METHOD OF FORECAST ASSESSMENT OF SAPROPEL AVAILABILITY AT PEAT DEPOSITS OF BELARUS

2020 ◽  
pp. 88-95
Author(s):  
Boris V. Kurzo ◽  
Oleg M. Gaidukevich
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Initial Phase ◽  
Peat Deposit ◽  
Ancient Lake ◽  
Patterns Of Distribution ◽  
Peat Deposits

The paper presents the results of a study of the patterns of distribution of sapropel under a peat deposit. To predict the origin of a peat deposit either on the site of an ancient lake, or formed by waterlogging by statistical methods according to the available set of informative features contained in survey materials, cartographic and geological sources, features are identified by which the initial phase of each object is determined, rules are developed, procedure algorithms are calculated her recognition. The effectiveness of forecasting the origin of the peat deposits.

scholarly journals Characterization of peat deposit using ground penetrating radar: Survey experiments and data interpretation

2021 ◽  
Vol 928 (1) ◽  
pp. 012011
Author(s):  
A A Sinyutkina
Keyword(s):  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Spatial Differentiation ◽  
Data Interpretation ◽  
Peat Deposit ◽  
Swamp Forest ◽  
Peat Accumulation ◽  
Raised Bogs ◽  
Peat Deposits ◽  
Zone Of Influence ◽  
Ground Penetrating

Abstract The paper deals with the possibilities of different wave frequency antennae applications for estimation of the depth of peat deposits and detection of peat layers with different physical characteristics. We employed a GPR system “OKO-2” (“Logical systems”, Russia) with 250 MHz, 700 MHz, and 1700 MHz shielded antennae. The surveys were conducted in 2017–2019 within the pristine and drained raised bogs and swamp forest in the south taiga subzone of Western Siberia to assess the spatial differentiation of the peat deposit and the modern peat accumulation rate within drained bogs. The peculiarities of field surveying, GPR data processing and interpretation are shown. Based on GPR data analysis the influence zone of Bakchar bog and modern peat accumulation within drained bogs were assessed. We noted that the Bakchar bog has a vast zone of influence reaching 700 m from the bog border where peat accumulation is observed. The modern peat accumulation is observed within Bakchar the bog. Drained sites of Ust-Bakchar bog are characterised by the absent peat accumulation or degradation of the peat deposits.

scholarly journals The Flooded Peat Deposit Characteristic and Assessment of its Impact upon Water Quality in the Boguchansk Reservoir

2012 ◽  
pp. 80-90
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Peat Deposit ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Peat Deposits

Assessment of the flooded peat deposit in the Boguchansk Reservoir floor impact on the water quality has been performed. Characteristic of the flooded bogs and peat deposits has been given; their physical/chemical properties have been described. Reserves of organic matter, nitrogen and microelements in the peat deposit forecasted for floating have been calculated, their influence on water quality in the reservoir to be designed has been considered. A conclusion on the necessity of monitoring of the flooded in the process of the reservoir exploiting hydromorphic ecosystems has been made.

scholarly journals Assessment of applying VLF geophysical method to determine the peat deposit thickness

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 224-234
Author(s):  
T. B. Yakonovskaya ◽  
A. I. Zhigulskaya ◽  
P. A. Yakonovsky
Keyword(s):  
Global Climate ◽  
Wetland Management ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Data Interpretation ◽  
Peat Deposit ◽  
Geophysical Method ◽  
Commercial Activity ◽  
Peat Deposits ◽  
Natural Density ◽  
High Degree

Peat deposits accumulate large reserves of carbon and play an important role in formation of global climate, biosphere, and hydrological conditions. High degree of knowledge of peat reserves is one of the prerequisites for scientifically based and economically viable wetland management. For economically efficient commercial activity, an enterprise developing a peat deposit must be confident in the availability of sufficient and high quality commercial peat reserves. Therefore, the topic of studying the thickness of peat deposits is quite relevant. The paper analyzes the experience of using the geophysical method called VLF ("very low frequency") to study the thickness of peat deposits. The method consisted of using a VLF receiver to measure the properties of VLF emitted by the peat deposit and the underlying mineral ground. The study was carried out at the Beloe Lake peat deposit in the Tukayevsky district of Tatarstan, at three peat areas of different depths: deep-lying (over 3 m), intermediate (1.5 – 3 m), and shallow (up to 1.5 m). The depth was confirmed by direct measurements in the wells. Low-frequency (VLF) measurements were carried out along the geophysical paths at each area of the peat deposit. The data were processed using the NAMEMD (Noise Empirical Decomposition) method and converted to resistivity and depth values using the specialized software. The study showed that the resistivity differs significantly between the areas of deep-lying and shallow peat. The resistivity varies depending on the peat thickness and the thickness of the buried wood horizons. In the horizons of deep-lying peat, the resistivity is strongly influenced by the degree of peat decomposition, its natural density and moisture. The presence of peaks and their height on the data interpretation plots characterizes the number and thickness of the horizons of buried wood in the peat deposit. With increasing depth of peat occurrence, the resistivity increases significantly. However, in the shallow areas, it does not show differences, being characteristic for the deep-lying peat area. This proves that the VLF method works correctly in peat layers and is capable to indicate the peat thickness, the number and thickness of the buried wood horizons.

scholarly journals Investigating peat deposits with ground-penetrating radar – a case study of drained bogs in Western Siberia, Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 258 ◽  
pp. 12007
Author(s):  
Anna Sinyutkina
Keyword(s):  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Spatial Differentiation ◽  
Displacement Sensor ◽  
Peat Deposit ◽  
Taiga Zone ◽  
Peat Accumulation ◽  
Raised Bogs ◽  
Peat Deposits ◽  
Key Sites ◽  
Ground Penetrating

This paper deals with the assessment of the peat deposit transformation of two drained raised bogs (the Bakchar bog drained for forestry and the Ust-Bakchar bog drained for peat extraction) within the Western Siberian taiga zone. Specifically, the objectives of this study were to: 1) characterise the peat deposits of key sites with the use of ground-penetrating radar (GPR) and manual data; 2) estimate the spatial differentiation of modern peat accumulation rates at the microhabitat level. We used the GPR system “OKO-2” with 250, 700, and 1700 MHz shielded antennas and a displacement sensor. We concluded that the use of this GPR complex allowed the assessment of the total depth of the peat deposit, the depth of the fibric peat layer, and the thickness of the layer formed after drainage. We paid attention to defining the patterns of layers formed at depth after drainage within hummocks or hollow microhabitats. The peat accumulation after drainage was not continual throughout all mire surface, which was most typical for plots of the Ust-Bakchar bog. The modern peat accumulation increased 1.3–2.2 times from hollows to hummocks and it was 2–4 times higher within the Bakchar bog than in the Ust-Bakchar bog.

Comparison of bog phytocenosis ecotopes parameters and peat deposit depths of the Beloe bog (Perm region, Russia)

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-64
Author(s):  
I.F. Abdulmanova ◽  
◽  
E.A. Igosheva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Peat Deposit ◽  
Ecological Scales ◽  
Peat Deposits ◽  
Perm Krai ◽  
Ecological Parameters ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Group Species

It is known that phytoindication of the nature and depth of peat deposits is possible only when, among other factors, the geographical and geomorphological position of the bog systems is taken into account. The aim of this study is to determine whether or not there is a relationship between peat deposit thickness, phytocenosis composition and ecological parameters of plant habitats, using the example of the Beloe Bog located in the Sylvensko-Irenskaya lowland in the south-east of Perm Krai. Measure ments of the depth of the peat deposit were carried out using a peat probe, followed by the determination of the volumes of the peat bog in the GIS (ArcGIS (ESRI)). The diversity of peatland plant com-munities is described, their ecological-cenotic analysis and phytoindication analysis of ecotopes is carried out using Ellenberg and Landolt ecological scales using EcoScaleWin software. The results allow to update the stock data of geological exploration 1969. Ecological-cenotic and phytoindication analyzes revealed differences between pine-dwarf shrub-sphagnum and birch-menyanthes-sphagnum communities. A Spearman correlation coefficient demonstrated a relationship between peat deposit depths and the proportion of Water-Swamp ecological-cenotic group species in the communities, as well as with a number of ecological parameters of the ecotopes. The use of two different ecological scales revealed inconsistency between them. The article substantiates the chosen spatial tactics for measuring the peatland depth of a small irregularly shaped bog and also calculates the time required to measure the thickness of a conven-tional peat deposit of 1000 hectares. The relationship of this work to ongoing palaeoecological research in Perm Krai is highlighted. A comparison is made between the available data on the Beloe Bog and the results of phytoindication studies of the peatland thickness of Western Siberia known to the authors. The limitations and prospects of a series of similar studies in Perm Krai, which will reveal regional and zonal patterns in the spatial structure of bog communities and their relation to the thickness of peat deposits, are considered.

scholarly journals Element composition of peat deposits in flat frost mound bogs of the Pyakupur River (northern taiga of West Siberia)

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Lim ◽  
S. V. Loiko ◽  
T. V. Raudina ◽  
I. I. Volkova ◽  
V. P. Seredina
Keyword(s):  
Active Layer ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Element Composition ◽  
Peat Deposit ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Birch Bark ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Sphagnum Mosses ◽  
Peat Deposits ◽  
Significant Difference

<p>The content and the profile distribution of the element composition of the 1 meter high peat deposits in flat frost mound bogs are investigated. The botanical composition of peat is described. The results of the botanical composition analysis of peat showed that deposits consist mainly of sphagnum mosses, lichens, shrubs, green mosses, pine wood, as well as pine and birch bark. A good correlation between the degree of peat decomposition and the brightness of dry peat measured by the CIE L*a*b* color model is revealed. As a result of the study of peat samples’ color, it has been found that this parameter can be used as an express method for the rapid assessment of peat degree decomposition. The highest concentration of the organic carbon occurs at the base of the peat deposit (64.4±0.2%). The nitrogen concentration in permafrost peat is higher than in thawed (1.0 ± 0.2% and 0.7 ± 0.1%, respectively, the difference is significant at p = 0.001). The C / N ratio decreases from 72 ± 16 in 0-40 cm in the thawed layer to 50 ± 10 in the frozen part (40-100 cm). Within the bottom low boundary of the seasonally thawed layer, a local increase in the N concentration was detected, as well as an almost 2-fold decrease in the C/N ratio. It is most likely related to the high increase in the rate of microbial activity on the border between the thawed layer and the permafrost peat. It was revealed that most of the elements are concentrated in the upper (thawed) part of the peat deposit. Among them, only Na, Mg, Ca, Zn, Ba, As and Sb have a significant difference. Despite the fact that significant differences according to non-parametric U-criterion Mann-Whitney test were identified only for 7 elements, the distribution of the rest along elements the frozen and thawed peat layer is similar in nature. So for Na, Mg, Al, P, K, Ca, Ti, Fe, Zn, Ba, Li, B, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Ga, As, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Cd, Sb, Cs, the upper quartiles of concentrations in the seasonally thawed layer are 1.2 - 6.9 times higher than in the permafrost peat, and for C, N, Al, Ba, B, V, Co, Cu , Zr, Nb, Mo it is 1,0 - 0,6 times lower, respectively. Generally, according to the element composition, it is safe to say that the differences stem from the botanical composition. In general, according to the elemental composition it can be said that the differences are primarily due to the botanical composition. The active layer comprises mainly sphagnum mosses and lichens, the woody peat already appears in the lower permafrost part of the deposit. A correlation between the brightness of peat and the total content of ash elements (R2 = 0.65, excluding 1 sample) was revealed within the active layer. Taking into account the fact that the brightness correlates with the degree of decomposition, it may be concluded that higher upper quartile of the concentrations of elements in the active layer relates to the slower peat accumulation rate for the last 3 thousand years and, correspondingly, a large accumulation of dust components from the atmosphere by the peat layers.</p>

scholarly journals RESERCH THE COMPOSITION OF PEATS IN OLIGOTROPHIC MIRE

2018 ◽  
pp. 231-238
Author(s):  
Ставнислав (Stavnislav) Григорьевич (Grigor'evich) Маслов (Maslov) ◽  
Лидия (Lidiya) Ивановна (Ivanovna) Инишева (Inisheva) ◽  
Кристина (Kristina) Евгеньевна (Evgen'evna) Щукина (Shchukina)
Keyword(s):  
Complex Mixture ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Peat Deposit ◽  
Material Base ◽  
Peat Deposits ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Household Chemicals ◽  
Peat Formation ◽  
Active Substances

Specific and most representative group of biologically active substances of peat are humic acid (HA) and bitumen, which is a complex mixture of high molecular weight and polyfunctional alicyclic compounds, hydroaromatic, aromatic and heterocyclic nature. Preparations  from HA and bitumen are used in medicine and veterinary medicine. However, the spectrum of peat BAS is quite wide and heterogeneous in individual peatlands and depends of  peat formation of the swamp, the depth of peat deposit, botanical composition and other factors. The identification of the highest quality raw material base for the production of specific drugs requires the study of the organic composition of peat, including HA and bitumen on all swamp depth. The article substantiates the need to identify the highest quality raw material base (peat deposit or combinations peat deposits) for the production of specific products. On the example of the peat deposit Gazoprovodnoe, presents the results of the analysis of HA and bitumens throughout the profile of the peat deposit and establishes the possibility of using peat resources of this peat deposit in the production of a wide range of drugs for medical purposes and household chemicals.

Siliceous microfossils in a Holocene, High Arctic peat deposit (Nordvestø, northwestern Greenland)

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberley M. Brown ◽  
Marianne S. V. Douglas ◽  
John P. Smol
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Testate Amoebae ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
Peat Deposit ◽  
Taxon Richness ◽  
Peat Deposits ◽  
Important Region ◽  
Geochemical Analyses ◽  
Microfossil Assemblage ◽  
Fine Tune

Siliceous microfossils (diatom valves, chrysophyte stomatocysts, and testate amoebae plates) were examined from a 2.6-m thick peat deposit from Nordvestø, northwestern Greenland (76°44′N, 73° 13′W). The moss, predominantly Aplodon wormskioldii (Hornem.) R.Br., began to accumulate approximately 6500 years ago and persisted for about 2000 years. Siliceous microfossils were generally well preserved in the peat, although taxon richness was low (i.e., only 19 diatom taxa, 16 chrysophyte cyst morphotypes, and 4 testate amoebae genera). Despite the paucity of taxa, marked shifts in species composition were recorded. Geochemical analyses and biogenic silica determination on the peat did not show any significant trends. To our knowledge, this study represents the first such combined analysis of a High Arctic peat, so our interpretations should be considered tentative. Environmental variables were not stable during the 2000 years of peat accumulation, as suggested by microfossil assemblage changes. For example, about 5000 years BP, diatoms reached their maximum relative abundance with taxa indicative of wetter habitats. We hypothesize that an influx of meltwater to the peat may have occurred at this time, perhaps because of wetter conditions or larger accumulations of snow during winter. These preliminary data indicate that siliceous microfossil analyses from arctic peat cores may eventually fine-tune paleoecological inferences for this climatically important region, once the environmental variables determining species distributions in peat deposits are determined. Key words: peat deposits, Greenland, diatoms, chrysophyte cysts, protozoan plates, paleoecology.

Statistics and parallaxes

1978 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 7-29
Author(s):  
T. E. Lutz
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Systematic Errors ◽  
Past Experience ◽  
Random Errors ◽  
Trigonometric Parallaxes ◽  
Systematic And Random Errors

This review paper deals with the use of statistical methods to evaluate systematic and random errors associated with trigonometric parallaxes. First, systematic errors which arise when using trigonometric parallaxes to calibrate luminosity systems are discussed. Next, determination of the external errors of parallax measurement are reviewed. Observatory corrections are discussed. Schilt’s point, that as the causes of these systematic differences between observatories are not known the computed corrections can not be applied appropriately, is emphasized. However, modern parallax work is sufficiently accurate that it is necessary to determine observatory corrections if full use is to be made of the potential precision of the data. To this end, it is suggested that a prior experimental design is required. Past experience has shown that accidental overlap of observing programs will not suffice to determine observatory corrections which are meaningful.

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