scholarly journals A Global Review of Obesity

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijay. J ◽  
Natarajan. P ◽  
Gokul. V ◽  
Janani. A.M ◽  
Mumthaj. P
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Weight Regulation ◽  
Pharmacological Agents ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Sustained Weight Loss ◽  
Control Body ◽  
Obesity Drugs

Obesity is major health problem and are defined as abnormal or excessive amount of fat accumulation that presents a risk to health. A body mass index (BMI) over 24 is considered overweight, and over 30 is obese. obesity are main risk factors for a number of chronic diseases, like cardiovascular diseases such as heart disease and stroke, which are the leading causes of death worldwide. Over 800 million people around the world are living with obesity. The medical consequences of obesity will cost over $1 trillion by 2025. People living with obesity are twice as likely to be hospitalized if tested positive for COVID-19. The weight loss segments are one of the major contributors to the overall revenue of the dietary supplements in market. Anti-obesity drugs are used as pharmacological agents which reduce or control body weight. These drugs can change one of the fundamental processes of the human body or weight regulation by altering either appetite or absorption of calories. The treatment for obese patients is dieting and physical exercise. An anti-obesity drug have produce sustained weight loss with minimal side effects.

Obesity Therapy: How and Why?

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Paccosi ◽  
Barbara Cresci ◽  
Laura Pala ◽  
Carlo Maria Rotella ◽  
Astrid Parenti
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Lifestyle Modification ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Pharmacological Management ◽  
Regulatory Standards ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Obesity Drugs

Background: Obesity represents the second preventable mortality cause worldwide, and is very often associated with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). The first line treatment is lifestyle modification to weight-loss, but for those who fail to achieve the goal or have difficulty in maintaining achieved results, pharmacological treatment is needed. Few drugs are available today, because of their side effects. Objective: We aim to review actual pharmacological management of obese patients, highlighting differences between Food and Drug Administration - and European Medicine Agency-approved molecules, and pointing out self-medications readily obtainable and widely distributed. Methods: Papers on obesity, weight loss, pharmacotherapy, self- medication and diet-aid products were selected using Medline. Research articles, systematic reviews, clinical trials and meta-analyses were screened. Results: Anti-obesity drugs with central mechanisms, such as phentermine and lorcaserin, are available in USA, but not in Europe. Phentermine/topiramate and naltrexone/bupropion combinations are now available, even though the former is still under investigation from EMA. Orlistat, with peripheral mechanisms, represents the only drug approved for weight reduction in adolescents. Liraglutide has been approved at higher dose for obesity. Anti-obesity drugs, readily obtainable from the internet, include crude-drug products and supplements for which there is often a lack of compliance to national regulatory standards. Conclusion: Mechanisms of weight loss drugs include the reduction of energy intake or the increase in energy expenditure and sense of satiety as well as the decrease of hunger or the reduction in calories absorption. Few drugs are approved, and differences exist between USA and Europe. Moreover, herbal medicines and supplements often sold on the internet and widely used by obese patients, present a risk of adverse effects.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Effects of Bariatric Surgery in Terms of Weight Loss and Diabetes Remission in the Indian Population

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Manish Khaitan ◽  
Riddhish Gadani ◽  
Koshish Nandan Pokharel
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Gastric Bypass ◽  
Complete Remission ◽  
Predictive Factors ◽  
Indian Population ◽  
Diabetes Remission ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Sustained Weight Loss

<b><i>Objectives:</i></b> The growing prevalence of obesity rates worldwide is associated with an upsurge in its comorbidities, particularly type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Bariatric surgery is a proven treatment modality for producing sustained weight loss and resolution of associated T2DM providing marked improvement in quality of life with rapid recovery. This study aims to investigate the effects of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG), Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), and mini-gastric bypass (MGB) on obese patients suffering from T2DM in the Indian population and their long-term association with regard to diabetes remission, resolution of comorbidities, and percentage EWL. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Retrospective data of obese patients with T2DM (preoperative BMI 45.37 ± 8.1) who underwent bariatric surgery (RYGB, LSG, and MGB) were analyzed in this study over a period of 9 years. The mean follow-up period was 2.2 years. Following surgery, the clinical outcome on BMI, resolution of percentage weight loss, and T2DM were studied. The predictive factors of diabetic remission after surgery were determined. Student’s <i>t</i> test and ANOVA and McNemar’s test were applied. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Out of a total of 274 patients, complete remission of T2DM was achieved in 52.9% (<i>n</i> = 145) with mean fasting blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin values being 6.1 ± 0.769 (<i>p</i> = 0.00) at 1 year after surgery. The independent predictive factors of remission were age, gender, BMI, preoperative comorbidities, and % EWL. Gender had no correlation with the chance of achieving disease remission. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Based on our results, bariatric surgery proves to be a successful treatment option resulting in sustained weight loss in obese patients suffering from T2DM. It is found to be beneficial for the long-term resolution of T2DM and improving comorbidities such as hypertension and dyslipidemia. The outcome of the different surgical methods is found to be similar for all patients irrespective of the independent predictors of complete remission.

Abstract 12368: Impact of Weight Trends on Long-term Outcomes After Atrial Fibrillation Ablation in Obese Patients

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 132 (suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
T J Bunch ◽  
Heidi T May ◽  
Tami L Bair ◽  
Victoria Jacobs ◽  
Brian G Crandall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Catheter Ablation ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Sustained Weight Loss ◽  
Index Weight ◽  
Af Recurrence

Introduction: Catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF) is an established therapeutic rhythm approach in symptomatic patients. Obesity is a dominant driver of AF recurrence after ablation. Weight reduction strategies lower general AF burden and as such may be critical to long-term success rates after ablation. Hypothesis: Long-term outcomes after AF ablation will be better in obese patients with sustained weight loss. Methods: All patients that underwent an index ablation with a BMI recorded and >30 kg/m 2 and at least 3 years of follow-up were included (n=407). The group was separated and compared by weight trends over the 3 years (1. Lost >3% of index weight, n=141; 2. Maintained index weight ±3%, n=147; 3. Gained >3% of index weight at 3 years, n=119). Long-term outcomes included AF recurrence and a composite defined as major adverse clinical events, MACE (stroke/TIA, heart failure (HF) hospitalization, and death). Results: The average age was 63.6±10.4 years, 59.3% were male and 51.7% had paroxysmal AF. AF comorbidities include: hypertension (79.5%), heart failure (36.0%), sleep apnea (35.2%), diabetes (28.9%), and stroke/TIA (5.9%). Those that maintained their weight (HR: 1.45, p=0.05) and those that gained weight (HR 1.54, p=0.07) were more likely to have AF recurrence compared to those that lost weight. Similarly, MACE increased from 18.4% in those that lost weight at 3 years compared to 18.6% (HR 1.32, p=0.29) in those that maintained their weight and 26.5% in those that gained weight (HR 2.01, p=0.02). A small group of patients (n=5), lost >3% then gained it back and ultimately increased their weight by 3%. This group had the highest rates of AF recurrence (100%). Conclusion: Maintained weight loss is a critical component in reducing AF recurrence rates after index catheter ablation in obese patients. Sustained weight loss also results in a reduction in AF-related comorbidities and mortality.

scholarly journals Hepatotoxicity Associated with Use of the Weight Loss Supplement Garcinia cambogia: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiten P. Kothadia ◽  
Monica Kaminski ◽  
Hrishikesh Samant ◽  
Marco Olivera-Martinez
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Weight Maintenance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Garcinia Cambogia ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Therapeutic Doses

The use of herbal and dietary supplements for weight loss is becoming increasingly common as obesity is becoming major health problem in the United States. Despite the popularity of these natural supplements, there are no guidelines for their therapeutic doses and their safety is always a concern. Garcinia cambogia extract with its active ingredient “hydroxycitric acid” is a component of many weight loss regimens. It suppresses fatty acid biosynthesis and decreases appetite. However, its prolonged use in weight maintenance is unknown. Here we describe a case of acute hepatitis after the use of Garcinia cambogia for weight loss.

Big Scam 2022 !! Best Health Keto UK Reviews: 100% Safe Benefits, Is £39.76 Worthy for “Best Health Keto United Kingdom” Customers? Read This Before Buy v1

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
health not provided ◽  
Guilherme Loss
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
The Body ◽  
Regular Exercise ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Official Site ◽  
Loss Formula ◽  
Healthy Body ◽  
Organic Weight

Best Health Keto UK Reviews: Gaining a perfect body is not an easy task. You have to work for many years and do regular exercise for gaining an ideal figure. These days, people are giving more importance to their health because of pandemic situation. Many people are following the strict veg diet to get a healthy body and mind. But obesity is a major health problem that needs more than mere exercise and dieting. One cannot get rid of obesity so easily. If you want to get rid of extra body fats, “choose “Best Health Keto UK Reviews” in United Kingdom”. It is an organic weight loss formula made from pure ingredients. It may work deep in the body and melt calories that harm your body. The Best Health Keto UK Reviews is high in demand in Glasgow, Dundee, Aberdeen, Inverness, Bangor, Cardiff, London, Bristol, Edinburgh, Perth, Birmingham, Nottingham, Southampton, Newport, St Asaph, St Davids, Swansea, etc. Must See: Visit the Official Site of Best Health Keto [Up to 70% Discount Available Here]

Penurunan Kadar Gula Darah Menggunakan Daun Kemangi

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
Kadek Erwin Wijaya ◽  
Abiyyi Pratama Husada Widoyoko
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Ursolic Acid ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Review Literature ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Sugar Levels ◽  
Number Of Individuals

Diabetes di Indonesia dianggap sebagai masalah kesehatan utama dan telah menjadi perhatian sejak awal 1980-an. Diabetes adalah salah satu penyebab utama kematian di indonesia. Indonesia dinilai sebagai salah satu dari sepuluh negara teratas secara global dengan jumlah individu pengidap diabetes yang tinggi pada tahun 2013. Diperkirakan bahwa pola yang sama akan berlanjut kecuali intervensi untuk mencegah dan mengelola diabetes diterapkan. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah studi literature review. Sumber pustaka yang digunakan dalam penyusunan melibatkan 19 pustaka yang berasal dari 2 buku dan 17 jurnal internasional. Tahun penerbitan sumber pustaka yang digunakan dalam penulisan artikel adalah dari tahun 2010 sampai tahun 2018. Berbagai penelitian menunjukkan hasil yang cukup signifikan mengenai pengaruh daun kemangi terhadap penurunan kadar gula darah. Ergunol pada daun kemangi memiliki beberapa mekanisme sebagai antidiabetik seperti inhibisi aktivitas dari α-glucosidases, Inhibisi dari formasi AGE, mencegah perlekatan glukosa terhadap serum albumin dan meningkatkan konsentrasi dari enzim antioksidan. Asam ursolat dalam daun kemangi menstimulasi pengambilan glukosa melalui berbagai cara.  Kata Kunci: daun kemangi, diabetes, eugenol, asam ursolat  DECREASED BLOOD SUGAR LEVELS USING TULSI LEAVES                                                                                         ABSTRACT Diabetes in Indonesia is considered a major health problem and has been a concern since the early 1980s. Diabetes is one of the leading causes of death in Indonesia. Indonesia is rated as one of the top ten countries globally with a high number of individuals with diabetes in 2013. It is estimated that the same pattern will continue unless interventions to prevent and manage diabetes are implemented. The method used in this study is a literature review. Literature sources used in the preparation involved 18 libraries originating from books, national journals and international journals. The year of publication of library sources used in article writing is from 2010 to 2018. Various studies have shown significant results regarding the effect of tulsi leaves on reducing blood sugar levels. Eugenol on basil leaves has several antidiabetic mechanisms such as inhibitory activity of α-glucosidases, inhibition of AGE formation, prevent glucose attachment to serum albumin and increase concentration of antioxidant enzymes. Ursolic acid in tulsi leaves stimulates glucose uptake in various ways.  Keyword: tulsi, diabetes, eugenol, ursolic acid

scholarly journals Weight Loss at First Month and Development of Tolerance as Possible Predictors of 30 mg Phentermine Efficacy at 6 Months

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1354
Author(s):  
Héctor Isaac Rocha-González ◽  
Lidia Elizabeth De la Cruz-Álvarez ◽  
Ashuin Kammar-García ◽  
Samuel Canizales-Quinteros ◽  
Juan Carlos Huerta-Cruz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Interindividual Variability ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Obesity Drugs ◽  
Continue Therapy ◽  
Development Of Tolerance

The efficacy of anti-obesity drugs usually does not consider the high degree of interindividual variability in responses to the drug which could affect the decision to withdraw the drug early due to ineffectiveness or to continue therapy according to specific expectations of success. The aim of this study was to analyze body weight loss in kilograms during the first month (1 mo-BWLkg) of treatment with 30 mg phentermine and development of tolerance to phentermine, on its 6-month efficacy. One hundred sixty-six subjects with obesity were individually or jointly analyzed in the study. Subjects with 1 mo-BWLkg of <1 kg, 1–3 kg, 3–5 kg, and ≥5 kg reached 6-month mean percentage body weight reductions (BWR%) of approximately 3%, 5%, 10%, and 15%, respectively. Development of late tolerance (4–6 months) to phentermine had a lower impact than early tolerance (2–3 months). Subjects with 1 mo-BWLkg <3 kg who developed early tolerance did not achieve relevant BWR% (≥5%) at month 6, while the rest of the subgroups achieved increasing and progressive BWR%, according to their 1 mo-BWLkg range and time of onset of tolerance. The 1 mo-BWLkg and development of tolerance to phentermine could be useful to predict the expected 6-month efficacy trends in obese patients treated with 30 mg phentermine.

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