scholarly journals Synthesis and Performance of PAFS Coagulant Derived from Aluminium Dross

2022 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 547-563
Author(s):  
Shiyi Li ◽  
Shafreeza Sobri
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Sulfuric Acid Concentration ◽  
Settling Time ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Turbidity Removal ◽  
Preparation Conditions ◽  
Water Ph ◽  
Aluminium Dross

Polymerised aluminium ferric sulphate (PAFS) was prepared from aluminium dross as a coagulant in wastewater treatment. The effects of leaching time, leaching temperature, and sulfuric acid concentrations on the turbidity removal of the wastewater were investigated, and the optimum conditions were determined using response surface methodology. The results showed that the optimum PAFS preparation conditions were at a leaching time of 60 minutes, a leaching temperature of 65°C, and a sulfuric acid concentration of 1 mol/L. Furthermore, experiments were performed to investigate the effect of coagulant dosages using the PAFS prepared under the optimum leaching conditions, settling time and initial pH of the wastewater on the turbidity removal efficiency. As a result, it was found that the optimum coagulation conditions for PAFS coagulants were at a settling time of 15 minutes, coagulant dosage of 0.5g, and raw water pH 8. Under these optimum conditions, the turbidity removal efficiency of the wastewater was 91.45%. The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility of aluminium dross utilisation as a coagulant agent for wastewater treatment. Therefore, it can be concluded that PAFS prepared by leaching metal oxides from aluminium dross is an effective wastewater coagulant.

scholarly journals Degradation of Micropollutants by UV–Chlorine Treatment in Reclaimed Water: pH Effects, Formation of Disinfectant Byproducts, and Toxicity Assay

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi Wang ◽  
Zhian Ying ◽  
Ming Ma ◽  
Mingxin Huo ◽  
Wu Yang
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Reclaimed Water ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Ph Effects ◽  
Toxicity Assay ◽  
Chlorination Process ◽  
Water Ph

The utilization of reclaimed water is a reliable and sustainable approach to enhance water supply in water-deficient cities. However, the presence of micro-organic pollutants (MPs) in reclaimed water has potential adverse effects on aquatic ecosystems and human health. In this study, we investigated the occurrence of 12 target MPs in the influent and reclaimed water collected from a local wastewater treatment plant, and the ultraviolet (UV)–chlorine process was applied to analyze its ability to remove MPs. The results showed that all 12 MPs were detected in both the influent and the reclaimed water, with the concentrations ranging from 25.5 to 238 ng/L and 8.6 to 42.5 ng/L, respectively. Over 52% of all the target MPs were readily degraded by the UV–chlorine process, and the removal efficiency was 7.7% to 64.2% higher than the corresponding removal efficiency by chlorination or UV irradiation only. The degradation efficiency increased with the increasing initial chlorine concentration. The pH value had a slight influence on the MP degradation and exhibited different trends for different MPs. The formation of known disinfectant byproducts (DBPs) during the UV–chlorine process was 33.8% to 68.4% of that in the chlorination process, but the DBPs’ formation potentials were 1.3 to 2.2 times higher. The toxicity assay indicated that UV–chlorine can effectively reduce the toxicity of reclaimed water.

scholarly journals Optimization studies on turbidity removal from cosmetics wastewater using aluminum sulfate and blends of fishbone

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Prosper E. Ovuoraye ◽  
Victor I. Ugonabo ◽  
Gina F. Nwokocha
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Settling Time ◽  
Quadratic Model ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Turbidity Removal

AbstractThis research is centered on the optimization of coagulation–flocculation treatment of cosmetic wastewater. It analyzes blends of fishbone (BFB) and aluminum-based coagulant (ABC) to determine the efficacy of BFB as a potential coagulant–flocculants aid at optimum conditions using response surface methodology (RSM). The experiment was carried out employing the standard nephelometric procedure at 1000 rpm stirring rate. The central composite design (CCD) was used to examine the interactions of pH, dosage, and settling time to maximize the turbidity removal efficiency of the ABC- and BFB-driven coag–flocculation. The optimal pH, dosage, and settling time for ABC were obtained as 10, 0.1 g/L, and 2 min, while pH 6, 0.4 g/L, and settling time of 4 min were recorded for BFB following the established quadratic model of the RSM. The removal efficiency of ABC and BFB plots 80% and 88%, respectively; this corresponds to 262 NTU and 288 NTU of removal from the wastewater at optimal conditions. The kinetics result indicated that the rate constant (Kf) 3 × 10−3 (L/g min) of BFB surpassed 5 × 10−5 (L/g min) recorded for ABC following second-order coag–flocculation reaction, with correlation coefficients (R2) values of 0.999 and 0.9985, respectively. The research also applied cost–benefit analysis for the determination of the efficacy of BFB. The figure obtained shows that the benefit of using BFB will save $5.50 compared to ABC based on this work. At optimal conditions, BFB satisfied the environmental protection agency pH standard for industrial wastewater discharge, promising coagulant–flocculants aid for industrial wastewater purification purpose and the preservation of the environment.

Optimization of Coagulation Process for Disperse Navy Blue Dye Wastewater Treatment Using Response Surface Methodology

2014 ◽  
Vol 977 ◽  
pp. 270-273
Author(s):  
Ming Li ◽  
Yan Zhen Yu ◽  
Guang Yong Yan
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Settling Time ◽  
Blue Dye ◽  
Dye Wastewater ◽  
Coagulation Process ◽  
Coagulant Dosage

A response surface methodology (RSM) was used for the determination of optimum coagulation process conditions for disperse navy blue dye wastewater treatment. The experimental design was Box-Behnken design (BBD) with three operational variables: coagulant dosage, pH value and settling time. The influence of these three independent variables on the chroma removal was evaluated using a second-order polynomial multiple regression model. Quadratic model was predicted for the response variable and the maximum model-predicted chroma removal efficiency was 95%. Based on surface and contour plots, the optimum conditions were obtained to be coagulant dosage of 70.98 mg/L, pH value of 7.46, and settling time of 15.80 min with the actual chroma removal efficiency as 93%.

Preparation of Polysilicate Aluminium Ferric (PSFA) Using Effluents and its Application on Banknote Printing Wastewater Treatment

2011 ◽  
Vol 393-395 ◽  
pp. 1376-1380
Author(s):  
Zu Min Qiu ◽  
Dong Jing Liu ◽  
Jun Ming Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Color Removal ◽  
Optimal Dosage ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Light Green

Based on the concept of “waste control by waste”, a kind of inorganic polymeric flocculants which was called Polysilicate Aluminium Ferric (PSFA) was made from bentonite, wastewater containing Al3+, wastewater containing Fe3+ and sulfuric acid under normal temperature conditions, and it was adopted to treat banknote printing wastewater. The experiment results revealed that the maximal Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) removal efficiency of 95.52% with residual COD of 3571mg/L and color removal efficiency of 96% with residual color of 40 times could be achieved at the optimal dosage of 48g/L wastewater, a number of big and dense alum flocs appeared quite fast, the flocs and water could be obviously separated in a short time, the pH of coagulating effluent of which color was light green was about 4.01, the effects of coagulation were very well.

scholarly journals The cellulose of Boehmeria nivea as natural flocculants: synthesis, modification, and flocculation analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 896 (1) ◽  
pp. 012056
Author(s):  
D Fauzani ◽  
S Notodarmojo ◽  
M Handajani ◽  
Q Helmy ◽  
T Kardiansyah
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Surface Modification ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Water And Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Turbidity Removal ◽  
Kaolin Suspension ◽  
Boehmeria Nivea ◽  
Water And Wastewater

Abstract Due to their non-toxicity and biodegradability, natural polymeric flocculants have gained popularity in water and wastewater treatment in recent years. Because of its broad availability, renewability, sustainability, and surface modification potential, cellulose, the most common polymer on the planet, is regarded as one of the foundation polymers for flocculant production and modification. The following article consists of a review of the latest developments regarding biopolymers, in particular, cellulose as a natural flocculant. One of the plants that can be developed in Indonesia is Boehmeria nivea, or what is known as Ramie, which contains cellulose that is still not utilized optimally. There is a method of isolation of alpha-cellulose derived from Boehmeria nivea and its application as a flocculant in synthetic wastewater presented in this paper. The alpha-cellulose of Boehmeria nivea was used as a flocculant in jar testing using kaolin suspension (5 g/L). The study shows that adding alpha-cellulose as an aid to PAC slightly increased the turbidity removal efficiency, and further modification of alpha-cellulose by cationic grafts into cationic cellulose is needed.

Application of New Complex Flocculant in Seawater Desalination Pretreatment

2014 ◽  
Vol 556-562 ◽  
pp. 57-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Cheng ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Xiang Yu
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Ferric Chloride ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Carboxymethyl Chitosan ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Optimal Dosage ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Turbidity Removal ◽  
Cod Removal Rate ◽  
Flocculation Effect

carboxymethyl chitosan modified to determine the optimum conditions for desalination pretreatment carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC): the optimal dosage of 8mg / L, turbidity removal efficiency of up to 92.8 %, COD removal rate was 53.25%; on this basis, polysilicon ferric chloride (PFSC) and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) for seawater flocculation experiments, the best dosage of carboxymethyl chitosan 2mg / L, polysilicon ferric chloride 0.2mg / L, turbidity of seawater reached 96.6%, COD removal efficiency reached 81.4%; and with a single flocculant for seawater flocculation effect is carried out.

Comparative Study on Anti-Fouling Properties and Application of Two PVDF Blend Membranes in Wastewater Treatment

2012 ◽  
Vol 550-553 ◽  
pp. 2164-2169
Author(s):  
Jian Ping Huang ◽  
Yu Min Shao ◽  
Li Li Liu ◽  
Chun Yan Ma
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Membrane Module ◽  
Step Method ◽  
Removal Rates ◽  
Turbidity Removal ◽  
Blend Membranes ◽  
Membrane Modules ◽  
Better Than

The filtration experiments of two PVDF blending membranes were performed. The critical fluxes of PVDF/PMMA and PVDF/TPU blend membranes were measured by the flux-step method. Then tubular membrane module PVDF/PMMA and PVDF/TPU were used to treat alcohol wastewater. The anti-fouling properties of PVDF/TPU membrane module were better than those of PVDF/PMMA membrane module. The critical fluxes of PVDF/PMMA and PVDF/TPU membrane modules were 24 L/(m2∙h) and 22 L/(m2∙h), respectively. In the alcohol wastewater treatment, TMP and SJ of the tested membranes remained stable during this period and membrane module B was more stable than membrane module A. The CODCr removal rates of two membrane modules reached 48% and 58%, respectively. And the UV254removal rates were 18% and 19%, respectively. Both the turbidity removal efficiency were more than 97% and the average effluent values were below 0.10NTU.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the performance of titanium and zirconium salts as coagulants in industrial wastewater treatment: pollutant removal, sludge production, and sludge characteristics

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayla Uysal ◽  
Eda Boyacioglu
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Volume Index ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Industrial Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Residual Sludge ◽  
Removal Efficiencies ◽  
Maximum Removal

AbstractIn this study, titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4), zirconium tetrachloride (ZrCl4), and zirconium oxychloride (ZrOCl2·8H2O) were evaluated using jar test experiments as coagulants and compared with traditional aluminum sulfate (Al2(SO4)3·18H2O) and ferric chloride (FeCl3) for industrial wastewater treatment. The effects of the initial pH of 4–10 and initial coagulant doses of 10–100 mg/L on chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total suspended solids (TSS) removal were investigated. The performances of the five coagulants were also assessed in terms of the settled sludge volume, the sludge volume index (SVI), and removal efficiencies of metals, color, and total phosphorus (TP) under optimum conditions. In addition, the contents of the residual sludge produced for all five tested coagulants under optimum conditions were determined. The results showed that the maximum removal efficiency of COD (69.33%) was achieved using 100 mg/L TiCl4 at pH 8. The maximum removal efficiency of TSS (98.32%) was achieved using 50 mg/L Al2(SO4)3·18H2O at both pH 8 and 10. The settled sludge volume and SVI generated by TiCl4 were lower than that for the other four tested coagulants. ZrCl4, ZrOCl2·8H2O, FeCl3, and Al2(SO4)3·18H2O resulted in 128.13, 92.39, 72.26, and 69.66 mL/g SVI, while that using TiCl4 was 48.84 mL/g. Ti- and Zr-based coagulants achieved better removal efficiencies of TP, Zn, and Cu than FeCl3 and Al(SO4)3·18H2O. The residual sludge from using Ti and Zr coagulants had a very high TP content. The results indicated that Ti- and Zr-based coagulants could be used as alternatives to traditional coagulants for industrial wastewater treatment.

Modelling the performance of anaerobic wastewater stabilization ponds

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (12) ◽  
pp. 171-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Saqqar ◽  
M. B. Pescod
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Pond Water ◽  
Removal Efficiencies ◽  
Wastewater Stabilization Ponds ◽  
Raw Wastewater

The performance of the primary anaerobic pond at the Alsamra Wastewater Treatment Plant in Jordan was monitored over 48 months. Overall averages for the removal efficiencies of BOD5, COD and suspended solids were 53%, 53% and 74%, respectively. An improvement in removal efficiency with increase in pond water temperature was demonstrated. A model, which takes into account the variability of raw wastewater at different locations, has been developed to describe the performance of a primary anaerobic pond in terms of a settleability ratio for the raw wastewater. The model has been verified by illustrating the high correlation between actual and predicted pond performance.

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