The effect of menstrual cycle phase on multiple performance test parameters

Objective: To determine changes in flexibility, dynamic balance, agility, vertical jump, aerobic capacity, anaerobic capacity, and muscle strength performances in women in the early follicular and midluteal phases of the menstrual cycle. Material and Methods: The study included eumenorrheic women over 18 years of age. Ovulation was detected using LH urine kits. Physical activity levels were determined using the "International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form". Flexibility was evaluated with the sit-and-reach test, dynamic balance with the Y balance test, agility with the hexagon agility test, anaerobic power with the vertical jump test, aerobic capacity with the 20-meter shuttle run test, anaerobic capacity with the Wingate test, and muscle strength with an isokinetic dynamometer. Results: Twenty women participated in the study. The average age was 22.4 ± 0.9 years, and the average level of physical activity was 1162.2 ± 189.1 MET-min/week. The average menstrual cycle was 30.3 ± 0.5 days. The ‘minimum power’ value in Wingate test was higher during the midluteal phase compared with the follicular phase (p=0.048). The remaining parameters were not statistically different for the two menstrual phases (p>0.05). Conclusion: We conclude that different phases of the menstrual cycle affect performance parameters minimally and do not cause a statistically significant difference. Nevertheless, instead of establishing these changes as ‘clinically non-significant’, each athlete should be evaluated on an individual basis to develop individual training programs by taking into account the phases of the menstrual cycle.

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THE EFFECT OF AEROBIC GYMNASTIC TRAINING AT MENSTRUAL CYCLE PHASE AND PERCEPTION ON MAXIMUM AEROBIC CAPACITY

10.31227/osf.io/zv3rm ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Umar Nawawi

Keyword(s):

Menstrual Cycle ◽

Aerobic Capacity ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Female Students ◽

Cycle Phase ◽

Positive Perception ◽

Menstrual Cycle Phase ◽

Negative Perception ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Maximum Aerobic Capacity

This study was intended to investigate the effect of aerobic gymnastic training at the menstrual cycle phase and perceptions of female students of Sport Science Faculty of State University of Padang on maximum aerobic capacity. The research was conducted using repeated factorial design 2 x 3. Aerobic gymnastic training was a treatment given to the menstrual cycle phase as independent variables, perception as the attribute variable, and the maximum aerobic capacity as the dependent variable. 40 students were taken by using purposive sampling technique as the samples from 170 female students enrolled at 2010/2011 academic year. The data of menstrual cycle phase and perception were collected by using questionnaires while the data of maximum aerobic capacity were taken by using MSFT (beep test). The data of maximum aerobic capacity were then analyzed using by inferential statistics ANOVA 2 x 3 two paths .The data analysis and interpretation indicate that: (1) as the whole, there is a significant difference of the effect of aerobic gymnastic training during premenstrual, menstrual, and postmenstrual phases on the maximum aerobic capacity; (2) there is an interaction between the effects of aerobic gymnastic training during the menstrual phases and the perception on maximum aerobic capacity; (3) there is no significant effect of aerobic gymnastic training during premenstrual and menstrual phases of the students whose positive perception on maximum aerobic capacity; (4) there is a significant effect of aerobic gymnastic training during premenstrual and postmenstrual phases of the female students whose positive perception on maximum aerobic capacity; (5) there is no significant effect of aerobic gymnastic training during menstrual and postmenstrual phases of the female students whose positive perception on maximum aerobic capacity; (6) there is a significant effect of aerobic gymnastic training during premenstrual and menstrual phases of the female students whose negative perception on maximum aerobic capacity; (7) there is no significant effect of aerobic gymnastic training during premenstrual and postmenstrual phases of the female students whose positive perception on maximum aerobic capacity; and (8) there is a significant effect of aerobic gymnastic training during menstrual and postmenstrual phases of the female students whose negative perception on maximum aerobic capacity. The findings imply that the lowness of maximum aerobic capacity of the students during menstruation is not mainly due to the menstruation itself but more to the negative perception during on the maximum aerobic capacity. Therefore, the teachers, lecturers, and trainers are expected to provide the female students (at any levels of education) with better explanation on the menstrual cycle phases and their effects on physical activities (sports)

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P–647 How do migraine attacks change during puberty?

Human Reproduction ◽

10.1093/humrep/deab130.646 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

B Boettcher ◽

A Kyprianou ◽

L Wildt ◽

C Lechner ◽

M Kößler ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Menstrual Cycle ◽

Adolescent Girls ◽

Tanner Stage ◽

Follicular Phase ◽

Adolescent Medicine ◽

Cycle Phase ◽

Reliable Technique ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Registration Number ◽

Daily Headache

Abstract Study question How do the stage of puberty and the menstrual cycle influence characteristics of migraine? Summary answer During puberty, the frequency of migraine attacks increases, especially during the follicular phase. The pattern of migraine changes to a typical adult pattern of migraine. What is known already Up to puberty, headaches are as common in girls as in boys. After the onset of puberty migraine is more prevalent in adolescent girls suggesting an association with sex hormones. Attacks of menstrual migraine are characterized by a longer duration, tend to be more severe, and are less responsive to acute medication compared to migraine attacks which are independent from the menstrual cycle phase. Study design, size, duration For this prospective cohort study 47 girls were recruited from two Departments of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine between 01/2016 and 12/2018. Participants/materials, setting, methods Girls between 7 and 18 years old, diagnosed with migraine without aura according to the “International Classification of Headache Disorders II” diagnostic criteria, took part. Three groups (pre-, peri-, and postpubertal) were formed according to the Tanner stage and the onset of a regular menstruation. Girls kept a daily headache and menstrual cycle diary over 8 weeks. Ovulatory cycles were analyzed by weekly progesterone saliva tests. Main results and the role of chance Three groups according to Tanner stage and onset of regular menstruation were compared: pre- (n = 16), peri- (n = 19) and post-pubertal (n = 12) girls. A significant difference in migraine frequency was found between pre- and post- pubertal girls (p = 0.005). Headache characteristics did not differ significantly between the three groups. Interestingly, a higher frequency of attacks in follicular phase occurred compared to luteal phase (p = 0.030). Limitations, reasons for caution Repeated blood sampling would have been a more reliable technique compared to saliva assays. The sample size is small. Wider implications of the findings: During puberty, the number of migraine attacks but not the specific headache characteristics changes in adolescent girls which should be taken into consideration regarding the management of these patients. Trial registration number AN2013–0027

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Perfusion Changes with Photic Stimulation During two Phases of the Menstrual Cycle: A Pilot Study Comparing Controls and True Menstrual Migraine Patients

Cephalalgia ◽

10.1046/j.1468-2982.2003.00625.x ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 23 (9) ◽

pp. 907-913 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

BM Ances ◽

JA Detre

Keyword(s):

Pilot Study ◽

Menstrual Cycle ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Visual Stimulation ◽

Occipital Lobe ◽

Menstrual Migraine ◽

Phase Changes ◽

Photic Stimulation ◽

Cycle Phase ◽

Significant Difference

This pilot study investigated the effect of menstrual cycle phase (late luteal and mid-follicular) on cerebral perfusion changes during photic stimulation in both controls ( n = 5) and true menstrual migraine patients ( n = 5). No significant differences in resting baseline perfusion were observed between the two groups during either phase of the menstrual cycle. During the late luteal phase, changes in perfusion within the occipital lobe due to photic stimulation were similar for both groups. However, during the mid-follicular phase, occipital perfusion during visual stimulation decreased for controls but significantly increased for true menstrual migraine patients ( P < 0.05). A two way repeated measures ANOVA also demonstrated a significant difference between menstrual migraine patients and controls for photic activation ( P < 0.05).

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Temperamental Traits Versus Individual Physical Fitness Components and a Physical Activity Level

Journal of Human Kinetics ◽

10.1515/hukin-2015-0049 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 46 (1) ◽

pp. 211-217

Author(s):

Dominik Bernatowicz ◽

Paweł Izdebski ◽

Tomasz Boraczyński ◽

Michał Boraczyński

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Reaction Time ◽

Physical Fitness ◽

Aerobic Capacity ◽

Emotional Reactivity ◽

Dynamic Balance ◽

Activity Level ◽

Future Research ◽

Fitness Components ◽

Activity Questionnaire

AbstractThe main aim of the study was to examine whether relationships exist between particular temperamental traits within the concept of Regulative Theory of Temperament and components of physical fitness, that are most crucial for success in sport. The research involved 108 individuals including 63 men (age 21.1 ± 1.6 yrs) and 45 women (age 20.7 ± 1.3 yrs). None of the respondents were professionally engaged in sport. Components of physical fitness included: aerobic capacity, strength, agility, static-dynamic balance and reaction time. The respondents also completed two questionnaires: the Formal Characteristics of Behaviour – Temperament Inventory and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. The results indicate that the temperamental traits had average to poor correlations with the components of physical fitness, whereas more statistically significant correlations were observed in women. Negative correlations were obtained between emotional reactivity and agility, which was a result confirmed by previous research. All temperamental traits related with the energetic aspects of behaviour correlated with simple reaction time in women. Physical activity and aerobic capacity did not correlate with any of the studied traits. The results do not allow for any general conclusions to be drawn, but can serve as a reference point for future research on temperamental traits as delineated by Regulative Theory of Temperament and their relationship with the components of physical fitness.

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Effect on Physical Fitness of a 10-Year Physical Activity Intervention in Primary Health Care Settings

Journal of Physical Activity and Health ◽

10.1123/jpah.2013-0143 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 102-108 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Priscila M. Nakamura ◽

Camila B. Papini ◽

Inaian P. Teixeira ◽

Alberto Chiyoda ◽

Eliete Luciano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Primary Health Care ◽

Muscle Strength ◽

Physical Fitness ◽

Aerobic Capacity ◽

Dynamic Balance ◽

Test Time ◽

Health Care Settings ◽

Primary Health ◽

Primary Health Care Settings

Background:Interventions in primary health care settings have been effective in increasing physical fitness. In 2001, the Programa de Exercício Físico em Unidades de Saúde (Physical Exercise in Health Primary Care Program—PEHPCP) was launched in Rio Claro City, Brazil. The intervention consisted of biweekly, 60-minute group sessions in all primary health care settings in the city. This study evaluated the effect of PEHPCP on physical fitness and on the aging process after a decade of ongoing implementation.Methods:There were 409 women (50 ± 26 y old) and 31 men (64 ± 10 y old) who were eligible for this study. Every 4 months, participants completed the American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance standardized tests.Results:Program participation was associated with a reduced effect, compared with baseline, of the natural decline of physical fitness caused by aging, as represented by changes in the following measures: coordination test time, −0.44 seconds; agility and dynamic balance test time; −1.81 seconds; aerobic capacity test time, 3.57 seconds; and muscle strength exercises, +0.60 repetitions. No significant effect on flexibility was found.Conclusions:The PEHPCP showed potential in improving muscle strength, coordination, aerobic capacity, and agility and dynamic balance in participants and in maintaining flexibility in participants.

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Efficacy of a Botanical Supplement with Concentrated Echinacea purpurea for Increasing Aerobic Capacity

ISRN Nutrition ◽

10.1155/2014/149549 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

David Bellar ◽

Kaitlyn M. Moody ◽

Nicholas S. Richard ◽

Lawrence W. Judge

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Aerobic Capacity ◽

Experimental Period ◽

Echinacea Purpurea ◽

Test Analysis ◽

Paired Samples ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Maximum Aerobic Capacity ◽

Physical Activity And Exercise ◽

Botanical Supplements

The present investigation evaluated the efficacy of a botanical supplement that delivered a concentrated dose of Echinacea purpurea (8 grams day−1). The participants were 13 apparently healthy, recreationally active college students (VO2 max: 51 mL O2/kg*min). The participants were provided with a 30-day supplementation regime. Data regarding maximum aerobic capacity was collected through pre- and posttesting surrounding the 30-day supplementation regime. The participants were instructed to maintain normal levels of physical activity and exercise during the experimental period. The levels of physical activity and exercise were monitored via the Leisure and Physical Activity Survey. The participants did not report any significant increases in aerobic physical activity or exercise during the supplementation period. Paired samples t-test analysis did not reveal a significant difference in maximum aerobic capacity, t12=0.67, P=.516. Presupplementation maximum aerobic capacity (M=51.0, SD=6.8) was similar to postsupplementation values (M=51.8, SD=6.5). This study suggests that botanical supplements containing a concentrated dose of Echinacea purpurea is not an effective intervention to increase aerobic capacity of recreationally active individuals.

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Blood Plasma Hormone–Level Influence on Vocal Function

Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research ◽

10.1044/2020_jslhr-19-00224 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 63 (5) ◽

pp. 1376-1386

Author(s):

Laura W. Plexico ◽

Mary J. Sandage ◽

Heidi A. Kluess ◽

Ana M. Franco-Watkins ◽

Leslie E. Neidert

Keyword(s):

Menstrual Cycle ◽

Fundamental Frequency ◽

Group Differences ◽

Cycle Phase ◽

Vocal Function ◽

Hormone Levels ◽

Acoustic Measures ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Reproductive Females ◽

Cycle Group

Purpose This preliminary study examined the influence of menstrual cycle phase and hormone levels on acoustic measurements of vocal function in reproductive and postmenopausal females. Mean fundamental frequency (f0), speaking fundamental frequency (Sf0), and cepstral peak prominence (CPP) were evaluated. It was hypothesized that Sf0 and CPP would be lower during the luteal and ischemic phases of the menstrual cycle. Group differences with lower values in postmenopausal females and greater variability in the reproductive females were also hypothesized. Method A mixed factorial analysis of variance was used to examine differences between reproductive and postmenopausal females and the four phases of the menstrual cycle. Separate analyses of variances were implemented for each of the dependent measures. Twenty-eight female participants (15 reproductive cycling, 13 postmenopausal) completed the study. Participants were recorded reading the Rainbow Passage and sustaining the vowel /a/. Mean vocal f0, Sf0, and CPP were determined from the acoustic samples. Blood assays were used to determine estrogen, progesterone, testosterone, and neuropeptide Y levels at four data collection time points. Results Group differences in hormone levels and Sf0 values were established with the postmenopausal group having significantly lower hormone levels and significantly lower Sf0 than the reproductive cycling group across the phases. Analysis of the reproductive group by hormone levels and cycle phase revealed no significant differences for CPP or Sf0 across phases. Higher estrogen was identified in the ovulation phase, and higher progesterone was identified in the luteal phase. Conclusions Significant differences in hormone levels and Sf0 were identified between groups. Within the reproductive cycling group, the lack of significant difference in acoustic measures relative to hormone levels indicated that the measures taken may not have been sensitive enough to identify hormonally mediated vocal function changes. The participant selection may have biased the findings in that health conditions and medications that are known to influence voice function were used as exclusion criteria.

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Athletic Performance and the Oral Contraceptive

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance ◽

10.1123/ijspp.4.2.151 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 151-162 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Claire Rechichi ◽

Brian Dawson ◽

Carmel Goodman

Keyword(s):

Oral Contraceptive ◽

Menstrual Cycle ◽

Athletic Performance ◽

Female Athletes ◽

Anaerobic Power ◽

Anaerobic Capacity ◽

Reproductive Hormones ◽

Aerobic Performance ◽

Cycle Phase ◽

Physiological Variables

Some reports suggest variation in physiological responses and athletic performance, for female athletes at specific phases of the menstrual cycle. However, inconsistent findings are common due to the inappropriate verification of menstrual cycle phase, small subject numbers, high intra- and interindividual variability in estrogen and progesterone concentration, and the pulsatile secretion of these hormones. Therefore, the oral contraceptive (OC) cycle may provide a more stable environment in which to evaluate the acute effect of reproductive hormones on physiological variables and exercise performance. To date, most of the OC research has compared differences between OC use and nonuse, and few researchers have examined within-cycle effects of the OC. It is also apparent that OC use is becoming far more prevalent in athletes; hence the effect of the different exogenous and endogenous hormonal profiles on athletic performance should be investigated. Research to date identifies potential for variation in aerobic performance, anaerobic capacity, anaerobic power and reactive strength throughout an OC cycle. The purpose of this review is to present and evaluate the current literature on the physiology of exercise and athletic performance during the OC cycle.

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Energy Requirements of the American Professional Flamenco Dancer

Medical Problems of Performing Artists ◽

10.21091/mppa.2001.2008 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 47-52

Author(s):

M Elizabeth Pedersen ◽

M Virginia Wilmerding ◽

Brenna T Kuhn ◽

Eva Enciñias-Sandoval

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Aerobic Capacity ◽

Anaerobic Power ◽

Anaerobic Capacity ◽

Wingate Test ◽

Energy Requirements ◽

Published Data ◽

Maximal Aerobic Capacity ◽

Convenience Sample ◽

Men And Women

The purpose of this study was to examine the aerobic and anaerobic capacities of professional American flamenco dancers in order to understand the energy requirements of this dance form. Eleven professional flamenco dancers from Albuquerque, New Mexico, provided a convenience sample (men = 4 and women = 7). There were three components to the testing: body composition measured with skinfold calipers, maximal aerobic capacity (VO2max) as determined by a graded exercise test with measured expired gases, and anaerobic capacity measured with a Wingate test. The mean age of the dancers was 28.45 years (24–44 years) and there was a mean of 13.5 years of performance experience (2–40 years). Both men and women were below average in terms of body composition, with a mean of 9.96% body fat (BF) for men (5.25– 13.09%BF) and 16.35%BF for women (12.96–20.17%BF). Mean maximum aerobic capacity was 51.63 mL · kg–1 · min–1 for men (40.7– 59.5 mL · kg–1 · min–1) and 38.78 mL · kg–1 · min–1 for women (32.9–43.8 mL · kg–1 · min–1), categorizing both as above average for their respective sexes. Results of the Wingate test gave a mean peak power of 16.2 W/kg (13.7–18.3 W/kg) and 11.3 W/kg (8.6–14.3 W/kg) for men and women, respectively; with a fatigue index of 65.5% (62–74%) for men and 56.1% (35.2–68.1%) for women. These results are nearly 25% higher than other published data on anaerobic athletes. Thus, flamenco dancers have a substantial anaerobic power output. Based upon the results of this study, it is suggested that the training of flamenco dancers include an aerobic and an anaerobic component.

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