)>Zn (0.50) > Ni (0.45) > Cr (0.31) > Cd (0.025) while for surface soils (0- 15cm) the mean concentration were in the following order: Pb (1.77) > Ni (0.49) > Zn (0.30) > Cr (0.27) > Cd (0.012).The results showed that calculated CF and Er recorded that investigated soil samples are uncontaminated with Zn, Pb, Cd, Cr and Pb and Ni. The pollution load index (PLI) was less than unity showing that there was minimum pollution in the studied dumpsite. The potential ecological risk showed that soil samples were in the class of low contaminated with the studied heavy metals. The results showed that concentrations of heavy metals of soil samples from dumpsites location at waste dumpsites of Kano Metropolis were within limits of European Union (2002) standards. Keywords: Heavy metals, single and integrated pollution indices Kano, Municipal dumpsites

Determination of Residual Heavy Metals in an Incinerator Bottom Ash from Municipal Solid Waste Power Plant

2020 ◽  
Vol 901 ◽  
pp. 65-71
Author(s):  
Woravith Chansuvarn
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Microwave Digestion ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption ◽  
Digestion Technique ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Copper Zinc

Bottom ash is a part of by-product from the municipal solid waste power plants which is always a wider problem for the urban and rural communities due to its disposal plants may cause serious environmental pollution. This work was focused on the residual heavy metal in an incinerator bottom ash from the municipal waste power plant placed in Nongkham district, Bangkok. Four bottom ash samples were obtained in 2017. After drying and grounding, the bottom ash samples were prepared to clear solution with the microwave digestion technique using nitric, hydrochloric and hydrofluoric acid under the heating program. The total residual heavy metals in the incinerator bottom ashes, such as lead, copper, zinc, and cadmium were determined by using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer (FAAS) with deuterium background correction. The total concentration of lead, copper, zinc and cadmium were found in the range of 280.40-354.22mg kg-1, 365.35-524.45 mg kg-1, 1,527.25-2,074.34 mg kg-1, and 0.48-1.02 mg kg-1, respectively. The recovery of all metals was found in the range of 89.4-101.2% and the relative standard deviation (RSD) was to be 2.15-3.55 % (n=7). The concentration of zinc, copper, and lead was found high levels, while cadmium was low concentration. Heavy metals in solid waste material occur in different chemical forms and phases. The sample preparation based on the microwave digestion was successfully developed for the waste samples with a good reliability.

scholarly journals CONCENTRATION OF HEAVY METALS IN THE SOIL AND PLANTS AROUND WASTE DUMPSITES IN ENUGU METROPOLIS, NIGERIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
M. N. Okeke ◽  
Paul Chukwuka Eze ◽  
C. N. Eze
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Control Site ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Plant Sample ◽  
Solid Waste Disposal ◽  
Dump Site

<strong>Aims:</strong> The purpose of this project is to find the concentration of heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Pb, As, Cr, Ni, Cd, Fe and Mn) in the top soil and the plant around the waste dumpsite from Enugu municipal solid waste disposal sites. <strong>Methodology and results: </strong>This was done through collection of soil samples from four designated public municipal solid waste dump sites (Ngwo Umueze, Presidential, New-market and Emene) in Enugu metropolis. The soil samples were collected at 10 metres intervals away from the centre location point of each dump site at constant depth (0 - 15 cm were mixed together and sample picked from it). The samples collection design are as follows: centre (0m) of the dump sites, 10 metres, 20 metres, 30 metres and the control sample which measured 65 metres away from the centre of dumpsites at the same depth. Plant samples were taken just at the centre (0m) and control measures which is at 65 meters distance away from each dump sites. The Goat grasses harvested were taken to the lab to check and analyse its heavy metals intake from the soil. These samples were analysed using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AA320N) model. On the average, high concentrations of Zn, Fe, Mn, Cu, and Pb were found in the soil samples collected at the centre of the dump sites as 141.70, 121.5, 75.53, 70.33 and 64.53mg/kg respectively. The lower concentrations were obtained in the soil samples taken at the control site which 65 metres distance away from the centre of the four dump sites as 12.00, 81.55, 8.70, 9.56 and 6.51mg/kg for Zn, Fe, Mn, Cu, and Pb respectively. In the plant sample, concentration of Fe (98.00 mg/kg) was found to be the highest in the root at New market dumpsites, while Nil concentration of as (Nil mg/kg) was the least value at Emene from the control distance. <strong>Conclusion, significance and impact study:</strong> SPSS statistical package was used to find out the significant differences between the treatments mean (heavy metals). The result shows that the heavy metals analyses were within the acceptable or permissible limit by WHO/FAO.

Optimized atomic absorption spectrophotometry of calcium in erythrocytes.

1987 ◽  
Vol 33 (11) ◽  
pp. 2004-2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Nomoto ◽  
S Shoji
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Graphite Tube ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration

Abstract We sought to establish optimum conditions for measuring calcium in erythrocytes by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The conditions we selected are as follows. Wash one volume of fresh heparin-treated packed cells once with 30 volumes of isotonic buffered saline (pH 7.4) at a temperature somewhat exceeding 25 degrees C. Dilute the washed packed cells 10-fold with 12 mmol/L hydrochloric acid, and analyze the supernate for calcium. Measure the hematocrit of the washed packed cells, then analyze an aliquot of them for calcium, using a computer-readout type of flame or a non-flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer equipped with a pyrocoated graphite tube. The temperature program is 1000 degrees C for ashing [corrected] and 1800 degrees C for the atomizing cycle. Intraday and day-to-day reproducibility of the assay was 6.55% and 8.19%, respectively, at the mean concentration of calcium in the erythrocytes of healthy adults, which is 4.30 mumol/L.

Heavy Metal Concentration in Seawater at Villa Beach, Iloilo City, Philippines

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
BRIAN GIL S. SARINAS
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentration ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Arts And Sciences ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Physiochemical Parameters ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Seawater Samples

This study was conducted due to the dearth of studies on heavy metals atVilla Beach, Iloilo City. It aimed to determine the presence and quantities ofavailable heavy metals specifically cadmium, chromium and lead in the watercolumn (surface, middle and bottom). Water physiochemical parameters weredetermined such as pH, salinity and temperature. Five sampling areas wereidentified in the shores of Villa Beach. One liter was collected in each layerof each sampling area for a total of 15 seawater samples and was immediatelytransported to the College of Arts and Sciences-Analytical Service Laboratory ofthe University of the Philippines Visayas, Miag-ao, Iloilo for the quantificationof heavy metals through flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer (FAAS). The pH values range from 7.513-7.933, 10.6-11.566 ppm for salinity and 27.5-31.233 °C for five sampling areas. Average dissolved chromium and lead werehighest at station four with 0.545 mg/L and 0.771 mg/L, respectively. Averagecadmium was highest at station one with 0.021 mg/L. The mean of Pb > Cr >Cd < Pb in the water column of the five sampling areas but was not significant. Available cadmium, chromium and lead exceeded the permissive value set by DENR AO No. 34 (1990). This study provides information and awareness tothe public about the present available heavy metals in Villa Beach, Iloilo City. Keywords - Heavy metals, cadmium, chromium, lead, flame atomic absorptionspectrophotometry, Philippines

scholarly journals Health Risk Analysis of Heavy Metals (Cr, Fe, Hg & Ni) in Edible Vegetables in Yala Urban Area of Cross River State, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Akpe, Michael Akomaye ◽  
Ashishie, Providence Beteluwhobel ◽  
Inezi, Faith Patrick
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Cross River ◽  
Cross River State ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration

Aim: The aim of the study was to determine concentration of heavy metals in the soil and edible vegetables planted consumed Yala Urban Area of Cross River State, Nigeria, ascertained the level of metals contamination and the possible health risk or implication. Sampling: Forty eight (48) soil and edible vegetable samples (6 of each kind of the 8 vegetables) were collected randomly from Yala Urban Area of Cross River State. The eight vegetables considered for the study were Amaranthus spp., Corchorus olitorius, Murraya koenigii, Ocimum grattissimum, Solanum melongena, Talinum triangulare, Telferia occidentalis and Vernonia amygdalina. They were collected between January and March for dry season, and July and September for rainy season of the year.  Methodology: The samples were digested and analyzed for the Cr, Fe, Hg and Ni (heavy metals) concentration using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS) in the Chemistry Laboratory, University of Calabar. Results: The results showed that the mean concentration of the metals in the soil in mgkg-1 ranged from (0.063 - 0.108) and (0.049 - 0.104) in rainy and dry seasons respectively for Cr, and (0.026 - 0.124) and (0.013 - 0.119) in rainy and dry season respectively for Fe. The mean concentration accumulated by the vegetables ranged from (0.037- 0.063) and (0.029 - 0.066) in rainy and dry season respectively for Cr and (0.012- 0.071) and (0.008- 0.086) in rainy and dry season respectively. Hg and Ni were neither detected in the soil nor in the vegetables. The trend of the metals in both the soil and vegetable was in the order: Cr > Fe> Hg> Ni. The Target Hazard Quotients were all less than 1, indicating no health risk. Conclusion: These results suggest that there is no significant difference between the amount of metals in the soil or that accumulated by the vegetables in rainy and dry seasons of the year. Also the amount of metals accumulated by most of the vegetables was directly proportional to the amount present in the soil where they are planted. These results indicate that the concentration of Cr, Fe, Hg and Ni in the soil and vegetables were still low and within the permissible limits of WHO/FAO. Thus, the consumption of the vegetables in the area may not pose any risk at the moment.

scholarly journals Concentration of Selected Heavy Metals in Soil and Edible Vegetables in Obanliku Urban Area of Cross River State, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Michael Akomaye Akpe ◽  
Joseph Odey ◽  
John Akwagiobe Agwupuye
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Chemistry Laboratory ◽  
Cross River ◽  
Cross River State ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration

The soil and edible vegetable samples were collected from Obanliku Urban Area of Cross River State and were digested and analyzed for the cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), iron (Fe) and mercury (Hg) (heavy metals) concentration using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS) in Chemistry Laboratory, University of Calabar. The eight vegetables were considered such as Amaranthus spp., Corchorus olitorius, Murraya koenigii, Ocimum grattissimum, Solanum melongena, Talinum triangulare, Telfaira occidentalis and Vernonia amygdalina. The results revealed that the mean concentration of the metals in the soil in mgkg-1 ranged from (0.003-0.017) and (0.003-0.015) for Cd, (0.005-0.040) and (0.004-0.038) for Cr, and (0.052-1.541) and (0.050-1.511) for Fe in rainy and dry seasons respectively. Also, the mean concentration of the metals accumulated by the vegetables in mgkg-1 ranged from (0.002-0.010) for Cd, (0.003-0.018) and (0.003-0.016) for Cr, and (0.013-0.175) and (0.013-0.150) for Fe in rainy and dry season respectively. The concentration of Hg was not detected in the soil or vegetables. The mean concentration accumulated by the vegetables and that present in the soil was in the order: Fe > Cr > Cd > Hg. These results showed that there is no significant difference between the amount of metals in the soil or that accumulated by the vegetables in rainy and dry seasons of the year. Also the amount of metals accumulated by most of the vegetables was directly proportional to the amount present in the soil where they are planted. The bioaccumulation ratios and Target Hazard Quotients (THQ) were all less than 1. The results indicate that the concentration of Cd, Cr, Fe & Hg in the soil and vegetables were still low and within the permissible limits of WHO/FAO. Thus, the consumption of the vegetables in the area at the time when this study was carried out may not pose any health risk.

scholarly journals Contamination and Pollution Studies of Heavy Metals in Sand Filter Media Waste Dumpsite in Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 581-588
Author(s):  
I.L. Ikoko ◽  
C.I. Osu ◽  
M. Horsfall
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Contamination Factor ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Pollution Indices ◽  
Filter Media ◽  
Degree Of Contamination ◽  
Sand Filter ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer

The contamination and pollution level of five Heavy Metals in spent Sand Filter Media [SFM] waste dumpsite was investigated to ascertain the contamination, pollution and possible migration in that environment. Samples were collected at the surface, 0.1m depth and 100m away from the dumpsite and analysed using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (FAAS) for concentration of Cr, Fe, Mn. Ni and Pb ions. Geochemical Pollution Indices were used to evaluate the contamination and pollution level of the HMs comparatively using the world shale average values and the experimental control value. Results obtained showed highest concentration of 12.50mg/kg for Fe and lowest detectable concentration of 0.2mg/kg for Ni at the top of the dumpsite. All five heavy metals had low concentrations compared to WHO and national standards for soil qualityboth at the top and 0.1m depth of the dumpsite. Percentage concentrations of the heavy metals at the top showed 78.81, 12.04, 7.88, 1.26% in the order Fe >>> Cr > Mn > Ni > Pb with the values of Ni and Cr at 0.1m depth slightly higher indicating some level of migration. Contamination Factor Cf, depicts very severe contamination to slight pollution at the top with minimum of 0.714 and maximum of 1.471. Degree of Contamination Cd, of <8 and Modified Degree of Contamination mCd <1.5 showed low contamination. The pollution load index, PLI values of < 50 depicts that no drastic rectification measure was needed which concludes that the SFM dumpsite was contaminated but technically not polluted. Keywords: Surface mobility, Yenagoa, heavy metal contamination, Pollution indices, Bayelsa State

scholarly journals Speciation Study of Heavy Metals in Soil within the Vicinity of a Metal Recycling Factory at Ile-Ife, Southwestern Nigeria

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1141-1159 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Adekunle Oyedele Oyekunle ◽  
Abolanle Saheed Adekunle ◽  
Aderemi Okunola Ogunfowokan ◽  
Lateefat Moyosore Durosinmi ◽  
Olusola Adelowotan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
Contamination Index ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer ◽  
Metal Recycling ◽  
Speciation Study

A speciation study of Al, Cd, Cu, Mn, Pb and Zn in soil samples from a metal recycling factory in Ile-Ife Osun State, Nigeria, was carried out in order to assess the heavy metal pollution impact of the industrial processes on the immediate environment. Surface soil dust samples collected within the vicinity of the factory were subjected to a five-stage sequential extraction process. Levels of heavy metals in each fraction were determined using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (FAAS). The overall mean values obtained for the metals in the fractions gave the range: Al (0.03 ± 0.01 to 0.20 ± 0.01 µg/g ); Cd (0.03 ± 0.01 to 0.23 ± 0.02 µg/g) ; Cu (2.93 ± 0.02 to 18.30 ± 1.95 µg/g) ; Mn (17.33 ± 0.03 to 91.68 ± 2.90 µg/g); Pb (0.03 ± 0.01 to 0.43 ± 0.02 µg/g)  and Zn (8.20 ± 0.01 to 35.08 ± 0.02 µg/g) . Both the contamination index and enrichment factor results indicated that all the soil samples were contaminated with Cd while a few sites showed Cu contamination. The mobility potential of the metals in the soil sample decreased in the order: Mn > Al > Zn > Cd > Cu > Pb (West) and Cd > Al > Pb > Zn > Mn > Cu (East). The study revealed that the soil around the metal recycling factory is contaminated with heavy metals, and if left unmonitored and controlled could lead to serious environmental risk in the future. 

scholarly journals Accumulation of Lead and Cadmium in Soil and Vegetable Crops along Major Highways in Agra (India)

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 1174-1183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shashank Sharma ◽  
F. M. Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer ◽  
High Traffic Density ◽  
Aerial Deposition

Environmental pollution of heavy metals from automobiles has attained much attention in the recent past. The present research was conducted to study Pb and Cd level concentrations in soil and vegetations along a major highway with high traffic density. Soil and vegetable samples along highway were collected from 10 sites in Agra district (India) and analyzed for two heavy metals (lead and cadmium) using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The soil physicochemical properties were also determined. The general decrease in concentrations of these metals with distance from the highway indicates their relation to traffic. Higher accumulations of metals have been observed on vegetation and soil samples near to the highway (0-5 m) than on vegetation and soil samples from sites a little farther away ( at 5-10 m & 10-15 m). This is attributed mainly to aerial deposition of the metal particulates from motor vehicles. The values of heavy metals were compared with results found by other investigators in various countries worldwide.

scholarly journals Heavy Metals Accumulations And Health Risk Assessment Of Faba Bean Grow On Soil Amended With Municipal Solid Waste Compost, Biochar And Co-Composted Biochar

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zewdu Abebe Tessfaw ◽  
Abebe Beyene ◽  
Amsalu Nebiyu ◽  
Krzysztof Pikon ◽  
Marcin Landrat
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption ◽  
Msw Compost

Abstract Health risk assessment of heavy metals is crucial before large scale applications of municipal solid waste (MSW) as organic fertilizer. This study aimed to estimate Pb, Cd and Cr accumulation and health risk in faba bean (Vicia faba L.) grow on soils amended with MSW compost, biochar and co-composted biochars (5%, 15% and 25% w/w). The heavy metal concentrations were measured by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy. Bioaccumulation Factor (BAF), Estimated Daily Intake (EDI), Hazard Quotient (HQ) and Hazard Index (HI) were calculated. Results showed that Pb, Cd and Cr concentrations in the amended soils and faba bean grain were lower than WHO permissible levels. The EDIs of Pb, Cd and Cr in grains for all amendments were much lower than the reference doses established by USEPA and FAO/WHO. HQs and HIs of heavy metals were < 1 for all amendments indicating that consumption of faba bean grow on MSW compost, khat biochar and co-composted biochar collected from Jimma city was safe related to human health risks. Low accumulation of heavy metals in faba bean indicating that the low fraction of e-waste in the MSW. Since faba bean grain is not accumulator, it’s potential of heavy metals excluder needs further explorations.

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