ANALYSIS OF THE REASONS FOR THE REFUSAL OF THE POPULATION FROM VACCINES

Vestnik ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 280-284
Author(s):  
Х. Б. Сарсенбай ◽  
А. Н. Турсынханова ◽  
Б. А. Конысов
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Disease Prevention ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Recurrent Respiratory Infections ◽  
High Level ◽  
Mandatory Vaccination

Согласно данным ВОЗ, современные эпидемиологические исследования показали, что рецидивирующие респираторные инфекции у детей раннего и дошкольного возраста сохраняются на высоком уровне 10-50% в течение более 40 лет. Конец вакцинации может спровоцировать массовые инфекционные заболевания. Врачи бьют тревогу, что число отказников от обязательной вакцинации растет. Только в каждой поликлинике Алматы 30-40 родителей в год говорят о готовности к профилактике заболеваний. Среди тех, кто категорически отказывается трогать своих детей иголками, - те, кто идет по пути религии. Они считают, что прививка противоречит убеждениям. В последнее время список недовольных групп пополняют и простые жители, которые скептически относятся к квалификации белых. According to WHO, current epidemiological studies have shown that recurrent respiratory infections in young children and preschool children persist at a high level of 10-50% for more than 40 years. The end of vaccination can provoke mass infectious diseases. Doctors are sounding the alarm that the number of refusers from mandatory vaccination is growing. Only in every polyclinic in Almaty, 30-40 parents a year talk about their readiness for disease prevention. Among those who categorically refuse to touch their children with needles are those who follow the path of religion. They believe that vaccination is contrary to their beliefs. Recently, the list of discontented groups has been supplemented by ordinary residents who are skeptical about the qualifications of whites.

scholarly journals Preschool Wheezing and Gastro-Esophageal Reflux: --Causal or Casual Coincidence? Update from Literature

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 180
Author(s):  
Melissa Borrelli ◽  
Giuliana Ponte ◽  
Erasmo Miele ◽  
Marco Maglione ◽  
Carlo Caffarelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Causative Factor ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Airway Diseases ◽  
Recurrent Respiratory Infections ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Reflux Testing ◽  
Rule Out

Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) and wheeze are two common conditions in children. GER has been advocated as a causative factor for explaining recurrent to persistent respiratory symptoms at any age. This association very often means that many children with cough, wheezing, or recurrent respiratory infections receive empirical anti-reflux medications. The causal relationship is still largely discussed. Compared to the large number of studies in infants and adolescents, literature on the relationship between GER and wheeze in preschool children is scarce and inconclusive. The aim of the present narrative review was to summarize what is known so far, and what the literature has proposed in the last 20 years, on the relationship between preschool wheezing and GER. In preschool children with respiratory symptoms there is a high rate of positivity of reflux testing, for this reason pH-MII testing and endoscopy are recommended. Flexible bronchoscopy may be useful to exclude anatomical abnormalities as the cause of wheezing in infancy and preschool years. Several biomarkers, as well as empirical anti-reflux therapy, have been proposed for the diagnosis of GER-related airway diseases, but the conclusions of these studies are controversial or even conflicting. There is a great need for future clinical trials to confirm or rule out the association.

scholarly journals Frequently ill children: has everything been resolved?

2018 ◽  
pp. 206-214
Author(s):  
A. L. Zaplatnkikov ◽  
A. A. Girina ◽  
E. Е. Lokshina ◽  
I. V. Lepiseva ◽  
I. D. Maikova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Respiratory Morbidity ◽  
Recurrent Respiratory Infections ◽  
Detailed Assessment ◽  
High Level ◽  
Immunodeficiency States

The article presents an analysis of causes of recurrent respiratory infections in children. The special attention is drawn to the need for improvement of the epidemiological, anamnestic, social and other data to clarify the causes and provoking factors for increased respiratory morbidity. It has been shown that allergic diseases, immunodeficiency states, persistent herpetic infections, functional gastrointestinal disorders, etc. are often hidden.under the mask of “frequently ill children”. This determines the importance of a detailed assessment of clinical manifestations of each episode of the disease and the correct interpretation of examination results for the timely diagnosis specification. It was proposed to move from targeting the “frequently ill children” group to nosological verification, which have a high level of respiratory morbidity. It has been proved that early arriving at a diagnosis makes it possible to timely prescribe etiopathogenetic therapy, which significantly increases the effectiveness of treatment. The article presents an analysis of clinical studies of the effectiveness and safety of OM-85 immunomodulator of bacterial origin in children with recurrent respiratory diseases.

scholarly journals The ancient battle for iron: Our struggle with pathogens

2003 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 15-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Prentice ◽  
Conor Doherty ◽  
Joann McDermid ◽  
Sarah Atkinson ◽  
Sharon Cox
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Natural Selection ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Falciparum Malaria ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria ◽  
The Impact

Young children in rural Gambia face constant exposure to gastrointestinal and respiratory infections and, during the rainy season (July–November), suffer recurrent bouts of Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Within living memory, these conditions led to more than half of the children dying before their fifth birthday, providing a graphic demonstration of the impact that infectious diseases have had on our natural selection. Fortunately, these horrific statistics have been decreased greatly by improved medical care, especially through vaccination and anti-malarial therapies, but conditions such as these have inevitably left a powerful imprint on man's genetic make-up.

scholarly journals Clinical trial/experimental study (consort compliant): Optimal time period to achieve the effects on synbiotic-controlled wheezing and respiratory infections in young children

2016 ◽  
Vol 144 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 38-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andjelka Stojkovic ◽  
Aleksandra Simovic ◽  
Zoran Bogdanovic ◽  
Dragic Bankovic ◽  
Mina Poskurica
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Lactobacillus Acidophilus ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Immune Dysfunction ◽  
Bifidobacterium Bifidum ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Recurrent Respiratory Infections ◽  
Time Period

Introduction. Urban life is often followed by immune dysfunction and loss of immune tolerance in the youngest children. Objective. The study aimed to determine optimal time efficiency of a synbiotic (5.109 Lactobacillus acidophilus Rosell-52, Bifidobacterium infantis Rosell-33, Bifidobacterium bifidum Rosell-71) in controlling respiratory infections and wheezing disease. Methods. We randomly selected a group of children younger than five years, hospitalized earlier, and classified them into three groups. Results. The incidence of respiratory infection before the study was once a month, while after a threemonth supplementation with the synbiotic children rarely suffered from respiratory infections, and the state was maintained after six-month and nine-month supplementations with the synbiotic. The decreased incidence of respiratory infections was followed by a falling incidence of concomitant wheezing. A significant increase in tIgA serum was observed in all groups for only three months, the increase being the highest in children with recurrent respiratory infections accompanied by wheezing. After a ninemonth administration of the synbiotic, total IgE serum was lower in all groups of patients. Conclusion. The optimal duration of administration of the synbiotic containing three probiotic cultures to provide effective control of the frequency of respiratory infections was three months, and six months were required to establish control of the frequency of wheezing. This synbiotic is useful for immunomodulation in children and is well-tolerated in young children.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Nasopharyngeal Carriage of Bacterial Pathogens in Children and Adults Suffering from Recurrent Respiratory Infections in Khabarovsk City in 2015–2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 242-250
Author(s):  
Vlada A. Shmуlenko ◽  
Albina P. Bondarenko ◽  
Olga E. Trotsenko ◽  
Vyacheslav B. Turkutyukov ◽  
Elena A. Bazykina
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Carriage ◽  
Defibrinated Sheep Blood ◽  
Recurrent Respiratory Infections ◽  
Vitek 2 ◽  
High Level

Objective. To designate the nasopharyngeal carriage of bacterial pathogens among children and adults diagnosed with recurrent respiratory diseases residing in the Khabarovsk city during a four-year period.Materials and methods. Nasopharyngeal and oral swabs obtained from 7,043 children and adults were tested using classical bacteriological methods. In order to grow “difficult-to-culture” microorganisms a columbian agar with addition of 5% defibrinated sheep blood, incubation in the atmosphere rich with CO2 (5%), bacteriological analyzer Vitek 2 Compact were used. Real-time PCR was used to confirm the identification of S. pyogenes.Results. A high level of nasopharyngeal pathogens carriage (47%) was detected. The most prevalent microorganisms were as follows: S. pneumoniae (47%), M. catarrhalis (30.4%), H. influenzaе (17.5%), S. pyogenes (5.2%). The age groups at risk were children aged 0–6 years for S. pneumoniae and children aged 7–12 years for S. pyogenes. An emerging trend it the level of nasopharyngeal carriage of S. pneumoniae observed in 2018 was followed by the increase of registered incidence of pneumococcal pneumonia.Conclusion. Nasopharyngeal carriage of S. pneumoniae imposes a high risk of community-acquired pneumonia and other pneumococci-associated diseases, predominantly in children.

scholarly journals THYMUS SONOMETRY AND RECURRENT RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS IN PRESCHOOL CHIKDREN

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 57-63
Author(s):  
O. M. Voloshin
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
The Body ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Recurrent Respiratory Infections ◽  
Thymus Size

Introduction. The results of scientific research that have been received so far in terms of the relationship between health status of children of various age and thymus size are controversial. On the one hand, researchers mainly from the former Soviet Union note the presence of the clear association between thymomegaly and an increased tendency to recurrent respiratory infections among preschool children. On the other hand, according to current data of world medical science, a relatively larger thymus, on the contrary, is considered to be the sign of the optimal state of child's immune system. The study aimed at clarifying of the interdependence between the thymus physical parameters and the frequency of acute respiratory infections in children aged 1-6 years. Materials and Methods. Thirty-seven children (16 boys and 21 girls) aged from one to six years, undergoing inpatient treatment on acute respiratory infection, were involved in the clinical study. Two markers of acute respiratory infections recurrence (infections index, resistance index) were taken into account and several anthropometric parameters were calculated for each child. The participants also underwent ultrasound scan. The statistical processing of the obtained primary digital material was performed by IBM SPSS Statistics 26 licensed program. Results. The thymus size was within the reference values only in 14 (37.84%) examined children. In the majority of the patients (23 (62.16%)), it was below the mentioned values. The significant exceeding the thymic index values in the children of the younger age group as compared with the older children was found. There was no difference between the boys and girls in terms of thymus volume, mass and thymic index. Conclusions. There is а moderately pronounced inverse relationship between the age of the examined children and the thymic index, according to which this index values are decreased with increasing age. The integral indicators of acute respiratory infections recurrence among the preschool children are not correlated with the studied absolute and relative sonometric thymus parameters. The thymic index values are in the closest and inverse correlation with the body surface area among all the anthropometric parameters considered in the children.

scholarly journals RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF PREDICTOR OF RECURRENT RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS IN PRESCHOOL CHILDREN

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 28-33
Author(s):  
O. M. Voloshyn ◽  
Yu. V. Marushko
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infection ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Prenatal Factors ◽  
Recurrent Respiratory Infections ◽  
Connective Tissue Dysplasia ◽  
Integral Indicator

Among the current trends in the systemic prevention of recurrent respiratory infections in preschool children is the differentiated detection and clustering of the most significant ante- and prenatal factors associated with frequent acute respiratory infections. Thus, a comprehensive retrospective investigation of such factors in terms of their association with the integral indicators of acute respiratory infections recurrence in preschool children is exceptionally relevant. The study of particular manifestations of undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia during recurrent respiratory infections is of great clinical and social relevance. This study research aims at determining the levels of inter-dependency between recurrence indicators of acute respiratory infections in preschool children and ante- and prenatal predictors analyzed retrospectively. Fifty-one children (24 boys and 27 girls) aged 1 to 6 years old, undergoing inpatient treatment for acute respiratory infection, were involved in the clinical study. Two markers of acute respiratory infection recurrence (infection index, resistance index) and dolichostenomelia integral indicator, which is used as the marker of external signs of connective tissue undifferentiated dysplasia, were calculated for each child. In addition, the retrospective analysis of 67 ante- and prenatal factors directly related to the children were examined. The statistical processing of the obtained digital material was performed by IBM SPSS Statistics 26 licensed software. Only non-parametric statistics methods were applied in the purpose. The first stage of investigating the inter-dependency between the acute respiratory infections frequency, the particular manifestations of undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia, on the one hand, and the ante- and prenatal predictors, on the other hand, was carried out. The results obtained provided the grounds for the further research in the outlined direction involving the higher number of patients and using the more sensitive statistical methods. The higher infectious index values in the preschool children correlate with the following factors as lower initial overall age of their parents, smaller number of their mothers’ previous pregnancies, larger mothers’ body weight at the beginning of pregnancies, longer deliveries, lower Apgar scores in the newborns and no vaccination for tuberculosis. The resistance index values in the examined children increase with the simultaneous decreasing in the haemoglobin concentration in the mothers’ blood just before the deliveries and in cases of no vaccination in newborns for tuberculosis. The dolichostenomelia integral indicator in the patients aged from 1 to 6 years directly correlates with their age as well as with such retrospectively studied predictors as the newborns body mass index, the presence of foetoplacental insufficiency and the total number of complications caused by connective tissue dysplasia in their mothers during the pregnancies and deliveries.

Persistent Allergic Minimum Phlogosis as Mechanistic Link Between Recurrent Respiratory Infections and Atopy: A Single Center Pilot Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Caterina Cuppari ◽  
Sara Manti ◽  
Annamaria Salpietro ◽  
Simona Valenti ◽  
Dominique De Vivo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Single Center ◽  
Recurrent Respiratory Infections
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