Freshwater, Fish and the Future: Proceedings of the Global Cross-Sectoral Conference

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Small Scale ◽  
Commercial Fishing ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
Inland Fisheries ◽  
Cultural Legacy ◽  
Regulatory Constraints ◽  
Recreational Angling ◽  
General Decline ◽  
The Social ◽  
Marketing Activities

<em>Abstract</em> .—For the past decade, French inland commercial fishers have faced increasing difficulties in maintaining their fishing and marketing activities for the fish consumption sector. Lack of political will, combined with short-sighted political decision making and increasing regulatory constraints, has made it difficult to develop opportunities for inland commercial fishing. A lack of collective organization among inland fisheries markets, the sector’s poor visibility and image, and conflicts with recreational angling associations have also contributed to these difficulties. Consequently, some small-scale commercial inland fisheries are undergoing liquidation. However, this sector has also made important contributions to society by diversifying its activities through environmental services such as data collection for knowledge and conservation of native fish biodiversity. Indeed, in most cases, professional inland fishers provide the only data on fish stocks and the health of continental aquatic ecosystems. Indeed, this information, knowledge, and associated heritage are part of a cultural legacy that deserves to be preserved, given that fishing plays an important role in the social and cultural identity of many fluvial and lakeside territories. Commercial fishers could also play a significant role in implementing long-term cross-sectoral policies through their contributions to sustainable hydrosystem management, local gastronomy, and ecotourism. This paper presents the strategy that was used to try to halt the general decline of small-scale commercial inland fisheries in France and Europe and describes why the strategy failed.

scholarly journals From Safety Net to Point of No Return—Are Small-Scale Inland Fisheries Reaching Their Limits?

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 7299
Author(s):  
Pina Lena Lammers ◽  
Torsten Richter ◽  
Jasmin Mantilla-Contreras
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Fishery Management ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Current Function ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
Inland Fisheries ◽  
Point Of No Return ◽  
Agricultural Yields ◽  
Near Future

Small-scale inland fisheries (SSIF) are a livelihood opportunity for millions of people in developing countries. Understanding the economic, ecological, political and social impacts fishers are coping with can clarify weaknesses and challenges in the fishery management. Using the SSIF at Lake Alaotra, Madagascar, as an example, we analyzed the development and fishers’ perception of, and adaptation strategies to, change. We surveyed fish catches to assess the state of fish stocks and conducted interviews to understand fishers’ livelihood, problems, behavior and attitudes. Our results show that the fishery sector of Lake Alaotra has grown dramatically although fish catches have fallen sharply. Changes in species composition and low reproduction rates reflect the fishing pressure. A point of no return seems near, as decreasing agricultural yields force farmers to enter the fishery sector as a form of livelihood diversification. Lake Alaotra reflects an alarming trend which can already be seen in many regions of the world and may affect a growing number in the near future. The Alaotran fisheries demonstrate that SSIF’s ability to provide livelihood alternatives under conditions of insecurity will become increasingly important. It further highlights that the identification of ongoing livelihood dynamics in order to disclose possible poverty trap mechanisms and to understand fisheries’ current function is essential for sustainable management.

The Industrialization of Commercial Fishing, 1930–2016

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmel Finley
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
The United States ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Eastern Bloc ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Commercial Fishing ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Maximum Sustained Yield

Nations rapidly industrialized after World War II, sharply increasing the extraction of resources from the natural world. Colonial empires broke up on land after the war, but they were re-created in the oceans. The United States, Japan, and the Soviet Union, as well as the British, Germans, and Spanish, industrialized their fisheries, replacing fleets of small-scale, independent artisanal fishermen with fewer but much larger government-subsidized ships. Nations like South Korea and China, as well as the Eastern Bloc countries of Poland and Bulgaria, also began fishing on an almost unimaginable scale. Countries raced to find new stocks of fish to exploit. As the Cold War deepened, nations sought to negotiate fishery agreements with Third World nations. The conflict over territorial claims led to the development of the Law of the Sea process, starting in 1958, and to the adoption of 200-mile exclusive economic zones (EEZ) in the 1970s. Fishing expanded with the understanding that fish stocks were robust and could withstand high harvest rates. The adoption of maximum sustained yield (MSY) after 1954 as the goal of postwar fishery negotiations assumed that fish had surplus and that scientists could determine how many fish could safely be caught. As fish stocks faltered under the onslaught of industrial fisheries, scientists re-assessed their assumptions about how many fish could be caught, but MSY, although modified, continues to be at the heart of modern fisheries management.

scholarly journals Socio-Economic Perspectives of Transition in Inland Fisheries and Fish Farming in a Least Developed Country

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 2985
Author(s):  
Vincent-Paul Sanon ◽  
Raymond Ouedraogo ◽  
Patrice Toé ◽  
Hamid El Bilali ◽  
Erwin Lautsch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Rural Livelihoods ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Commercial Fishing ◽  
Developed Country ◽  
Fisheries Governance ◽  
Inland Fisheries

Small-scale inland fisheries are essential for livelihoods and food security in developing countries such as Burkina Faso. However, there is a gap in research on the ongoing transformation of the sector toward sustainability. This article analyzes the transition in inland fisheries and aquaculture in Burkina Faso and its implications in terms of natural resources management, food security, and livelihoods. We used the Multi-Level Perspective (MLP) method as a reference transition framework and sampled using a mixed approach including 63 qualitative interviews, with fisheries experts and stakeholders, as well as quantitative data gathered through a representative survey with 204 fishermen’s households. We examined open access, concession, and co-management fisheries systems. Our results show that technical and institutional changes in fisheries over the last decades deeply shaped and transformed fisheries governance. Technological changes improved the sector’s productivity and its contribution to households’ livelihoods. Fishermen’s households consume up to 25% of fishermen’s catches. The share of the catches consumed is typically higher when commercial fishing is “not important”, but it remains typically low when it is “very important”. The income is higher for fishermen who allocate more time to or gain more income from animals breeding. The establishment of state-based management affects the balance between the coexisting traditional and newer “republican” institutions. Concession and co-management niches can contribute to the empowerment of the stakeholders and establishment of more effective management. However, they are still dominated by the traditional and centralized state regimes and governance. The support of the socio-technical landscape is paramount for the scaling-up of the fish farming niche, which has the potential to improve food security and sustain rural livelihoods in the least developed country, Burkina Faso.

Social Environment and Creativity

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-58
Author(s):  
Jiří Semrád ◽  
Milan Škrabal
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Family Environment ◽  
Social Background ◽  
Family Influence ◽  
Creative Activity ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cultural Legacy ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family

The paper deals with issues connected with the motivation of high school students to participate in activities aimed at professional creative activity and, in this context, issues of environmental influences, especially from school and the family. It is responding to some of the growing efforts of neoliberalism to over individualize creative expression and activities and completely ignore social influences. It also takes into account the cultural legacy of past generations and the sources of creative power that have taken root in society and from which individuals draw and process their inspiration. Presented within are the results of an empirical probe focused on the influence of the social environment on the creative activity of teenagers. The paper follows the relations to the existing body of knowledge on the relationship between social environment and creativity, with an effort to capture the social conditionality of creative performances—to capture their roots. The results of the probe have confirmed the initial hypothesis that the creative efforts of secondary school students taking part in vocational training is based on the social background of the family and school. However, the family influence on the students’ creativity is not as significant as one would expect. It is the indirect effect of the family environment that has a larger influence.

scholarly journals Social Media Activities and Its Influence on Customer-Brand Relationship: An Empirical Study of Apparel Retailers’ Activity in India

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 602-617
Author(s):  
Sukanya Sharma ◽  
Saumya Singh ◽  
Fedric Kujur ◽  
Gairik Das
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Shopping Behavior ◽  
Social Media Marketing ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Digital Era ◽  
Brand Relationship ◽  
The Social ◽  
Marketing Activities ◽  
The Relationship

In this digital era, the internet, and Social Media (SM) has had a radical impact on the shopping behavior of “costumers” The SM provides a platform where “costumers” are exposed to the best product with the best price along with reviews and opinions about the merchandise. So, we can turn our heads and look at a brand in a way as if the brand is speaking to us. This study was an attempt to explore the Social Media Marketing Activities (SMMA) that are being used for the marketing of fashionable products like apparel and to what level the SMMA activities of brands truly strengthen the relationship with customers and motivate purchase intention. Moreover, SMMA has a robust application in developing a marketing strategy for business. It has become a significant tool that collaborates with businesses and people. It is concluded that the “costumer”-brand relationship does have a positive and statistically significant impact on consumers’ purchase intention through SM.

scholarly journals Multilingualism in Vanuatu: Four case studies

2021 ◽  
pp. 136700692110231
Author(s):  
Mary Walworth ◽  
Amy Dewar ◽  
Thomas Ennever ◽  
Lana Takau ◽  
Iveth Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Language History ◽  
Speech Communities ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Historical Processes ◽  
The Social ◽  
Original Contribution ◽  
B Mobility

Each of the 65 inhabited islands of Vanuatu hosts its own unique linguistic environment in which varying degrees of multilingualism are found. This paper defines various types of small-scale multilingual settings in Vanuatu and explores what sociohistorical factors have led to them. This paper is based on first-hand observations and primary data collected by the authors in four locations in the Pacific Island nation of Vanuatu since 2016: two neighboring villages of Emae Island (Makatu and Tongamea), North Malekula, and on Maewo Island. The assessments of multilingualism in these examples from Vanuatu were qualitative, based on observations of sociolinguistic practices in each of these areas, as well as data from language history and language use surveys carried out in each place. Through defining and comparing the types of multilingualism present in the four case studies, we identify patterns in the social and historical processes that lead to various kinds of multilingualism: (a) interaction of linguistic and sociocultural identities and (b) mobility of both individuals and entire speech communities. The examples described in this paper are used to highlight the diversity of multilingualism found in Vanuatu and to explore how their differing linguistic environments and histories have contributed to their varying degrees of multilingualism. This paper makes an original contribution to knowledge about the small-scale multilingual situations in Vanuatu, offering descriptions of previously undocumented and endangered multilingual environments. Through an examination of the sociocultural motivations for multilingualism, alongside historical migrations of speaker groups and marked sociolinguistic identities, this paper contributes to research on why and how small-scale multilingualism can develop. Furthermore, this paper provides the foundation for future, more rigorous investigations into the small-scale multilingual situations of this highly understudied region.

Knowledge, attitudes and practice of family planning: profile of a Bedouin community in Saudi Arabia

1974 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zohair A. Sebai
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Family Planning ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Age Group ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
History Of ◽  
Or History

SummaryFamily planning is not being practised in Wadi Turaba in western Saudi Arabia, which is a Bedouin community with different stages of settlement. Children are wanted in the family, and the more children, especially boys, the better the social status of the family in the community. The desire of a mother for more children does not appear to be affected by her age group, history of previous marriages or history of previous pregnancies.Knowledge about contraceptives practically does not exist, except on a small scale in the settled community. Every woman, following the Koranic teachings, weans her child exactly at the age of 2 years, which obviously leads to the spacing of births. In rather rare situations, coitus interruptus is practised.

scholarly journals Formation of raiding parties for intergroup violence is mediated by social network structure

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (43) ◽  
pp. 12114-12119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke Glowacki ◽  
Alexander Isakov ◽  
Richard W. Wrangham ◽  
Rose McDermott ◽  
James H. Fowler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Network Structure ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
East African ◽  
Nomadic Pastoralists ◽  
Social Network Structure ◽  
The Social ◽  
Total Impact ◽  
Social Network Position

Intergroup violence is common among humans worldwide. To assess how within-group social dynamics contribute to risky, between-group conflict, we conducted a 3-y longitudinal study of the formation of raiding parties among the Nyangatom, a group of East African nomadic pastoralists currently engaged in small-scale warfare. We also mapped the social network structure of potential male raiders. Here, we show that the initiation of raids depends on the presence of specific leaders who tend to participate in many raids, to have more friends, and to occupy more central positions in the network. However, despite the different structural position of raid leaders, raid participants are recruited from the whole population, not just from the direct friends of leaders. An individual’s decision to participate in a raid is strongly associated with the individual’s social network position in relation to other participants. Moreover, nonleaders have a larger total impact on raid participation than leaders, despite leaders’ greater connectivity. Thus, we find that leaders matter more for raid initiation than participant mobilization. Social networks may play a role in supporting risky collective action, amplify the emergence of raiding parties, and hence facilitate intergroup violence in small-scale societies.

scholarly journals Experimental evaluation of influence of FADs on community structure and fisheries in coastal Kenya

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel K. Mbaru ◽  
Dorcas Sigana ◽  
Renison K. Ruwa ◽  
Elizabeth M. Mueni ◽  
Collins K. Ndoro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fish Assemblages ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Catch Per Unit Effort ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
Coastal Fisheries ◽  
Small Scale Fisheries ◽  
Open Sea ◽  
Catch Composition ◽  
Structural Indices ◽  
Fish Aggregating Devices

Fish aggregating devices (FADs) have been widely used by commercial fisheries to increase the catchability of pelagic stocks in the open sea. FADs have the potential to enhance nearshore small-scale fisheries where stocks are often overfished. This study examined changes in catch composition, abundance, catch and effort, and aspects of diversity in Kenya's nearshore coastal fisheries after deployment of anchored fish aggregating devices (AFADs). The study combined both fishery independent and dependent methods in assessing changes in fish assemblages post-deployment. Results showed orders of magnitude increase in length, weight, commercial value, and catch per unit effort (CPUE) of landed catch after deployment of FADs suggesting that FADs had a positive effect on the local fishery. Species richness at FAD sites increased post-deployment (n = 281) compared to pre-deployment values (n = 223). Simultaneous use of several complementary structural indices may be required in order to accurately describe and monitor fish assemblages around the FADs. The findings suggest that AFADs are capable of creating both short and long-term impacts on livelihoods, with the potential to deflect pressure on the overfished nearshore fish stocks. However, more research will be needed on redistribution of fish around FADs, design and placement configuration, and site selection amongst others.

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