scholarly journals A STUDY OF TENSE SHIFT AS A RESOURCE FOR IDENTITY CONSTRUCTION

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (02) ◽  
pp. 74-86
Author(s):  
Shatha N. QAIWER
Keyword(s):  
Identity Construction ◽  
Narrative Structure ◽  
Negative Evaluation ◽  
Past Tense ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Unexpected Event ◽  
Self Presentation ◽  
Progressive Aspect ◽  
Self And Other ◽  
Narrative Performance

This study focuses on tense variation as linguistic features of narrative performance using Schiffrin’s (1981) theory of tense variation supported by Labov’s (1972) and Ochs and Cap’s (2001) frameworks of narrative structure. It shows that historical present also performs evaluative function and appears in restricted clauses in progressive aspect indicating the overlap on time between two actions. Shifts into narrative past tense also perform an evaluative function and appears in contexts narrating unexpected event within the complication. Generic and nominalising actions are used to express negative evaluation of an opponent based on an earlier premise. These findings can bring new insights into the way politicians construct arguments in self and other presentation since nominalising negative actions implies comparing the self to an external other. This is achieved in association with stance taking and evaluative commentaries provided by politicians as strategies of positive self and negative other presentation. The study provides a detailed analysis of the linguistic features stated earlier in relation to identity construction and self-presentation exemplifying the use of HP

scholarly journals The construction of self and others: A study of the identity construction in I am Malala

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 597-610
Author(s):  
Asifa Qasim ◽  
Sage Lambert Graham
Keyword(s):  
Identity Construction ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Autobiographical Narratives ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Self And Other ◽  
Social Customs ◽  
The Social ◽  
Personal Experiences ◽  
Construction Of Self ◽  
Religion And Ethnicity

Autobiographical memoirs incorporate personal experiences of an individual and the cultural structures for recognizing lives and identities. They mediate between actions and point of view of an author to display the identity of self and others. The language of autobiographical narratives situates characters in relation to one another to distinguish between self and other. This study examines the approach adopted by Malala for her identity construction in her autobiography, explicating the ways she maintains or challenges the social customs through these ideologies. It analyses linguistic features employed by Malala for identity construction and ideological distinctions between the victims and the perpetrators, stigmatized and non-stigmatized in her story. Malala appears in her tales as an author with authority, as well as a victim of intolerance and abuse, according to the findings; however, her identity is often fluid and changing through acquiring the roles of victim, figure, and author, and depicting her characters in parallel roles. She positioned characters in her story by making overt and covert contrasts within reported events. Her narrative shows a contentious case of discrimination in which both the victim and the perpetrator are Pashtun Muslims from Pakistan of the same race, religion, and ethnicity.

scholarly journals Learner attention to form in ACCESS task-based interaction

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 454-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phung Dao ◽  
Noriko Iwashita ◽  
Elizabeth Gatbonton
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Group Size ◽  
Task Complexity ◽  
Language Teaching ◽  
Past Tense ◽  
Interaction Data ◽  
Self And Other ◽  
Linguistic Item ◽  
Task Modeling ◽  
Task Features

This study explored the potential effects of communicative tasks developed using a reformulation of a task-based language teaching called Automatization in Communicative Contexts of Essential Speech Sequences (ACCESS) that includes automatization of language elements as one of its goals on learner attention to form in task-based interaction. The interaction data collected from a class for English as a second language (ESL) over a four-week period was analysed for incidence, outcome and characteristics (i.e. focus, initiation, response, and turn length) of language-related episodes (LREs) operationalized as evidence of learner attention to form. The results showed that during ACCESS task-based interactions, learners attended to form as reflected in a large number of LREs. Despite being brief, a majority of these LREs were correctly resolved, self-initiated, self- and other-responded, and focused on the target linguistic item: past-tense verbs. These results are discussed in terms of the potential effects of ACCESS task principles, different task features (i.e. task complexity, pre-task modeling, speaker role and group size), and learners’ approach to tasks on the incidence and characteristics of LREs.

scholarly journals Strategizing and Fatalizing: Self and Other in the Trauma Narratives of Justice-Involved Women

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 873-887 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda M. Emerson
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationships ◽  
Personal Narratives ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
The United States ◽  
Trauma Narratives ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Self Presentation ◽  
Self And Other ◽  
History Of

Jail admissions in the United States number nearly 1 million women annually. Many have limited access to public support and must seek assistance from family, friends, and strangers to maintain health and safety after release. This study sought to learn more about how women with a history of interpersonal trauma and criminal justice involvement perceive and manage social relationships. In-depth, story-eliciting interviews were conducted over 12 months with 10 participants who were selected from the convenience sample of an ongoing parent study in a Midwestern urban jail. Embedded trauma narratives were analyzed for self-presentation, form, and theme. The trauma narratives registered a continuum of agency, anchored at either end by patterns of strategizing talk and fatalizing talk. Providers and advocates can improve support for justice-involved women post incarceration by becoming familiar with and responding to patterns of strategizing and fatalizing in their personal narratives.

scholarly journals LINGUISTIC FEATURES OF MODERN PRINTS ON CLOTHES

2021 ◽  
pp. 144-150
Author(s):  
Екатерина Александровна Непомнящих ◽  
Яньвэй Лю
Keyword(s):  
Modern World ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Self Presentation ◽  
Ideological Attitudes

В статье исследуются тексты на молодежной одежде, которая в современном мире становится способом самопрезентации языковой личности, декларации её идеологических установок, способом вступления в диалог. Авторы описывают структурно-семантические особенности принтов на одежде, отмечают использование императива, контекстуальных антонимов, включение лексики разной стилевой принадлежности, построение высказываний по типу устно-разговорных. Исследователи указывают на афористичность, прецедентность, креолизованность, а также хэштегирование текстовых принтов на одежде. The article examines texts on youth’s clothing, which in the modern world becomes a way of self-presentation of a linguistic personality, a declaration of its ideological attitudes, a way of entering into a dialogue. The authors describe the structural and semantic features of prints on clothes, note the use of the imperative, contextual antonyms, the inclusion of vocabulary of different styles, and the construction of statements as following the oral and colloquial traditions. Researchers point at aphorismic character, precedence, creolization, as well as hashtagging of text prints on clothing.

The Psychology of Personal Web Sites

2011 ◽  
pp. 267-282
Author(s):  
Karl-Heinz Renner ◽  
Astrid Schütz
Keyword(s):  
Identity Construction ◽  
Web Sites ◽  
Web Site ◽  
Identity Management ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
Self Presentation ◽  
Intuitive Notion ◽  
Initial Results

This chapter reviews psychological research on personal Web sites, on their owners and on the effects personal Web sites may have on visitors. Personal Web sites were conceptualized as media for self-presentation and identity construction. Converging evidence is reported with regard to the elements found on Web sites and to the demographics, personality characteristics, intentions and self-presentational goals of their owners. The popular and somewhat intuitive notion that Web sites are narcissistic media or platforms for vanity and exhibitionism does not apply to the average Web site owner. Empirical findings on personality expressions of Web site owners and personality impressions people form after a brief visit of the sites are presented. Initial results show that objective features of personal Web sites are associated with self and visitor-rated personality traits of the owners. It is concluded that more longitudinal research is needed to fully understand the dynamics of identity management on personal Web sites.

Positioning selves, doing relational work and constructing identities in interview talk

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth R. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Identity Construction ◽  
Past Experience ◽  
Positioning Theory ◽  
The Other ◽  
Analytic Approach ◽  
Local Interactions ◽  
Self And Other ◽  
Vietnamese Woman ◽  
Relational Work ◽  
Interview Conversation

AbstractThis article draws on positioning theory and uses Bamberg’s (2005) three-level analytic approach to analyze how identity construction and relational work implicate the other and are co-constitutive processes in local interactions. To that end, it examines a sequence of excerpts taken from an interview involving the author and a Vietnamese woman and analyzes the co-constructed positioning of self and other that developed over the course of the interview conversation. The article focuses on how (non)delicate topics are introduced, responded to, modified and developed as the interviewee reports on past experience and adopts evaluative stances toward topics initiated by the interviewer. The study further highlights how normative ideologies are indexed and reconstituted in such talk, and points to their role in making particular identities relevant and in mobilizing relational work in local interactions.

Autobiographical narrative

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 224-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nahla Nadeem
Keyword(s):  
Identity Construction ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Social Constructs ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Collective Levels ◽  
Identity Model ◽  
Female Slave ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Close Investigation ◽  
Autobiographical Narrative

Autobiographical narrative is “a selective reconstruction of the ruminative past” and an account that serves to explain, for the self and others, how the person came to be whom s/he is at present (McAdams, 2011) and thus can provide a rich source of data for sociolinguistic analysis and a speculation in the studies of identity construction processes and narrative combined. The present paper aims to investigate how narrators — through the subtle exploitation of tense patterns manage to reflect an integrated vision of their identity and evaluate these identity construction processes. To do this, I will a) develop a model of identity construction and evaluation processes in autobiographical narrative that is based upon the writings of McAdams (1985 & 2011) and Luyckx et al. (2011)’s identity model; b) closely examine how narrators subtly use tense patterns to combine the acts of narrative with moments of reflection and finally, c) relate these linguistic features of autobiographical narrative to the process of identity construction and evaluation. For this purpose, I use as data two speeches by two females each representing a different socio-cultural background: an ex-female slave from pre-civil war America and a Lebanese author in which both reflect upon their ruminative past and how they became who they are at present. The model and the analysis give empirical evidence that a close investigation of tense patterns in autobiographical narratives is an effective analytical and explanatory tool that shows how narrators reflect their evolving self, display, and evaluate identity on its individual, relational and collective levels and make a stance on social constructs such as race and gender.

scholarly journals Self-Esteem Relates to Expecting Others to See Us How We See Ourselves

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley M. Araiza ◽  
Antonio L. Freitas
Keyword(s):  
Self Esteem ◽  
Negative Evaluation ◽  
Fear Of Negative Evaluation ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Personal Attributes ◽  
Distractor Task ◽  
Total N ◽  
Self And Other

We examined whether self-esteem relates to coherence between self-evaluations and anticipated evaluations by others. In two studies (total N = 279), participants twice completed a measure of their personal attributes, once from their own standpoints and once from the perspective of someone they anticipated meeting, separated by a 25-minute distractor task. Supporting our preregistered predictions, the within-person association between self- and other-ratings was stronger as a function of between-person increases in self-esteem. These effects remained after statistically controlling for self-concept clarity and for fear of negative evaluation, both of which related meaningfully to self-esteem. Together, these findings indicate that persons high in self-esteem anticipate that others will evaluate them consistently with how they evaluate themselves.

scholarly journals A Semantic and Rhetorical Study of Manipulation in Two English and Arabic Political Speeches

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raid Muhammad Jasim ◽  
Sabah S. Mustafa
Keyword(s):  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Self Presentation ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Methods ◽  
American President ◽  
Political Speeches ◽  
Ideological Dimension

Manipulation is a discursive phenomenon used by speakers to affect the thoughts ( and indirectly the actions) of the recipients. This study is concerned with manipulation in two political speeches; one in English delivered by the American President Donald J. Trump, while the other in Arabic delivered by the Iraqi President Barham Salih to be the study's data. Each one of these two speeches is divided into serial-numbered extracts( henceforth Ext.). The study aims at investigating the semantic and rhetorical devices utilized as manipulation strategies in these speeches. To this end, the qualitative and quantitative methods of analysis will be followed in this study. The significance of the study stems from how the ideological dimension based on bettering off the speaker's image and derogating others' image plays a vital role in the political speeches. This study draws on Van Dijk's ideological approach to Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) of political discourse, and accordingly, it is adopted as a model. Results revealed that both speakers use lexicalization, a list of three, repetition, and citing as effective techniques in their two speeches to affect their recipients' minds. The study concluded that the ideological framework of "positive self-presentation" and "negative other-presentation" is the central umbrella under which manipulation can exist and work freely. The findings might help linguists and political analysts to understand how politicians use the linguistic features in their discourse to affect the audience's thoughts and behaviors manipulatively.

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