scholarly journals Intensive therapy emergency states in acute intestinal infections in children

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (6/S) ◽  
pp. 162-165
Author(s):  
Makhfuza Madumarova ◽  
Yuriy Azizov ◽  
Abdug’ofur Qodirov ◽  
Albina Bazarova ◽  
Ra’noxon Yakubova
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Intensive Therapy ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
Diarrheal Diseases ◽  
Intravenous Rehydration ◽  
Intestinal Infections ◽  
The World ◽  
Significant Spread

Despite the successes achieved in the fight against many infectious diseases, the problem of diarrheal diseases in Uzbekistan, as well as throughout the world, continues to be relevant. The medical and social significance of the problem is de- termined not only by the significant spread of diseases, but also by the high fre- 150 quency of severe complicated forms of the disease, especially among young children. In addition, diarrheal diseases indirectly contribute to an increase in the incidence of other infections, as they lead to depletion and, as a result, to a decrease in the body's resistance. Despite the sufficiency of literature data on the study of diarrheal diseases and their treatment, many clinical and organizational aspects of the problem of acute intestinal infections, especially in young children, remain unresolved. Treatment of an emergency in acute intestinal infections (ACI) often reduces only to the elimination of various degrees of exsiccosis using oral and intravenous rehydration.

Organization of restrictive quarantine measures to prevent especially dangerous infections

2020 ◽  
pp. 6-11
Author(s):  
Petr Ilyin
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
International Health ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Entire History ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Former Ussr ◽  
Health Regulations

Especially dangerous infections (EDIs) belong to the conditionally labelled group of infectious diseases that pose an exceptional epidemic threat. They are highly contagious, rapidly spreading and capable of affecting wide sections of the population in the shortest possible time, they are characterized by the severity of clinical symptoms and high mortality rates. At the present stage, the term "especially dangerous infections" is used only in the territory of the countries of the former USSR, all over the world this concept is defined as "infectious diseases that pose an extreme threat to public health on an international scale." Over the entire history of human development, more people have died as a result of epidemics and pandemics than in all wars combined. The list of especially dangerous infections and measures to prevent their spread were fixed in the International Health Regulations (IHR), adopted at the 22nd session of the WHO's World Health Assembly on July 26, 1969. In 1970, at the 23rd session of the WHO's Assembly, typhus and relapsing fever were excluded from the list of quarantine infections. As amended in 1981, the list included only three diseases represented by plague, cholera and anthrax. However, now annual additions of new infections endemic to different parts of the earth to this list take place. To date, the World Health Organization (WHO) has already included more than 100 diseases in the list of especially dangerous infections.

1+1 > 2: Integration of the Host-directed Traditional Chinese Medicine and the Virus-targeted Modern Medicine in Control of COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-94
Author(s):  
Jianjun Sun
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
The World ◽  
Plausible Mechanism

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused millions of infections and hundreds of thousands deaths in the world. The pandemic is still ongoing and no specific antivirals have been found to control COVID-19. The integration of Traditional Chinese Medicine with supportive measures of Modern Medicine has reportedly played an important role in the control of COVID-19 in China. This review summarizes the evidence of TCM in the treatment of COVID-19 and discusses the plausible mechanism of TCM in control of COVID-19 and other viral infectious diseases.

scholarly journals ‘I was really, really shocked’: A sociological exploration of the transition experiences of English Youth Academy male footballers from school to work

2021 ◽  
pp. 101269022110054
Author(s):  
Nicola Hague ◽  
Graeme Law
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
School To Work ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Professional Career ◽  
Professional Experiences ◽  
Transitional Experiences ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types

The world of football arguably brings together and unites people in support of their teams and countries, while inspiring young children and adolescents to dream of a professional career. Existing research in the field has sought to begin to understand what professional footballers experience on their journey through the game. However, much of this UK-based research has focused on first team players and their professional experiences, including transitions from youth team to first team and to retirement. This study, therefore, aimed to examine players during their youth academy scholarship at one English Championship club. This study focused on the transitional experiences of youth players from school to the academy and their resulting embodying of a footballer’s identity. Twelve semi-structured interviews with players aged 17–19, were conducted and then analysed by thematic analysis using figurational sociology concepts. Three different types of transition were identified. Among other reasons, early specialisation in football was a prevalent factor that partly influenced the way the players experienced their transition. The transition into the academy coincided with the transition from youth to adulthood that was arguably anything but linear as players managed the dominant sub-cultures present in the club.

scholarly journals Best interests: The ‘best’ way for courts to decide if young children should act as bone marrow donors?

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 3-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shih-Ning Then
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Medical Practice ◽  
Best Interests ◽  
Potential Donor ◽  
Unique Position ◽  
Potential Child ◽  
The World ◽  
Psychological Harm ◽  
Continued Use

Young children who are called upon to donate regenerative tissue – most commonly bone marrow – to save the life of a sick relative are in a unique position. The harvest of tissue from them is non-therapeutic and carries the risk of physical and psychological harm. However, paediatric donation is relatively common medical practice around the world. Where some doubt exists over the legality of allowing a child to donate, courts can be asked to authorize the procedure and in doing so will apply the ‘best interests’ test in making their decision. How are a young child’s rights recognized in such a situation? This article considers whether the best interests test is the ‘best’ test to be applied by courts when cases of potential child donors come before it. The approach of courts in three jurisdictions is analysed, and problems in the application of the test in this context are discussed. While the continued use of the test by courts is supported, the way the test has been used by courts is critiqued and recommendations made to better respect the rights of the potential donor child.

scholarly journals The weirdest people in the world?

2010 ◽  
Vol 33 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 61-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Henrich ◽  
Steven J. Heine ◽  
Ara Norenzayan
Keyword(s):  
Visual Perception ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Moral Reasoning ◽  
Spatial Reasoning ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Behavioral Sciences ◽  
The World ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Behavioral Phenomenon

AbstractBehavioral scientists routinely publish broad claims about human psychology and behavior in the world's top journals based on samples drawn entirely from Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic (WEIRD) societies. Researchers – often implicitly – assume that either there is little variation across human populations, or that these “standard subjects” are as representative of the species as any other population. Are these assumptions justified? Here, our review of the comparative database from across the behavioral sciences suggests both that there is substantial variability in experimental results across populations and that WEIRD subjects are particularly unusual compared with the rest of the species – frequent outliers. The domains reviewed include visual perception, fairness, cooperation, spatial reasoning, categorization and inferential induction, moral reasoning, reasoning styles, self-concepts and related motivations, and the heritability of IQ. The findings suggest that members of WEIRD societies, including young children, are among the least representative populations one could find for generalizing about humans. Many of these findings involve domains that are associated with fundamental aspects of psychology, motivation, and behavior – hence, there are no obviousa priorigrounds for claiming that a particular behavioral phenomenon is universal based on sampling from a single subpopulation. Overall, these empirical patterns suggests that we need to be less cavalier in addressing questions ofhumannature on the basis of data drawn from this particularly thin, and rather unusual, slice of humanity. We close by proposing ways to structurally re-organize the behavioral sciences to best tackle these challenges.

Hacia la acreditación internacional de programas educativos con base en competencias

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 17-28
Author(s):  
A. Garcés Báez ◽  
Ma. del R. Moreno Fernández ◽  
E. Mora Colorado
Keyword(s):  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Educational Programs ◽  
Academic Programs ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
The World

Las competencias para la Acreditación Internacional de los Programas Educativos en Computación y Tecnologías de la Información. A partir de los fundamentos se transita por los programas académicos y algunos organismos acreditadores tomando como eje, en ambos casos, las competencias hasta llegar a su identificación en el escenario internacional en el Marco del Acuerdo de Seúl. Como es sabido el desarrollo de competencias se enfoca sobre situaciones y problemas específicos, es por ello que una enseñanza por competencias brinda la oportunidad de garantizar que los aprendizajes sean adquiridos de manera oportuna y precisa, en términos de su trascendencia personal, académica y social. En todos los casos el concepto de competencia señala tanto el proceso como los resultados del aprendizaje, las cuales podría aplicar las competencias en el mundo. The competences for the International Accreditation of the Educational Programs in Computing and Information Technologies is addressed. Based on the fundamentals, we move through the academic programs and some accrediting bodies taking as their axis, in both cases, the competences until their identification in the international scenario within the framework of the Seoul Accord. As it is known, the development of competences focuses on specific situations and problems, which is why a teaching by competences provides the opportunity to ensure that learning is acquired in a timely and accurate manner, in terms of personal, academic and social significance. In all cases, the concept of competence indicates both the process and the learning outcomes, which will be the spearhead to apply the skills in the world.

Serum immunoglobulins for acute intestinal infections in young children

1982 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 57-58
Author(s):  
N. A. Romanova ◽  
R. M. Khasanova
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Mild Form ◽  
Serum Immunoglobulins ◽  
Intestinal Infections

The aim of the work was to study the dynamics of serum immunoglobulins in children of the first three years of life, patients with salmonellosis, coli infection and dysentery. Of 129 children, 58 had salmonellosis typhimurium, 39 had coli infection caused by Escherichia of the 1st category, 32 had dysentery Sonne. Among patients with salmonellosis, 7 had a mild form, 44 had a moderate form, and 7 had a severe form. 16, among the most severe - in 19, severe - in 4 children. With dysentery, a mild form was observed in 13 children, a moderate form in 19. Children from 6 months to 1 year old were 69, from a year to 3 years old - 60.

ANALYSIS OF THE REASONS FOR THE REFUSAL OF THE POPULATION FROM VACCINES

Vestnik ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 280-284
Author(s):  
Х. Б. Сарсенбай ◽  
А. Н. Турсынханова ◽  
Б. А. Конысов
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Disease Prevention ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Recurrent Respiratory Infections ◽  
High Level ◽  
Mandatory Vaccination

Согласно данным ВОЗ, современные эпидемиологические исследования показали, что рецидивирующие респираторные инфекции у детей раннего и дошкольного возраста сохраняются на высоком уровне 10-50% в течение более 40 лет. Конец вакцинации может спровоцировать массовые инфекционные заболевания. Врачи бьют тревогу, что число отказников от обязательной вакцинации растет. Только в каждой поликлинике Алматы 30-40 родителей в год говорят о готовности к профилактике заболеваний. Среди тех, кто категорически отказывается трогать своих детей иголками, - те, кто идет по пути религии. Они считают, что прививка противоречит убеждениям. В последнее время список недовольных групп пополняют и простые жители, которые скептически относятся к квалификации белых. According to WHO, current epidemiological studies have shown that recurrent respiratory infections in young children and preschool children persist at a high level of 10-50% for more than 40 years. The end of vaccination can provoke mass infectious diseases. Doctors are sounding the alarm that the number of refusers from mandatory vaccination is growing. Only in every polyclinic in Almaty, 30-40 parents a year talk about their readiness for disease prevention. Among those who categorically refuse to touch their children with needles are those who follow the path of religion. They believe that vaccination is contrary to their beliefs. Recently, the list of discontented groups has been supplemented by ordinary residents who are skeptical about the qualifications of whites.

A geographical analysis of the first wave of Covid-19 with reference to highland and lowland regions of India

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-281
Author(s):  
Bindhy Wasini Pandey ◽  
◽  
Yuvraj Singh ◽  
Usha Rani ◽  
Roosen Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Temporal Pattern ◽  
Regional Disparity ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Indian Himalayan Region ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Extensive Coverage ◽  
The World ◽  
Spatio Temporal

The issue of health has become a major concern in recent years as a result of extensive coverage of media reporting outbreaks of diseases and the spread of deadly infectious diseases around the world. There has been a growing concern over the accessibility and affordability of healthcare facilities. The spread of the ongoing pandemic COVID-19 has been felt all over the world. However, the rate of infection varies across certain regions of the world. There exists intra-regional disparity as well. Recent research shows that there are latitudinal and altitudinal variations in the spread of the COVID-19. This paper studies variation of infection COVID-19 across the highlands of the Indian Himalayan Region (IHR) and the lowland areas in India. The paper also examines the role of geographical spaces in the spread of coronavirus in these regions. The study indicates that place-based effects (altitude, temperature, pollution levels, etc.) on health can be seen in a variety of ways; therefore, locational issues are very important for addressing health questions. The paper also analyses the Spatio-temporal pattern of the COVID-19 pandemic in the study area to understand the nature of the disease in different locations.

Special Issue on "Immunomodulatory and therapeutic approaches against infectious diseases"

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Lavkush Dwivedi
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Immune Stimulation ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Major Constraint ◽  
The World ◽  
Insight Into

Infectious diseases and consequent immune imbalancesare major constraint in human health managementthroughout the world. However, in recentdecades enormous efforts have been made to elucidatethe immunomodulatory approaches againstinfectious diseases. Immunomodulation is a therapeuticapproach in which we try to intervene inauto regulating processes of the defense system toadjust the immune response at a desired level.The present special issue on cutting edge issues inImmunomodulation like Immune stimulation, Immunesuppression, Immune potentiating and immunereinforcement summarizes our current understandingof this complex mosaic. The accompanyingselection of recent articles from across theworld provides further insight into this topic. 

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