Water Quality Analyses: Evidence from River Gashua and Some Selected Groundwater Sources in Gashua, Nigeria

The interface between surface water and groundwater is becoming more complex owing to the effects of climate change and anthropogenic activities these days. In this study, the physicochemical; pH, color, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, and turbidity while bacteriological parameters; total and fecal coliform of water samples from River Gashua and its surrounding wells in Gashua local government area of Yobe State were assessed. All the physicochemical parameters were analyzed using water quality standards. Fecal and total coliforms were assayed using the filter membrane technique. The results obtained from the physicochemical parameters of Boreholes (BH1, BH2, and BH3) and hand pump wells (HPW1, HPW2, and HPW3) are within the World Health Organization (WHO) standards. However, the river (R) water sample was found to have a high concentration in total dissolved solids, turbidity, and color than permissible standards. Bacteriological analysis revealed the presence of total and fecal coliform in the water samples; R, BH2, BH3, HPW1, HPW2, and HPW3. The findings indicate that there is a need to protect the quality of the river system. Therefore, it is recommended that government and other stakeholders should take appropriate and corrective actions to avert the continuous discharge of waste products into the river. Again, Yobe State Ministry of Environment should ensure that all public boreholes are routinely subjected to appropriate water assays to ascertain their suitability for human consumption.

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Researchof Water Quality and its Chemical Parameters by Titration Method and Instrumenal Method

International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering - Special Issue ◽

10.35940/ijitee.f1176.0486s419 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (6S4) ◽

pp. 871-874

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Electrical Conductivity ◽

Water Samples ◽

Total Dissolved Solids ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Water Quality Parameters ◽

Quality Analysis ◽

Instrumental Method ◽

Titration Method ◽

Dissolved Solids

he water quality analysis is an important aspect in understanding the behavior of water and what can they be used for. This study gives us a valuable information on the general properties of water quality parameters like pH, electrical conductivity, TDS, Bicarbonate, Sulfate, Nitrate, chloride etc. of the study area . Water samples were analyzed at the water quality lab. NIH, Roorkee for pH, electrical conductivity and total dissolved solids. The pH of water varied from 7.14 to 7.75. The electrical conductivity (EC) of sample falls from 620µS/cm to 2000µS/cm. The overall total dissolved solids in water of study area varied from 120mg/l to 900mg/l. Overall the range of the Chloride in water of the study area tend to falls between 13mg/l to 375mg/l. Sulfate of all the water samples that were collected from the study area have ranged from 28mg/l to 250mg .The range of the Bicarbonate of all the water samples varied from 320mg/l to 1051mg/l. The study area helps to know about water quality parameters and how to find their values by usingtwo methods : 1) titration method 2) instrumental method .It also helps us to apply these water quality parameters in ArcGis. It helps us to show the values of different parameters in different blocks ofambala for different years In this we have studied different blocks of ambala district Haryana .We have taken the samples from different places from the blocks and also samples are from wells, canal , rivers, ponds.

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Survey of the Water Quality of the Bahar County Streams (Iran) by NSFWQI

Environment Conservation Journal ◽

10.36953/ecj.2015.se1646 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 16 (SE) ◽

pp. 395-403

Author(s):

Abbas Ghaffari Habib ◽

Seyed Hadi Khatami

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Dissolved Oxygen ◽

Fecal Coliform ◽

Agricultural Sector ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Total Dissolved Solids ◽

Biological Oxygen Demand ◽

Dissolved Solids ◽

The Mean

In Bahar County (Iran), rivers are among the important sources of water for the agricultural sector. Therefore, this research evaluated the parameters of temperature, pH, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), turbidity, nitrate, total phosphate, dissolved oxygen (DO), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD5), and fecal coliform at five stations for five months (from February 2015 to June 2015) to determine water quality in the rivers. Based on this evaluation, the NSFWQI index was calculated and, finally, the routes of the rivers were zoned. The best water quality was recorded at Station Number 3 with the NSFWQI Value of 80 in January, and the worst at Station Number 5 (latgah) with the NSFWQI Value of 37 in June. Based on the mean NSFWQI indices, water quality was Medium at Stations Number 1, 2, and 4, good at Station Number 3, and bad at Station number 5.

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A Detailed Assessment of Groundwater Quality in the Kabul Basin, Afghanistan, and Suitability for Future Development

Water ◽

10.3390/w12102890 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (10) ◽

pp. 2890 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hussain Ali Jawadi ◽

Jay Sagin ◽

Daniel D. Snow

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Future Development ◽

Poor Quality ◽

Physicochemical Analysis ◽

World Health ◽

Total Hardness ◽

Human Consumption ◽

Water Type ◽

Dissolved Solids ◽

Health Organization

Kabul is one of the most populated cities in Afghanistan and providing resources to support this population in an arid climate presents a serious environmental challenge. The current study evaluated the quality of local Kabul Basin groundwater to determine its suitability water for drinking and irrigation purposes now and into the future. This aim was aided through groundwater parameter assessment as well as determination of Water Quality Index (WQI) developed from 15 observation points near the city. The results of our physicochemical analysis illustrate that groundwater in the majority of areas of the Kabul Basin is not generally suitable for human consumption, and in some cases the concentrations of many contaminants are higher than accepted health standards or water quality benchmarks. The aquifer underlies an arid landscape, and because of this 85% of the samples tested are very hard while just over 13% are classified as hard. Groundwater in the Kabul Basin is typically high in calcium and magnesium and overall classified as a calcium bicarbonate water type. Overall, more than 60% of the analyzed samples had concentrations higher than the World Health Organization (WHO) standard of total dissolved solids (TDS), 10% in total hardness (TH), about 30% in turbidity and more than 90% in magnesium. The results show that based on WQI, without treatment, roughly 5% of groundwater in the studied area is unsuitable for human consumption, while 13.3% is very poor and 40% is poor quality water. Approximately 40% of the assessed groundwater has good quality and could be used as drinking water for future development. Groundwater in some areas shows evidence of pollution and high dissolved solids content, rendering these sources unsuitable for either drinking or irrigation purposes.

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IMPACTS OF DUMPSITE ON SOIL AND GROUNDWATER QUALITY: A CASE STUDY OF ERINFUN COMMUNITY, ADO EKITI, SOUTHWESTERN NIGERIA

Environment & Ecosystem science ◽

10.26480/ees.02.2021.112.116 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 112-116

Author(s):

F., F. Akinola ◽

M., O. Lasisi ◽

B., S. Awe

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Drinking Water ◽

Water Sample ◽

Biochemical Oxygen Demand ◽

Water Samples ◽

Physicochemical Parameters ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Soil Samples ◽

World Health ◽

Health Organization

Groundwater pollution has increased as a result of poor waste disposal practices in developing countries. The purpose of this study was to determine the levels of physicochemical parameters and heavy metal concentrations in order to investigate the impact of dumpsites on groundwater and soil quality in Erinfun community. Four (4) water samples were collected hand dug well and four (4) soil samples designated Ss1 to Ss4 were collected at distances of 10, 20, 30 and 40 m, respectively, away from the waste dumpsite. Physicochemical parameters and traces such as odour, colour, taste and temperature, as well as Biochemical Oxygen Demand, Chemical Oxygen Demand, Dissolve Oxygen, Total Dissolve Solid, pH, and chloride were measured in collected water samples. Collected soil samples were also analyzed for heavy metals such as Magnesium, Zinc, Iron, Chromium, and Lead. All the physical parameters of the water samples analysed were found not to be within the acceptable limit of World Health Organization and Nigerian Standard of Drinking Water Quality standards. The chemical constituents tested were within the acceptable limit of World Health Organization and Nigerian Standard of Drinking Water Quality except for the Biochemical Oxygen Demand, Chemical Oxygen Demand and Dissolve Oxygen of water samples 1 and 2, respectively. The concentration of trace metals in water sample test were within health limit except for Magnesium and Iron which has the highest concentrations in water sample 1 at 10 m away from dumpsite (61.00 mg/l and 0.46 mg/l). Consequently, open dumpsites are discouraged, and constructed standard landfills with appropriate monitoring guidelines are recommended.

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Bacteriological and Physicochemical Assessment of Water Quality of the Public Swimming Pools in Klang Valley Malaysia

10.21203/rs.3.rs-106788/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Muhammad Naim Rosli

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Water Samples ◽

Physicochemical Parameters ◽

National Standard ◽

World Health ◽

Personal Hygiene ◽

Plate Count ◽

Total Bacterial Count ◽

Swimming Pools

Abstract Background: Water is essential for life and it been used for various activities such as drinking, bathing, and recreational purposes and also one of the modes of the transmission of the disease.Objective: The objective of this study to assess the presence of bacteriological and physicochemical quality of swimming pools’ water in Lembah Klang, Malaysia.Methodology: Seven water samples collected from outdoor and indoor swimming pools (hotel, apartment, and public swimming pool) in Lembah Klang, Malaysia. Water samples were collected in sterile bottles (30 ml). Physicochemical parameters were determined using water quality testing kit pH & chlorine apparatuses. The water sample was cultured and incubated. The presence of bacteria was counted by the total bacterial count method.Result: The ranges of mean values of the various chlorine level parameters of the selected water samples investigated for the apartment, hotel, and municipal were, 0.56±1.01, 0.77±0.95, and 1.19±0.91. All the physicochemical parameters except conductivity values were within the permissible limits of the World Health Organization (WHO) standards 2006 and American National Standard for Water Quality in Public Pools and Spas (ANSI/APSP) 2015. The mean, standard plate count of water samples from the selected apartment, hotel, and municipal’s swimming pools were, 28407.14±28469.05, 8192.86±10556.36, and 3257.14±6250.17which above the WHO Guideline limit, thus signifying contamination.Conclusion: The study recommends improvement in the personal hygiene of swimmers, adequate cleansing of the pools, and enforcement of standards by the government.

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Preliminary Assessment of Water Quality in Some Hydrocarbon-imparted Ogoni Communities in River State, Nigeria

Journal of Advances in Microbiology ◽

10.9734/jamb/2021/v21i1130403 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 88-97

Author(s):

Caroline Barituka Ganabel ◽

Confidence Kinikanwo Wachukwu ◽

Samuel Douglas Abbey ◽

Easter Godwin Nwokah

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Drinking Water ◽

Water Samples ◽

Physicochemical Parameters ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

World Health ◽

Most Probable Number ◽

Probable Number

Aim: This study aimed to assess the quality of drinking water in some hydrocarbon-impacted Ogoni communities. Study Design: The study employ a cross-sectional and analytical design using stratified sampling method. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Medical Laboratory Science of Rivers State University, Giolee Global Resource Limited and Environmental Consultancy Services between March 2020 and March 2021. Methodology: Water samples were collected from (20 hydrocarbon- impacted communities) in the 4 Local Government Area (LGAs) of Ogoni land. These water samples were analyzed to determine the physicochemical, bacteriological, heavy metal and total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) parameters using standard methods and operational procedures. The data obtained were subjected to descriptive statistical analysis. The general linearized model (GIG) was used to generate analysis of variance (ANOVA) mean and standard error and arrange, statistically significant was set as p-value of .05 (95% confidence limit). Pearson correlation test was used to calculate the correlation between TPH, Heavy metal, and physicochemical parameters in hydrocarbon and non-hydrocarbon impacted communities. All statistical analyses were performed using GraphPad Prism (Version 8). Results: The results obtained for physicochemical parameters were pH 4.3±0.8 mg/l, EC 0.03±0.05 mg/l, DO 5.5±1.6 mg/l, Temp 25.0±0.0 mg/l, Mv 0.32±0.27 mg/l, Nitrite 0.0058±013 mg/l, Nitrate 0.1530±158 mg/l. These results were all below the recommended standard for Nigeria standard of drinking water quality (NSDWQ) and World Health Organization (WHO). The bacteriological analyses were carried out using multiple tubes technique (Most Probable Number), total coliform count, (TC), total heterotrophic count (THBC) and total fungal count (TFC). The results obtained were 0.941±2.397 cfu/ml, 89.3±176.6 cfu/ml, 297.8±144.4 cfu/ml, and 0.32±0.84 cfu/ml respectively. The p-values for TFC (<0.0002) were statistically significant. Heavy metal profiling was: Cr 0.194±0.320 mg/l, Cd 0.469±0.569 mg/l, Cu 0.211±0.348 mg/l, Pb 0.0336±0.20 mg/l, Fe 0.705±1.244 mg/l, Zn 0.258±0.249 mg/l, respectively. Generally, the concentration of heavy metal increased more than the standard recommended by NSDWQ and WHO except for Zn 0.255±0.249 mg/l, and Cu 0.56±0.50 mg/l, that is slightly lower than the acceptable limit recommended by WHO and NSWWQ. The sequences of heavy metal concentration were in Cd > Cr> Pb>Fe> Cu.>Zn. The statistical significance values for Pb p=.003 and for Zn p=.009 were statistically significant. The concentration of TPH were (349.9 ppm/ml) higher than the recommended values for NSDWQ and WHO. Conclusion: The findings in this research reviewed a worrisome level of TPH and Pb, and which could have devastating impact on bacterial biodiversity.

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Bacteriological and Physicochemical Assessment of Water Quality of the Public Swimming Pools in Klang Valley Malaysia

10.21203/rs.3.rs-106788/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Muhammad Naim Rosli

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Water Sample ◽

Water Samples ◽

Physicochemical Parameters ◽

National Standard ◽

World Health ◽

Personal Hygiene ◽

Plate Count ◽

Swimming Pools

Abstract Background: Water is essential for life and it is used for various activities such as drinking, bathing, and recreational purposes and also one of the modes of the transmission of the disease. Objective: The objective of this study to assess the present of bacteriological and the standard of physicochemical quality of swimming pools’ water in Lembah Klang, Malaysia. Methodology: Seven water sample collected from outdoor and indoor swimming pools (hotel, apartment and public swimming pool) in Lembah Klang, Malaysia. The water samples were collected in sterile bottles (30 ml). Physicochemical parameters were determined using water quality testing kit pH & chlorine apparatuses. The water sample than had cultured and incubated. The presence of bacteria was counted by total bacterial count method. Result: The ranges of mean values of the various chlorine level parameters of the selected water samples investigated for the apartment, hotel and municipal were, 0.56±1.01, 0.77±0.95 and 1.19±0.91. All the physicochemical parameters except conductivity values were within the permissible limits of the World Health Organization (WHO) standards 2006 and American National Standard for Water Quality in Public Pools and Spas (ANSI/APSP) 2015. The mean standard plate count of water samples from the selected apartment, hotel, and municipal’s swimming pools were, 28407.14±28469.05, 8192.86±10556.36 and 3257.14±6250.17which above the WHO Guideline limit, thus signifying contamination. Conclusion: The study recommends improvement in personal hygiene of swimmers, adequate cleansing of the pools and enforcement of standards by the government.

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An Appraisal of Groundwater Contamination : A Case Study of Shallow Wells In Agbowo Community, Southwestern Nigeria

International Journal of Scientific Research in Science and Technology ◽

10.32628/ijsrst196417 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 104-115

Author(s):

Abudulawal L. ◽

Apanpa K. A.

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Total Dissolved Solids ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Water Quality Parameters ◽

World Health ◽

Dissolved Solids ◽

Southwestern Nigeria ◽

Permissible Limits ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Shallow Wells

Abundant as it may seem in Nigeria, access to clean and potable water is a great challenge. Hence the reason for determination of the physico-chemical properties of the groundwater in Agbowo community in Ibadan, Oyo state Southwestern Nigeria for domestic uses. Water samples collected from thirty-four (34) shallow wells with varying depths were subjected to chemical analysis. The water quality parameters were analyzed in accordance to standard methods. The groundwater analysis reviewed includes pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids (TDS), others include Ca2+, Mg2+, K+ Na+, Fe2+, NO3, Cl- SO42- and HCO3- The results indicated that the parameters analyzed have some falling within the limits and some above the maximum permissible limits in accordance to Nigeria Industrial Standard (NIS) and World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for drinking water. In general, the data revealed that maxima and minima concentrations of the priority physico-chemical water quality parameters examined in the thirty-four (34) water points were mostly within the Target Water Quality Range (TWQR) for domestic use with little exceptions at some points. However, high nitrate concentrations and Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) above the permissible limits in some of the well water sampled are causes for serious concern. Poor construction, lack of maintenance, proximity to sewage tank and stream, as well as indiscriminate dumping of refuse are suggested as the major causes of this development. The overall implication of this observation call for sustenance and improved water resource management strategy for the area in order to prevent the deterioration of the water sources quality, which may pose associated health risks and environmental hazards.

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Bacteriological and Physicochemical Assessment of Water Quality of the Public Swimming Pools in Klang Valley Malaysia

10.21203/rs.3.rs-106788/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Muhammad Naim Rosli

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Water Samples ◽

Physicochemical Parameters ◽

National Standard ◽

World Health ◽

Personal Hygiene ◽

Plate Count ◽

Total Bacterial Count ◽

Swimming Pools

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Characterizations Of Water Quality In West-Seti and Tamor River Basins, Nepal

Scientific World ◽

10.3126/sw.v14i14.35021 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (14) ◽

pp. 106-114

Author(s):

Narayan Prasad Ghimire ◽

Nita Adhikari ◽

Ramesh Raj Pant ◽

Sudeep Thakuri

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

River Basin ◽

Physicochemical Parameters ◽

Water Quality Management ◽

River Basins ◽

Total Dissolved Solids ◽

The West ◽

Dissolved Solids ◽

Geochemical Composition ◽

Guideline Values

This study presents the geochemical composition and water quality of waters in the West-Seti and Tamor River basins in Nepal Himalaya with the aim to reveal their hydrochemical characteristics and to evaluate the water quality. Water samples were collected from 18 sites of the rivers in the pre-monsoon season and analysed the physicochemical parameters to characterize their quality. The parameters- temperature, pH, conductivity, and total dissolved solids were measured in the field, while the major ions (Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Si4+, SO42−, NO3−, HCO3−, Cl−, and F−) were analyzed in the laboratory. Overall results of physicochemical parameters revealed that the ionic strength is much distinct; however, the waters are chemically pure in both the river basins with very less electrical conductivity (<250 µS/cm) and total dissolved solids (<120 mg/L). Bicarbonate (HCO3−) has a significant correlation with Ca2+ and Mg2+ suggesting carbonate rock weathering as the dominant geochemical process in both of the basins. The concentrations of Ca2+, Mg2+, and HCO3− in the water of the West-Seti is relatively higher than the waters in the Tamor River basin. Mostly, the geochemical facies of both the rivers are characterized by the Ca-Mg-HCO3- type (88.9%), with dominant carbonate dominated lithology. However, hydrochemical facies clearly suggested spatial discrimination between two basins with dominant geogenic signatures as Ca-SO4-Cl type water facies are also reported from the Tamor River basin. The results exhibited that the concentrations of measured parameters were relatively very low and within the WHO guideline values and currently under a safe level of the water quality for drinking and ecosystem health perspectives; however, further in-depth research is recommended in the periodic basis to assess traces of climate change imprints, and anthropogenic interferences for more consistent and reliable dataset. The findings of this study could be useful for the water quality management in the glacier-fed Himalayan River basins.

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