scholarly journals Az 1868-as nemzetiségi törvény és a magyar–horvát kiegyezés

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-150
Author(s):  
Dorottya Andrási
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Relations ◽  
Public Law ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
The Public ◽  
National Minorities ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Political Relations ◽  
The Status ◽  
Significant Step ◽  
Further Development

The Act XXX of 1868 regulated the public law situation of Croats and Hungarians in a uniquely subdualist way within the Monarchy, and the status quo provided an appropriate basis and guarantees for further development. Another significant step in the settlement of ethnic relations within the Monarchy was Act XLIV of 1868, a law that had an organic relationship with the Compromise Act. Both the Compromise Act and the Nationality Act were defined by the public law conception represented by Ferenc Deák, the essence of which is to focus on the terminology of the unified “political nation” for the Hungarian side, and the position and rights of other national minorities were regulated in relation to it. In Deák’s understanding, the concept of the political nation was linked to the idea of the nation-state, which, as a result of domestic political changes after 1875, became increasingly nationalist and upset relations with individual nationalities, including Croats. In the long run, this process led to mutual misunderstandings between the peoples within the Habsburg Monarchy and to an explosion of ethnic and political relations as a result of several unfortunate political factors.

scholarly journals Significance of migrations and national affiliation in the change of ethnical structure of Serbia at the beginning of the 21st century

2005 ◽  
pp. 383-393
Author(s):  
Nada Raduski
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Relations ◽  
Specific Aspect ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Ethnic Cleansing ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
Democratic Development ◽  
National Minorities ◽  
Subjective Factor ◽  
National Affiliation ◽  
The One

Disintegration of the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and the creation of new ethno-national states, armed conflicts and "ethnic cleansing", mass ethnocentric migrations of the population, as well as some socio-economic factors led to significant changes in the demographic and ethnic map of Serbia. Migrations of the population, voluntary of forced represent a phenomenon which by its range, intensity and characteristics undoubtedly marked the last decade of the 20th century. Having in mind their number and national structure (mainly Serbs), refugee migrations, as a specific aspect of migration movements, caused by the political and social circumstances, dominantly influenced the change of ethnic picture of Serbia towards homogenization and majorization of the population. In addition to this factor, changes when declaring one's national affiliation, both in the case of ethnic revivalism and ethnic mimicry, significantly determined population dynamics of particular nations, that is their position in the ethnic map of Srbia. Thus the data from the last census in 2002 indicate that - precisely due to the effect of the subjective factor - there appeared the increase in the number and share of some nationalities (the Roma, the Wallachians.), that is the significant decrease in some other (the Yugoslavs, the Montenegrins.) in the total population of Serbia. As a result of the mentioned, but also of many other historical, sociocultural and political factors, Serbia today represents a multiethnic multi-confessional and multicultural state in which - beside the majority nation - there also live numerous national minorities pronouncedly differentiated according to the demographic, socio-economic, religious and cultural characteristics. Therefore, the minority issue is undoubtedly of crucial significance, because good inter-ethnic relations, that is respect of the minority rights on the one hand, but also the loyalty of national minorities to the country in which they live on the other, are necessary for stability, peace and democratic development of every state.

scholarly journals Internal audit in the public sector – comparative study between the Nordic countries: The development of internal auditing within the public sector in the Nordic countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-44
Author(s):  
Anna Margrét Jóhannesdóttir ◽  
Stina Nielsson Kristiansson ◽  
Niina Sipiläinen ◽  
Riikka Koivunen
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Internal Audit ◽  
Nordic Countries ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Internal Auditing ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Status ◽  
Further Development

The subject of this paper is a comparative study about the current status of internal audit within the public sector in the Nordic countries. The aim is to understand the basis and recognize trends in the development of internal audit in the public sector in these countries. The status of internal audit within each country, Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden, is presented and also the regulatory basis, laws and regulations, for internal audit and the main challenges that internal auditing faces. Finally, the opportunities for further development of internal audit in the public sector are addressed. The International Standards for Internal Auditing are well recognized and in use in all the countries. There are differences between these countries in their approach of the regulatory framework for internal audit and the arrangement of the operation of internal audit units. Therefore, further development of internal auditing should be pursued in cooperation and to harmonize the regulatory bases in these countries and to learn from each other when implementing internal audit in the public sector.

The Mandwa Project: An Experiment in Community Participation

1988 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noshir H. Antia
Keyword(s):  
Political Factors ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Adequate Knowledge ◽  
Self Help ◽  
The People ◽  
Vested Interests ◽  
Health And Illness ◽  
The Status

The project at Mandwa was designed to study the problems of health in rural India and the delivery of health care by the existing public and private health systems. The results demonstrate the important role of socioeconomic and political factors not only in vital areas such as nutrition, water supply, sanitation, and housing, but also in the delivery of health services. The private sector showed a predominantly curative and monetary orientation, while the public sector demonstrated a lack of accountability to the people it was designed to serve. Under these conditions, an attempt was made to test the possibility of training local women in self-help with a minimal supportive service. The results reveal that adequate knowledge and technology exist for most of the prevalent problems of health and illness in developing countries, and that semiliterate villagers have the capacity to use these effectively if they are provided in a simple manner. This experiment also demonstrates the opposition from local vested interests to any change of the status quo, even in the relatively noncontroversial field of health.

Nationality: Jus Soli or Jus Sanguinis

1930 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Brown Scott
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Public Law ◽  
Private International Law ◽  
The Public ◽  
Law Of Nations ◽  
Difference Of Opinion ◽  
The Status ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Government

There is no topic of present interest, involving as it does the status of men, women and children of various countries, and even of birth in the same country, as that of nationality. It bristles with difficulties! To begin with, various terms are used, apparently meant to mean one and the same thing, although unless they are carefully defined, they may refer to different aspects of the subject. For example, “ national” is used as a synonym for “ subject” or “ citizen,” yet one may be a national of a country, and subject to its jurisdiction, without, however, being a citizen—as in the case of the Filipinos, who are, indeed, subject to the Government of the United States and entitled to its protection abroad, although they are not citizens either in the sense of international, or of national law. Then there is a difference of opinion as to the branch of law to which the matter belongs—the Englishspeaking peoples regarding it as forming part of the public law of nations, whereas others consider it as more properly falling within the domain of private international law, to which, in turn, the English world gives the not inappropriate designation of conflict of laws.

The Limits of Tolerance from the Perspective of Their Public Legitimization

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
Plamen Makariev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Private Life ◽  
Public Deliberation ◽  
Public Communication ◽  
The Public ◽  
Liberal Democratic ◽  
National Minorities ◽  
The Status ◽  
Minority Policies

The limits of tolerance are discussed in this article with regard to the status of religious, ethnic, and national minorities in liberal-democratic societies. The question that the author is trying to answer is this: how can minority policies be designed in such a way that they provide the due conditions for the reproduction of minority identities over time which, at the same time, do not compromise national integrity. The line of demarcation between these two kinds of policy would also be the limit of tolerance, concerning the role of these identities in society. In the first part of the article a critical analysis is made of the policy of cultural neutrality of the state, based on the differentiation between the approaches to minority issues in the public and in the private life of the citizens. In the second part an alternative possible solution is presented―to draw the limits of tolerance by means of the legitimization of minority policies via public communication which is protected from manipulations by means of the methodology of public deliberation.

scholarly journals Nietykalność posła w Rzymie okresu pryncypatu

1994 ◽  
Vol 37 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 165-174
Author(s):  
Franciszek Longchamps de Bérier
Keyword(s):  
Public Law ◽  
Roman Law ◽  
The Public ◽  
Community Or ◽  
The Status ◽  
Ius Gentium

An envoy (legatus, orator) was a person sent to a community or to a ruler by his community or his state. It was not only an individual who undertook the mission to foreign territories or came from them to Rome, but the delegate to or from provincial assemblies, municipium or civitas as well. The complete inviolability of envoys seems to be warranted in Rome of the principate era by the univerasally respected norm of ius gentium. According to it, envoys were regarded as sacred (sancti habentur legati). Therefore, they were secured against violance and safe from human trespass or assault. The priviledge was enjoyed by both ambassadors of the senate or the princeps and legates arriving to Rome from abroad, from provincial assemblies, from municipia or civitates. The word sanctum comes from the sagmina - the bunches of herbs. The legates customarily carried them as it was believed that the sagmina provide them with gods’ support, ward off outrages and protect them from human mischief. According to lex Iulia de vi publica, an attack, a battery or any other violation of the personal immunity of envoys or of accompaning individuals was punished by aquae et ignis interdictio. An assault made upon an enemy envoy was considered the aggraviated form of the offence. According to the Quintus Mucius Scaevola’s responsum from D .50.7.18, the person, who committed such crime, was punished by deditio: he was handed over to the enemy, who had sent the struck legates. The procedures of envoys’ nomination differred and depended on particular habits and laws of certain territories and communities. However according to Roman law, a person sent as a legate enjoyed complete inviolability by the time from when he was selected, not by that when he began his mission. In case of disagreement whether or not he was a legate, the pretor at Rome took the cognizance of the issue. Consequently, a person not recognized by the Roman official did not enjoy the envoy’s priviledge. The inviolability did not depend on the legate’s subjective conviction that he had the immunity. As a result, the status of a captive envoy did not change. Accordingly, the delegating community was unable to resign from the priviledge. Therefore the envoy’s inviolability - the public law immunity seems to be absolute in the Roman principate.

MONITORING OF INTER-ETHNIC RELATIONS IN THE REPUBLIC OF DAGESTAN

2019 ◽  
pp. 60-64
Author(s):  
Ruslan I. Abakarov
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Relations ◽  
Regional Society ◽  
Native Languages ◽  
Main Method ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Qualitative Characteristics

The article is devoted to the understanding of modern aspects of identity in Dagestan society, which largely determine the qualitative characteristics of regional society and the main ways of its further development. The main method of research is sociological surveys of 2015-2019, the results of which allow to assess the dynamics of the development of the all-Russian civil identity, the status of Russian and native languages in the Republic, etc.

Availability of Orientation and Mobility Services in Public Schools

1978 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 173-176
Author(s):  
Tom E. C. Smith ◽  
Larry R. Dickerson ◽  
Jim S. Liska
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Public Law ◽  
Section 504 ◽  
Rehabilitation Act Of 1973 ◽  
The Public ◽  
Departments Of Education ◽  
Orientation And Mobility ◽  
The Status ◽  
Mobility Training ◽  
Visually Handicapped

Public Law 94-142 and Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 require that appropriate educational services be provided to all handicapped children. For some visually handicapped students, this includes orientation and mobility training. This study surveyed the 50 State Departments of Education on the status of orientation and mobility, services in the public schools. Findings revealed that, although some states have orientation and mobility services in public schools, a large gap exists between these services and services needed to fully meet the mandate.

scholarly journals Multiculturalism versus Nationalism and the role of ethnic minorities in the public life of Lithuania

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-86
Author(s):  
Oana–Raluca Glăvan ◽  
Lucia Andrievschi- Bartkiene
Keyword(s):  
Union Member ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Western Balkans ◽  
The Public ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Transit Country ◽  
National Minorities ◽  
Further Development ◽  
The Eu

Lithuania became a European Union member in 2004 and it is intensively preparing nowadays to take over the EU’s presidency in the second half of 2013. As today EU’s agenda is oriented with priority to tackle the economic crisis, the survival of EURO zone and euro-scepticism, Lithuania’s foreign policy is focused, among others, on further development of the area of freedom and security, promoting further enlargement and development of relations with Eastern countries. In this respect, Lithuania is keen to share its integration experience with candidate and potentially candidate countries and to make the further enlargement of the E. U. in the Western Balkans countries a successful story similar to the 2004 enlargement campaign, with Croatia joining the EU on 1st of July 2013 during Lithuanian presidency and planning to have an impact on the finalization of negotiations with other candidate countries. Since joining the EU, Lithuania has experienced difficulties arising from its role as a destination, source and transit country for legal and irregular international migration. As Lithuania is one of the Member States that have external borders with non-candidate countries (Byelorussia and Russia – Kaliningrad oblast), it is as well concerned about security issues, migration and integration of minorities in the framework of the European Neighbourhood Policy. Minorities account for 16% of the population of Lithuania, out of which Poles-6.1 %, Russians and Byelorussians-6% and Ukrainians-0.6 %. Other minorities such as Jews, Germans, Tartars, Latvians, Roma, Armenians etc. account together for 0.7 % of the total population. Lithuanians generally have a positive relationship with their national minorities and the integration of former may be regarded as somewhat advanced, but discrimination cannot be excluded, especially on the labour market. The juridical situation of these minorities and the issues concerning them is the focus of this article.

Motivasi dan kepuasan kerja pegawai puskesmas BLUD dan non-BLUD Kabupaten Semarang

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Aswindar Adhi Gumilang ◽  
Tri Pitara Mahanggoro ◽  
Qurrotul Aini
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Financial Management ◽  
Work Motivation ◽  
P Value ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Demand For Health ◽  
Public Demand

The public demand for health service professionalism and transparent financial management made some Puskesmas in Semarang regency changed the status of public health center to BLUD. The implementation of Puskesmas BLUD and non-BLUD requires resources that it can work well in order to meet the expectations of the community. The aim of this study is to know the difference of work motivation and job satisfaction of employees in Puskesmas BLUD and non-BLUD. Method of this research is a comparative descriptive with a quantitative approach. The object of this research are work motivation and job satisfaction of employees in Puskesmas BLUD and non-BLUD Semarang regency. This Research showed that Sig value. (P-value) work motivation variable was 0.019 smaller than α value (0.05). It showed that there was a difference of work motivation of employees in Puskemas BLUD and non-BLUD. Sig value (P-value) variable of job satisfaction was 0.020 smaller than α value (0.05). It showed that there was a difference of job satisfaction of BLUD and non-BLUD. The average of non-BLUD employees motivation were 76.59 smaller than the average of BLUD employees were 78.25. The average of job satisfaction of BLUD employees were 129.20 bigger than the average of non-BLUD employee were 124.26. Job satisfaction of employees in Puskesmas BLUD was higher than non-BLUD employees.

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