scholarly journals Integrating the landscape vulnerability into developing rural places: a framework for rural landscape vulnerability evaluation from human-natural perspective

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ye Wu ◽  
◽  
Tingting Yu ◽  
Hong Leng ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component ◽  
Rural Landscape ◽  
Driving Factors ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Environment Change ◽  
Index Method ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
Comprehensive Index Method ◽  
Rural Places

According to the formation of urban-rural structure in the process of global urbanization, rural area plays an important role in supporting the healthy, liveable environment in cities and villages. With the dual pressure of ecological environment change and rapid urbanization, the rural landscape has obvious problems, resulting in the degradation or even disappearance of rural landscape, and assimilation of rural civilization. In order to identify the rural landscape problems and reveal its formation mechanism, this paper proposes a specific framework to analyze the vulnerability indicators of rural landscape, to reflect the vulnerability of rural human-natural systems and explore the driving factors, and to propose corresponding planning strategies to cope with the vulnerability and shaping liveable places. The study focuses on the typical villages in representative county, located in Heilongjiang, China. Based on the vulnerability components of exposure, sensitivity and adaptation, we construct the evaluation index of rural landscape vulnerability, and use the comprehensive index method to calculate the vulnerability threshold of 12 typical villages, exploring the driving factors combining Factor Analysis and Principal Component Analysis. Further, the framework will propose a way to communicate with practitioners and policy makers on reducing or coping with landscape vulnerability. It can thus serve as a tool for targeting the implementation of policies and practices aimed at improving the liveable rural settlements environment in villages.

Electricity Competitiveness Evaluation Research Based on Principal Component Analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 960-961 ◽  
pp. 1467-1472
Author(s):  
Dong Xiao Niu ◽  
Qiong Wang ◽  
Peng Wang ◽  
Shu Yi Zhou ◽  
Wei Dong Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Evaluation Research ◽  
Correlation Method ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Evaluation Index System ◽  
Index Method ◽  
Comprehensive Index ◽  
Comprehensive Index Method

This paper constructs the evaluation index system of electricity competitiveness in terminal energy consumption, evaluates the electricity competitiveness in Ningxia region from 2005 to 2011 using principal component analysis (PCA), and compares the evaluation results of PCA, the linear weighted method, the comprehensive index method and TOPSIS-grey correlation method. The compatibility degree and difference degree of each method are analyzed and calculated to verify the applicability of the PCA. The results show that PCA is the most scientific and appropriate evaluation method.

scholarly journals Quality Index Evaluation Model of MPP Sold under the E-Commerce Platform

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Chen Li ◽  
Junjie Zeng ◽  
Xinfeng Jin ◽  
Wenwen Chu
Keyword(s):  
Index System ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Quality And Safety ◽  
Index Method ◽  
Index Evaluation ◽  
The Index System ◽  
Comprehensive Index Method ◽  
Original Index

The paper was intended to address the deficiencies of quality and safety appraisement methods for mobile power pack (MPP) sold on e-commerce platforms. Based on the comprehensive index method, the quality index evaluation model of MPP under e-commerce platform was constructed by combining principal component analysis (PCA), cluster analysis, and analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The index system firstly analyzed the factors related to the quality and safety of MPP and determined the original index. Then, the original index was optimized by combining PCA and clustering analysis, and the index system of the index evaluation model was determined. Finally, the weights of various indexes were determined by AHP, to complete the quality index evaluation model for MPP sold under the e-commerce platform.

Baseline Values for Heavy Metals in Soils on Ny-Alesund, Spitsbergen Island, Arctic: The Extent of Anthropogenic Pollution

2013 ◽  
Vol 779-780 ◽  
pp. 1260-1265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Ling Hao ◽  
Feng Wang ◽  
Hai Zhen Yang
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Anthropogenic Pollution ◽  
Anthropogenic Contamination ◽  
Index Method ◽  
Metal Contents ◽  
Accumulation Index ◽  
Baseline Values ◽  
Geo Accumulation Index ◽  
Cumulative Sums

Heavy metal contents (Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Hg, Pb) have been measured in 40 surface soils on Ny-Alesund, Spitsbergen Island, Arctic, which were in concentrations (in milligrams kilogram1) of 13.3-127 (Cr), 1.72-38.8 (Ni), 7.84-47.3 (Cu), 26.5-123 (Zn), 2.17-9.22 (As), 0-2.4 (Cd), 0.21-0.38 (Hg), 0-129 (Pb). Relative cumulative sums analysis and relative cumulative frequency analysis were used to determine the baseline values for the 8 metals, yielding values of Cr (24.7 mg/kg), Ni (6.24 mg/kg) , Cu (11.5 mg/kg) , Zn (77.3 mg/kg) , As (2.60 mg/kg) , Hg (0.27 mg/kg) , Pb (4.38mg/kg). Geo-accumulation index method was applied in order to determine the extent of anthropogenic contamination. Principal component analysis was put into use aiming to identify the sources of these heavy metals. The results showed that Pb, Cr, Cd and Hg have been significantly elevated in concentration by human activities.

scholarly journals The study of rural landscape at the farm scale: changes in traditional signs and structures

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (2s) ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Ludwiczak ◽  
S. Benni ◽  
P. Tassinari
Keyword(s):  
Landscape Management ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Rural Landscape ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Rural Landscapes ◽  
Italian Case ◽  
First Results ◽  
Farm Scale ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Landscape Transformations

The importance of cultural, historical and identity values of traditional rural landscapes is widely acknowledged in the relevant scientific fields and in legislation. Furthermore, the knowledge of their evolution represents a fundamental basis in order to manage landscape transformations appropriately. The work is part of a broader research aimed at developing and testing a method for the systematic high time and spatial resolution assessment of changes in traditional rural landscape signs. We describe here the main phases of this original quantitative method and a summary of the first results over an Italian case study. A set of parameters allows to provide complementary information about the evolution of the main characters of rural settlements and their components. This proves to be essential to achieve a deep understanding of the traditional physiognomy of places, and to support landscape management and restoration, and the definition of transformation projects.

Comparative Study on Indoor Air Quality Evaluation Method

2012 ◽  
Vol 178-181 ◽  
pp. 267-271
Author(s):  
Xing Yang Leng ◽  
Ping Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Index Method ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation Method ◽  
Comprehensive Index Method ◽  
Grey Relational

This paper reviewed six kinds of indoor air quality (IAQ) evaluation methods, by which the same IAQ status were evaluated. Besides, the relations and distinctions of six methods were also analyzed. The results indicate that the evaluation results of different methods on the same sample are not identical. Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, pollution loss rate method and comprehensive index method are relatively accurate, and improved grey relational analysis method has the largest error.

scholarly journals Living and Planning on the Edge: Unravelling Conflict and Claim-Making in Peri-Urban Lahore, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Cermeño
Keyword(s):  
Urban Governance ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Spatial Transformation ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
City Development ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Population Growth Rates ◽  
Governance Practices ◽  
Inclusive Approach ◽  
High Population Growth

In Lahore, Pakistan’s second largest city, high population growth rates, decades of rural-urban migration, and rampant land and real-estate speculation have contributed to the rapid urbanization of peri-urban land and the engulfing of pre-existing rural settlements. Lahore’s spatial transformation goes hand in hand with an increasingly complex urban governance framework. Historically shaped by colonial planning institutions and decades of political instability as power alternated between military and civilian regimes, Pakistan’s governance practices have contributed to increasing levels of urban segregation and inequality. This raises questions around the in- and exclusionary role of planning in fostering or constraining residents’ access to housing and services. Comparing three vignettes and drawing upon insights gained from extensive fieldwork, this article employs the concept of ‘access-assemblages’ to analyze how access to urban resources—i.e., land, housing, and services—is experienced, disputed, and negotiated in the rapidly urbanizing peri-urban fringe of Lahore. The cases represent different spatial and socio-political configurations brought about by a variety of actors involved in the planning and development of the city’s periphery as well as in contesting development: private developers, the army, the city development authorities, and the residents of affected villages. The analysis unpacks the planning rationalities and mechanisms that reinforce inequalities of access and exclusions. Unfolding practices that enable or hinder actors’ ability to access resources sheds light on the complex layers assembled in urban planning in Lahore and serves as a basis to rethink planning towards a more inclusive approach.

Redevelopment of Rural Settlements in Lizhuang Town, Yibin City, China

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 50-54
Author(s):  
Yin Pan ◽  
Tiejun Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Southwest China ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Traditional Sense ◽  
Urbanization In China

Due to the rapid urbanization in China, the living environment in urban areas improves considerably, while that in rural settlements does not improve remarkably, or even worsens. The purpose of the research is to propose an organizational approach to the improvement of the living environment in the poverty-stricken rural settlements and an architectural design pattern under a variety of requirements in the context of China’s rapid urbanization and socio-economic development in the redevelopment of rural settlements in Yongsheng Village, Lizhuang Town, Yibin City of Sichuan Province in Southwest China. In this redevelopment project, the architects, as the important third party, are not just architects in the traditional sense in that they are involved in the organizational process and architectural design throughout the whole project. The redevelopment project has been completed, and is aimed at providing a scientific redevelopment model and a design method for other rural residents by guiding them in the improvement of their living environment under a variety of restrictions.

Research on the Spatial Effect of Green Economic Efficiency in China from the Perspective of Informatization

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinbao Tian ◽  
Chuanhao Yu
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Structure ◽  
Spillover Effect ◽  
Coordination Mechanism ◽  
Green Economy ◽  
Spatial Econometric ◽  
Index Method ◽  
Spatial Spillover ◽  
Regional Coordination ◽  
Comprehensive Index Method ◽  
Spatial Spillover Effect

Abstract Background: Green economy has been paid more and more attention in the information age. Informatization plays an important role in the development of green economy by the transmission of industrial structure rationalization and upgrading. Because of the spatial mobility of information, it is necessary to study the spatial spillover effect of information on the efficiency of green economy. In this paper, the non-radial directional distance function and the comprehensive index method are used to evaluate the efficiency of green economy and informatization respectively. On this basis, the spatial characteristics of the two are analyzed. Finally, the spatial econometric model is used to analyze the spatial impact of informatization on the efficiency of green economy. Results: The following findings can be drawn: (i)The spatial distribution of the green economy efficiency and informatization are unbalanced; (ii) There is a significant spatial spillover effect in the efficiency of green economy; (iii) The development of informatization plays an important impact on the efficiency of green economy. Conclusions: It can be seen that informatization plays an important role in the development of green economy, so we can get the following suggestions: (i) Developing green economy according to different conditions of different places. (ii) Establishing regional coordination mechanism of green economic development. (iii) Using informatization to promote the development of green economy.

The rural landscape of the Romano-British land-owning elite

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Rippon
Keyword(s):  
Residential Building ◽  
Typical Feature ◽  
Rural Landscape ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Roman Britain ◽  
Country House ◽  
Roman Villa ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Latin Term

Rural settlement in Roman Britain has been the subject of many previous studies (e.g. Rivet 1958; 1964; Thomas 1966a; Dark and Dark 1997; Taylor 2007a), although in the past there has been a tendency to assume that lowland regions were uniformly ‘Roman’ and characterized by villas. The construction of villas represents the conscious adoption of a distinctively ‘Roman’ style of architecture by the land-owning class, and rather than being ‘nouveaux riche’ (Russell and Laycock 2010, 111), they are more likely to have been descended from old elites within the pre-Roman kingdoms. The Latin term villa referred simply to a country house, and while in practice the vast majority appear to have lain at the centre of agricultural estates, it is in this true sense—of a country house—that the term is used here (Percival 1988). Most books on Roman Britain try to illustrate the distribution of villas and through simple small-scale maps such as these, and with knowledge of well-known sites such as Bignor and Chedworth, it is easy to draw three assumptions: first, that we know what a Roman villa is, second, that we can map their distribution quite easily, and third that they were a typical feature of lowland areas. All of these assumptions, however, can be questioned. The first—that we understand the nature of Roman villas—seems the most straightforward, although the amount of recent excavation is in fact surprisingly limited as scheduling has protected so many sites from development, andmost of the early work focused on the main residential building as opposed to its ancillary structures. The expansion in first ‘rescue’ and latterly developerfunded excavation has, however, led to a far greater range of rural settlements being excavated and rather than there being a clear divide between ‘villa’ and ‘nonvilla’ sites, we can see that there was a continuum, with low-status timber structures at one end of the scale, palatial houses at the other, and a large number of sites in the middle that meet some, but not necessarily all, of the criteria for being regarded as a villa.

Household Production and the Large Farm Sector

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Pallot ◽  
Tat'yana Nefedova
Keyword(s):  
Household Production ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Agrarian Economy ◽  
Formal Employment ◽  
Large Farm ◽  
Rural Places ◽  
Large Farms

Household production varies according to the range of resources available to it; different environments give rise to different types of production, setting limits upon what can be produced. But as we saw in the previous chapter, in order to gain access to the environmental resources they need, households are at the mercy of a variety of gatekeepers that include local authorities, large farm managements, other private landowners, and the community at large. Among the other actors with which rural households have to interact, by far the most important in most regions are the large farms or ‘agricultural enterprises’. In this respect, there is continuity with the Soviet period when the managements of collective and state farms determined the social, cultural, and political character of rural places and the economic welfare of the rural population. Collective and state farms were like ‘company towns’, but with their authority extending over large territories and embracing a number of populated places. Figure 5.1 shows the territorial arrangement typical of a collective farm during the Soviet period. Since 1991, many of their former areas of authority, both formal and informal, have been withdrawn from large farms; they have lost control of land under rural settlements and they have reduced influence over a range of local services where their interventions used to be decisive. To advocates of market reforms, the retreat of large farms from these areas is a welcome rationalization of the agrarian economy and part of the process of redirecting farm activities towards producing agricultural products by the most efficient means possible. But this retreat has often left a gap that cashstrapped local authorities and private enterprise have not yet been able to plug, so that rural people’s experience of the market transition is of the loss of formal employment and a reduction in the level of services they previously enjoyed. In this situation, it is not surprising that rural Russia has been the scene of a muted, but real, contestation of market reform on the part of people intent on defending their access to resources and services to which they still believe they are entitled.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document