scholarly journals BIOLOGICAL THRESHOLDS OF ANNUAL DICOTYLEDENOUS WEED PLANTS HARMFULNESS IN FODDER BEAN CROPS

2021 ◽  
pp. 15-22
Author(s):  
A. A. Zaprudski ◽  
E. V. Penyaz ◽  
D. F. Privalov
Keyword(s):  
Weed Plants

Mechanical Factors of Infl uence on Biological Effi ciency of Solanum Nigrum L.

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 20-23
Author(s):  
O. Ivashchenko ◽  
O. Ivashchenko
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Nigrum ◽  
Black Nightshade ◽  
Effi Ciency ◽  
Weed Plants ◽  
Sensitivity Level ◽  
Solanum Nigrum L ◽  
Small Plot ◽  
Mechanical Factors ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Working Out

Aim. Studying of black nightshade young plants’ response to the induced mechanical stresses. Methods. Researches conducted in small plot fi eld experiments. Results. Change of sensitivity level of Solanum nigrum L. plants depending on phases of their development at the moment of damage of elevated parts has been proven. Owing to loss of the surface capable to photosynthesis, there is an essential decrease in volumes of photosynthesis at plants of weed survived and their possibilities of ontogeny passage. The deep induced dis- stresses reduce biological effi ciency of plants, their ability to accumulate weight and to form seeds and even lead them to death. Conclusions. The defi ned principles of response of weed plants to the induced mechanical dis-stresses are can be used for working out and ecological receptions of crops protection from weeds.

Peculiarities of the phytosanitary state of pome fruits in industrial horticulture

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-168
Author(s):  
V. V. Antonenko ◽  
A. V. Zubkov ◽  
S. N. Kruchina
Keyword(s):  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Fruit Crops ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Relative Safety ◽  
Pome Fruits ◽  
Weed Plants ◽  
Spread Of Infection

Data were obtained on the basis of the results of research carried out on the territory of the educational and experimental farm of the Timiryazev State Agrarian University, in Moscow during 2018-2019. As a result of the surveys, the most dangerous diseases and pests of pome crops on the territory of this farm were established. The most resistant apple and pear varieties to major diseases have been identified. Peculiarities of development of alternariosis on pear are described, the harmfulness of the disease on pear and apple seedlings is noted. A possible role in the transfer of alternariosis infection from garden-protective plantations and weed vegetation to fruit trees was noted. A possible role has been established in the transport of septoriosis, powdery dew infection from dicotyledonous weeds plants. The peculiarities of the spread of infection under the influence of wind direction are noted. The results and peculiarities of the application of various methods of scaring birds in the orchard are presented. As a result of route surveys the most harmful weed plants have been identified. The possibility of using herbicides of different mechanism of action in fruit gardens for weed control has been studied. High efficiency and relative safety of application of herbicides of contact action in nursery fields, operational orchards and for control of piglets on fruit trees are shown. Recommendations are given for the use of soil and systemic herbicides of soil in seedlings beds, the first and second fields of the nursery, as well as in the process of production of large-scale planting material and operational orchards of fruit crops. The safety of the herbicides in question is established when used in accordance with the recommended methods of use.

scholarly journals Taxonomic and ecological structure of weed medicinal plants on the territory of biosphere reserve «Pribuzhskoye Polesye»

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-46
Author(s):  
Sergey Vladimirovich Zerkal ◽  
Yulia Vladimirovna Bondar ◽  
Andrey Stepanovich Domas
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Environmental Groups ◽  
Active Materials ◽  
Ecological Structure ◽  
Weed Plants ◽  
Diagnostic Signs

The following paper considers aspects of systematic and ecological structure of the weed medicinal plants growing in the biosphere reserve Pribuzhskoye Polesye. The studied weed plants of the region are considered to be used in pharmacology and medicine. Therefore, a detailed study of environmental groups and economic importance of commensal medicinal plants can serve as a basis for new trends development in resource studies of medicinal plants. The paper identifies diagnostic signs, as well as similarities and differences of morphometric evidence. The collection of field data was carried out by reconnaissance of the terrain. The study shows that the territory of the biosphere reserve Pribuzhskoye Polesye is characterized by a rich species composition of synanthropic weed medicinal plants of 57 species growing in different habitats that can be used for the treatment of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, circulatory system and respiratory system. It is necessary to use weed plants for medicinal purposes to increase the base of receiving biologically active materials of plants.

scholarly journals Synergistic Antibacterial Activity of Lantana camara L., Parthenium hysterophorus L., Cannabis sativa L. and Justicia adhatoda L. Leaves Extract against Procured Multi-drug Resistant Bacteria In Vitro

2021 ◽  
pp. 34-40
Author(s):  
Jyoti Chandola ◽  
Pooja Singh ◽  
Rishabh Garg ◽  
Narotam Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Lantana Camara ◽  
Parthenium Hysterophorus ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Weed Plants ◽  
Justicia Adhatoda

The scientific study of this research has been focused on synergistic antibacterial activity of two weed plants, Lantana camara L., Parthenium hysterophorus L. alongwith two medicinal plants, Cannabis sativa L., Justicia adhatoda L. against multi- drug resistant (MDR) bacteria. Dried leaf powders of the plants were extracted using air-dried method followed by the ethanol- solvent extraction method for the crude extract of the leaves. The crude extracts were tested for antibacterial activity against three MDR bacteria, that is, one Gram positive bacteria- Staphylococcus aureus and two Gram negative bacteria- Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis. Out of 18 antibiotics tested against procured bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus was resistant to 10 out of 10 tested antibiotics, Escherichia coli was resistant to 4 out of 12 tested antibiotics and Proteus mirabilis was resistant to 9 out of 10 tested antibiotics. The tested weed plants and the medicinal plants when combined together showed more zone of inhibition against multidrug resistant bacteria ( Two combinations of phytochemicals Lantana camara, Cannabis sativa and Lantana camara, Cannabis sativa, Justicia adhatoda, Parthenium hysterophorus showed maximum zones of inhibition, that is, 30 mm) as compared to when these plants were tested solitarily, showing pronounced antibacterial activity. These findings showed that the antibacterial activity enhanced when they were combined together and this potential could be used against various infectious diseases with more research and modification in this area. Weed plants also holds as much importance as the medicinal plants although not to that extent, but they clearly inhibit the growth of bacteria and this property of weeds along with the medicinal plants holds a promising future in treating many diseases caused by multi-drug resistant bacteria on the pharmaceutical level.

Survey for Yellow Mosaic Disease Occurring on Blackgram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper] and Weed Hosts in Four Major Blackgram Growing Districts of Andhra Pradesh and Characterization of Associated Viruses using Coat Protein Gene

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vallabhaneni Tilak Chowdary ◽  
V. Manoj Kumar ◽  
P. Kishore Varma ◽  
B. Sreekanth ◽  
V. Srinivasa Rao
Keyword(s):  
Coat Protein ◽  
Andhra Pradesh ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Mosaic Disease ◽  
Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Ageratum Conyzoides ◽  
Yellow Mosaic Disease ◽  
Weed Plants ◽  
Weed Hosts

Background: Yellow mosaic disease (YMD) caused by Yellow mosaic virus is one of the major constraints in the pulse production in Andhra Pradesh (A.P.) due to fast evolution of strains, like Mungbean yellow mosaic India virus (MYMIV). Keeping this in view, a survey was undertaken in the major blackgram growing districts of A.P. to know the YMD incidence in blackgram and weed hosts and were characterized based on genetic features by comparing with other YMV isolates from different hosts and locations across the world. Methods: Roving survey was conducted during rabi 2019-20 in major blackgram growing districts of A.P. viz., Krishna, Guntur, West Godavari and Prakasam districts for YMD incidence. Blackgram plants showing characteristic symptoms were collected as representative samples from each mandal along with the suspected weed plants and were subjected to amplification using coat protein (CP) specific primers followed by molecular characterization. Phylogenetic tree for coat protein (CP) gene was constructed using aligned sequences with 1000 bootstrap replicates following neighbor-joining phylogeny. Result: Out of the four districts surveyed, the highest disease incidence was recorded at Machavaram village of Prakasam district (43.22%), whereas least disease incidence was recorded at Chinaganjam village of Praksam district (2.4%). Six weeds viz., Ageratum conyzoides, Amaranthus viridis, Parthenium hysterophporus, Vigna trilobata, Abelmoscus moschatus, Desmodium laxiflorum have showed positive result in PCR amplification with MYMIV specific coat protein primers. Four isolates from blackgram samples and two from weed plants shared 94.85 to 99.58% nucleotide identity among themselves.

scholarly journals Theoretical and experimental substantiation of the design parameters for the working body of a row cultivator

2019 ◽  
Vol 126 ◽  
pp. 00051 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evgeny Zykin ◽  
Svetlana Lazutkina
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Weed Plants ◽  
Working Bodies ◽  
Experimental Substantiation

The authors of the article propose the design of a row cultivator, equipped with combined working bodies, which makes it possible to carry out inter-row weed control in one pass with full cultivation of the protective zones of grown crops. The soil drop distance and the distance between the flat discs located in the adjacent gangs of the row cultivator for thorough covering weed plants with a layer of soilwithout damage to cultivated plants have been substantiated theoretically.

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