Analysis on Optimization of Steel Material Consumption in Steelmaking

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Material Consumption ◽  
Steel Material

scholarly journals ESTIMASI KONSUMSI BAJA PADA INDUSTRI KONSTRUKSI GEDUNG TINGKAT TINGGI DI INDONESIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Cisyulia Octavia HS
Keyword(s):  
Construction Material ◽  
Unit Price ◽  
Excess Properties ◽  
Material Consumption ◽  
Average Value ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Steel Material ◽  
Steel Consumption ◽  
Material Forming ◽  
Main Material

One of the main material component used in the Indonesian construction industry is steel. Excess properties owned by the steel is ductile, which has a higher elasticity than the main material that is widely used in Indonesia, such as concrete. Increased use of steel as the primary material forming structural components made of steel industry including steel supplier undertakes research to improve steel quality, both in terms of structural directly to construction, as well as to the needs of the market in general. Innovation made by the suppliers of the steel as a construction material providers strongly influenced by the trend types and profiles are widely used in certain constructions. Needs to know the steel consumption is accomplished by conducting research on the historical data in theconstruction sector. From the analysis of data from different sources in the construction of high rise buildings obtained ratio of the average value of consumption of steel to concrete consumption valueis a percentage value 2.07 with steel to the value of the project is 25.92%. Steel consumption values for each of the building is determined by the function of building, the location of the building and the building construction. Value of steel material consumption has increased every year for the national construction value, which might be caused by an increase in the quantity of material consumption due to the increasing number of buildings is done and increase the unit price of steel. Needs of most of the applications contained in the beams and foundation, where the high rise building project has most of the tonnage and value are always increase every year. Salah satu komponen material utama yang dipergunakan pada industri konstruksi Indonesia adalah baja. Kelebihan sifat yang dimiliki oleh baja adalah ulet, yang memiliki elastisitas yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan material utama yang banyak dipergunakan di Indonesia seperti beton. Peningkatan penggunaan baja sebagai material utama pembentuk komponen struktural membuat para pelaku industri baja termasuk supplier baja melakukan berbagai penelitian untuk meningkatkan kualitas baja, baik dari segi struktural untuk konstruksi secara langsung, maupun untuk kebutuhan pasar pada umumnya. Inovasi yang dilakukan oleh para pemasok baja sebagai penyedia material konstruksi sangat dipengaruhi oleh tren jenis dan profil yang banyak digunakan dalam konstruksi-konstruksi tertentu. Kebutuhan untuk mengetahui konsumsi baja tersebut dapat dilakukan dengan melakukan penelitian terhadap data historis dalam sektor konstruksi. Dari hasil analisa data dari sumber yang berbeda pada konstruksi gedung tingkat tinggi didapat rasio rata-rata nilai konsumsi baja terhadap nilai konsumsi beton adalah 2.07 dengan persentase nilai baja terhadap nilai proyek adalah 25.92%. Nilai konsumsi baja untuk masing-masing gedung ditentukan oleh fungsi gedung, lokasi gedung dan tahun pelaksanaan konstruksi gedung. Nilai konsumsi material baja mengalami peningkatan tiaptahunnya terhadap nilai konstruksi nasional yang kemungkinan dapat disebabkan oleh peningkatan kuantitas konsumsi material karena semakin banyaknya gedung yang dikerjakan dan peningkatan harga satuan baja. Kebutuhan aplikasi baja paling besar terdapat pada balok dan pondasi, dimana dalam proyek gedung tingkat tinggi memiliki tonase dan nilai paling besar yang selalu mengalami peningkatan setiap tahunnya.

scholarly journals Do Tourism Activities and Urbanization Drive Material Consumption in the OECD Countries? A Quantile Regression Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 7742
Author(s):  
Taiwo Temitope Lasisi ◽  
Kayode Kolawole Eluwole ◽  
Uju Violet Alola ◽  
Luigi Aldieri ◽  
Concetto Paolo Vinci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Consumption ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Real Income ◽  
Income Growth ◽  
Material Consumption ◽  
Domestic Consumption ◽  
Sustainable Consumption And Production ◽  
Global Goal ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Two Parameters

The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UNSDGs) elaborately encompass a global goal for sustainable consumption and production (Goal 12: SDGs), thus providing potential drivers and/or pathways to attaining sustainable consumption. In view of this global goal, this study examined the role of real income per capita, urbanization and especially inbound tourism in domestic material consumption for the panel of OECD countries. The study is conducted for the period of 1995 to 2016 by employing the panel quantile approach. Interestingly, an inverted U-shaped relationship between outbound tourism and domestic material consumption is established across the quantiles, thus indicating that sustainable domestic consumption is achievable after a threshold of domestic material consumption is attained. In addition, achieving sustainable consumption through economic or income growth is a herculean task for the OECD countries because the current reality indicates that income growth triggers higher consumption of domestic materials. However, the results suggest that urbanization is a recipe for sustainable domestic consumption since there is a negative and significant relationship between the two parameters across the quantiles. Nevertheless, the study presents relevant policy for efficient material and resources utilization and that is suitable to drive the SDGs for 2030 and other country-specific sustainable ambitions.

A New Geometric Model of Laid-in Weft-Knitted Fabrics

2021 ◽  
pp. 004051752199276
Author(s):  
Ki Wai Fong ◽  
Si Qing Li ◽  
Rong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Geometric Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Wearable Electronics ◽  
Material Consumption ◽  
Knitted Fabrics ◽  
Functional Textiles ◽  
Loop Pattern ◽  
Spatial Configurations ◽  
Consumption Prediction

Inlay yarn and laid-in structures are important technical knitting elements that have been increasingly applied in the structural design of functional textiles in industrial, medical, and wearable electronics fields. However, there is no currently established geometric model to numerically analyze their spatial morphologies and structural properties. This study presents a new geometric model and numerical analysis approach to characterize spatial configurations of inlay yarn and ground yarn in a three-dimensional scenario for laid-in weft-knitted fabrics. Loop lengths of the inlay and ground yarn materials were calculated and analyzed under different contact and deformation conditions to estimate material consumption in this complex interlooping layout. Series of laid-in weft-knitted fabrics made of different combinations of ground and inlay yarns were fabricated with the 1 × 1 laid-in loop pattern and tested for the model validation. The comparisons between the experimental and calculated results indicated that the newly developed geometric model favorably agreed with the experimental measurements regarding the ground loop lengths and inlay loop lengths applied in the laid-in weft-knitted structures. The results indicated the applicability of the developed geometric model of laid-in weft-knitted fabrics with similar structural patterns in practical use. The output of this study provides a theoretical and practical reference for structural and physical properties analysis, material consumption prediction, even cost estimation of laid-in weft-knitted fabrics.

scholarly journals Using Satellite Data to Analyse Raw Material Consumption in Hanoi, Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 334
Author(s):  
Alessandro Novellino ◽  
Teresa J. Brown ◽  
Tom Bide ◽  
Nguyễn Thị Thục Anh ◽  
Evi Petavratzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Data ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Statistical Correlation ◽  
Earth Observation ◽  
Land Conservation ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Material Consumption ◽  
Sand And Gravel ◽  
Agricultural Areas

In this work, we provide an innovative route for analysing urban expansion and population growth and their link to the consumption of construction materials by combining satellite data with material consumption analysis within the Hanoi Province (Vietnam). Urban expansion is investigated with the use of landcover maps for the period 1975–2020 derived from satellite. During this period, artificial surfaces and agricultural areas have increased by 11.6% and 15.5%, respectively, while forests have decreased by 26.7%. We have used publicly available datasets to calculate and forecast the construction materials consumption and measure its statistical correlation with urban expansion between 2007 and 2018. Our results show that official figures for sand consumption are currently underestimated, and that by 2030, steel and sand and gravel consumption will increase even further by three and two times, respectively. Our analysis uses a new method to assess urban development and associated impacts by combining socio-economic and Earth Observation datasets. The analysis can provide evidence, underpin decision-making by authorities, policymakers, urban planners and sustainability experts, as well as support the development of informed strategies for resource consumption. It can also provide important information for identifying areas of land conservation and ecological greenways during urban planning.

scholarly journals How Lack of Knowledge and Tools Hinders the Eco-Design of Buildings—A Systematic Review

Urban Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Kikki Lambrecht Ipsen ◽  
Massimo Pizzol ◽  
Morten Birkved ◽  
Ben Amor
Keyword(s):  
Building Design ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Waste Generation ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Material Consumption ◽  
Building Sector ◽  
Environmental Consideration ◽  
Barriers To Implementation ◽  
Environmental Considerations ◽  
Lack Of Knowledge

The building sector is responsible for extensive resource consumption and waste generation, resulting in high pressure on the environment. A way to potentially mitigate this is by including environmental considerations during building design through the concept known as eco-design. Despite the multiple available approaches of eco-design, the latter is not easily achieved in the building sector. The objective of this paper is to identify and discuss what barriers are currently hindering the implementation of eco-design in the building sector and by which measures building designers can include environmental considerations in their design process. Through a systematic literature review, several barriers to implementation were identified, the main ones being lack of suitable legislation, lack of knowledge amongst building designers, and lack of suitable tools for designers to use. Furthermore, two specific tools were identified that allow the inclusion of environmental consideration in building design, along with nine design strategies providing qualitative guidance on how to potentially minimize energy and material consumption, as well as waste generation. This paper contributes a holistic overview of the major barriers to and existing tools and method for the eco-design of buildings, and provides guidance for both future research and practice.

scholarly journals Continuous-Flow Processes for the Production of Floxacin Intermediates: Efficient C–C Bond Formation through a Rapid and Strong Activation of Carboxylic Acids

2020 ◽  
Vol 02 (03) ◽  
pp. e128-e132
Author(s):  
Shao-Zheng Guo ◽  
Zhi-Qun Yu ◽  
Wei-Ke Su
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Flow System ◽  
Bond Formation ◽  
Product Yield ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Material Consumption ◽  
Tank Reactor ◽  
Mild Conditions ◽  
Flow Processes

AbstractThe development of highly efficient C–C bond formation methods for the synthesis of ethyl 2-(2,4-dichloro-5-fluorobenzoyl)-3-(dimethylamino)acrylate 1 in continuous flow processes has been described, which is based on the concept of rapid and efficient activation of carboxylic acid. 2,4-Dichloro-5-fluorobenzoic acid is rapidly converted into highly reactive 2,4-dichloro-5-fluorobenzoyl chloride by treating with inexpensive and less-toxic solid bis(trichloromethyl)carbonate. And then it rapidly reacts with ethyl 3-(dimethylamino)acrylate to afford the desired 1. This process can be performed under mild conditions. Compared with the traditional tank reactor process, less raw material consumption, higher product yield, less reaction time, higher operation safety ensured by more the environmentally friendly procedure, and process continuity are achieved in the continuous-flow system.

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