scholarly journals ESTIMASI KONSUMSI BAJA PADA INDUSTRI KONSTRUKSI GEDUNG TINGKAT TINGGI DI INDONESIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Cisyulia Octavia HS
Keyword(s):  
Construction Material ◽  
Unit Price ◽  
Excess Properties ◽  
Material Consumption ◽  
Average Value ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Steel Material ◽  
Steel Consumption ◽  
Material Forming ◽  
Main Material

One of the main material component used in the Indonesian construction industry is steel. Excess properties owned by the steel is ductile, which has a higher elasticity than the main material that is widely used in Indonesia, such as concrete. Increased use of steel as the primary material forming structural components made of steel industry including steel supplier undertakes research to improve steel quality, both in terms of structural directly to construction, as well as to the needs of the market in general. Innovation made by the suppliers of the steel as a construction material providers strongly influenced by the trend types and profiles are widely used in certain constructions. Needs to know the steel consumption is accomplished by conducting research on the historical data in theconstruction sector. From the analysis of data from different sources in the construction of high rise buildings obtained ratio of the average value of consumption of steel to concrete consumption valueis a percentage value 2.07 with steel to the value of the project is 25.92%. Steel consumption values for each of the building is determined by the function of building, the location of the building and the building construction. Value of steel material consumption has increased every year for the national construction value, which might be caused by an increase in the quantity of material consumption due to the increasing number of buildings is done and increase the unit price of steel. Needs of most of the applications contained in the beams and foundation, where the high rise building project has most of the tonnage and value are always increase every year. Salah satu komponen material utama yang dipergunakan pada industri konstruksi Indonesia adalah baja. Kelebihan sifat yang dimiliki oleh baja adalah ulet, yang memiliki elastisitas yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan material utama yang banyak dipergunakan di Indonesia seperti beton. Peningkatan penggunaan baja sebagai material utama pembentuk komponen struktural membuat para pelaku industri baja termasuk supplier baja melakukan berbagai penelitian untuk meningkatkan kualitas baja, baik dari segi struktural untuk konstruksi secara langsung, maupun untuk kebutuhan pasar pada umumnya. Inovasi yang dilakukan oleh para pemasok baja sebagai penyedia material konstruksi sangat dipengaruhi oleh tren jenis dan profil yang banyak digunakan dalam konstruksi-konstruksi tertentu. Kebutuhan untuk mengetahui konsumsi baja tersebut dapat dilakukan dengan melakukan penelitian terhadap data historis dalam sektor konstruksi. Dari hasil analisa data dari sumber yang berbeda pada konstruksi gedung tingkat tinggi didapat rasio rata-rata nilai konsumsi baja terhadap nilai konsumsi beton adalah 2.07 dengan persentase nilai baja terhadap nilai proyek adalah 25.92%. Nilai konsumsi baja untuk masing-masing gedung ditentukan oleh fungsi gedung, lokasi gedung dan tahun pelaksanaan konstruksi gedung. Nilai konsumsi material baja mengalami peningkatan tiaptahunnya terhadap nilai konstruksi nasional yang kemungkinan dapat disebabkan oleh peningkatan kuantitas konsumsi material karena semakin banyaknya gedung yang dikerjakan dan peningkatan harga satuan baja. Kebutuhan aplikasi baja paling besar terdapat pada balok dan pondasi, dimana dalam proyek gedung tingkat tinggi memiliki tonase dan nilai paling besar yang selalu mengalami peningkatan setiap tahunnya.

scholarly journals Assessment of Cement Consumption Pattern: A Case from Pokhara, Nepal

2021 ◽  
pp. 26-37
Author(s):  
Prabin Banstola ◽  
Kishor Kumar Shrestha ◽  
Ishwor Thapa ◽  
Anjay Kumar Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Field Survey ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Consumption Pattern ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Consumption Data ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Ex Post Facto ◽  
Spss Software ◽  
Very High

Purpose: Cement is a major construction material used in civil engineering works due to which its demand is very high. The consumers and suppliers of the cement market may feel that every brand they are buying and selling is of good quality. The study has been focused to assess the consumption of different cement brands available in the Pokhara Metropolitan city. Design/Methodology/Approach: cement suppliers’ data and field data were collected. Cement suppliers within the study area were considered during the survey. The different brands of cement in use at the site were examined by field survey and analysis was conducted on SPSS software to obtain the results. Findings/Result: Maximum cement suppliers prefer Shivam (18.18%) in OPC type and Brij cement (17.53%) in PPC type. A positive increasing trend of annual cement consumption was observed from 2070 BS to 2076 BS. Annual cement consumption of OPC and PPC were separately studied. Cement consumption data from mass concreting areas were collected. High rise buildings, Pokhara international airport, midhill highway section in the study area, siltation dams, and cement consumption in bridges near the study area were taken into consideration for the study. All RMC suppliers' cement consumption in study area was studied differently from the establishment period. Descriptive statistics was used to study the association between cement preference and the price of cement. Preference of suppliers of cement was not found to be associated with the price of cement. Preference for cement in RMC was not found to be associated with price of cement. Originality/Value: It is action research to analyze cement consumption pattern Paper Type: Ex-Post Facto Research

scholarly journals SIMULASI KUAT PENERANGAN GEDUNG BERTINGKAT MENGGUNAKAN SOFTWARE DIALUX EVO 6.2. DI GEDUNG L1 TEKNIK ELEKTRO UNIVERSITAS NEGERI JAKARTA

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 28-31
Author(s):  
Azhari Jum’atullah ◽  
Irzan Zakir ◽  
Massus Subekti
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Method ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Measuring Instrument ◽  
Measurement Result ◽  
Average Value ◽  
High Rise ◽  
High Rise Building ◽  
Percent Increase ◽  
Drawing Room ◽  
Manual Calculation

The purpose of this research is to get the strong value of lighting at L1 building of Universitas Negeri Jakarta and compare the measurement result using luxmeter with software of Dialux Evo 6.2. This research uses engineering methods by utilizing three ways of measurement, manual calculation and simulation of Dialux Evo 6.2. Measurement method using Luxmeter as measuring instrument to get the measured value of the measured light in the learning room based on the standard procedure of calculation according to SNI and the simulation using the program of Dialux Evo 6.2 to predict the strong value of the illumination that should be in the building. The results of this study indicate that the average value of the average light is still not much according to the standard. Then by manual calculation and simulation, the strong value of illumination that should be in the building is also below 350 lux for study room, under 500 lux for laboratory, and under 750 lux for technic al drawing room. Then to improve the design of the high rise building, to achieve a strong value of lighting above 350 lux, 500 lux and 750 lux can be obtained by changing the wall color characters that increased to reach 3- 9.6 percent, a 52-84 percent increase after changing the point of light , as well as an increase of 54-85 percent after changing the color of the walls and the point of light. Abstrak Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan nilai kuat penerangan pada gedung L1 Universitas Negeri Jakarta dan membandingkan hasil pengukuran menggunakan luxmeter dengan software Dialux Evo 6.2. Penelitian ini  menggunakan metode rekayasa teknik dengan memanfaatkan tiga cara yaitu pengukuran, perhitungan manual dan simulasi Dialux Evo 6.2. Cara pengukuran menggunakan Luxmeter sebagai alat ukur untuk mendapatkan nilai kuat penerangan yang terukur pada ruang belajar berdasarkan standar tata cara perhitungan menurut SNI dan cara simulasi menggunakan program Dialux Evo 6.2 untuk memprediksi nilai kuat penerangan yang seharusnya terdapat pada gedung bertingkat. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa nilai kuat penerangan rata-rata yang masih banyak yang belum sesuai standar. Kemudian dengan cara perhitungan manual dan simulasi, nilai kuat penerangan yang seharusnya terdapat pada gedung bertingkat tersebut juga masih dibawah 350 lux untuk ruang belajar, dibawah 500 lux untuk laboratorium, dan dibawah 750 lux untuk ruang gambar teknik. Kemudian pada perbaikan desain gedung bertingkat tersebut, untuk mencapai nilai kuat penerangan di atas 350 lux, 500 lux dan 750 lux dapat diperoleh dengan merubah karakter warna dinding yang mengalami kenaikan mencapai 3-9,6 persen, kenaikan 52-84 persen setalah merubah titik lampu, serta kenaikan 54-85 persen setelah merubah warna dinding dan titik lampu.

scholarly journals Perilaku Keruntuhan Balok Beton Mutu Normal Dengan Pengekangan Pada Daerah Tekan

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-131
Author(s):  
Tahan Tahan
Keyword(s):  
Concrete Beams ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Steel Material ◽  
Pressure Area ◽  
Respective Field ◽  
Collapse Behavior ◽  
Economic Price

Concrete is a widely used construction material now Compared to other materials such as wood and steel. This is because the constituent material is easy to obtain, has enough strength, good durability, the making process is easy and in terms of economic price affordable. Concrete is Generally classified into two classes, namely normal quality and high quality. Both of them are now widely used in the construction activities. Normal quality concrete has a quality of 20 Mpa up to 58 MPa, while high quality concrete ranges above 58 Mpa. One of the applications in the structures is collapse behavior concrete beams on the normal quality of norm with the confinement on the pressure area. To analyze the effect of collapse behavior of normal quality concrete beams and varied Finite Element Analysis (FEA) by using ANSYS Ed. 9.0 with stirrups variation space in te respective spans (40, 80,120,150) mm and stirrup variation distance in the respective field (40,80,120,125,150,100,75.50) mm with 15/20 beam size. The steel material used has stress power of 400 each Mpa, stirrup stress 200 Mpa, normal quality stress 25 Mpa. Based on manual analysis and FEA the magnitude of ultimate capacity that occurs in the model of the beam with the dense stirrup on the stress area the ultimate moment value will rise both in the moment span area and in the field. The deformation is decreasing and the crack behavior on the pressure area can be minimized

scholarly journals Monitoring of the framings stress-strain with strain gauges

2020 ◽  
Vol 164 ◽  
pp. 02023
Author(s):  
Alexey Yurgaytis ◽  
Dmitry Topchiy ◽  
Andrey Shinkarenko ◽  
Julia Saidova
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Base Plate ◽  
Strain Gauges ◽  
Material Consumption ◽  
Safety Factors ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Strain Monitoring ◽  
Reference Specimens

The article describes the research methods of the stress-strain of reinforced concrete framings (piles and pylons) using embedded strain gauges. The relations of load to indirect reactive characteristics displayed by the weighing device which were obtained through laboratory tests of framings reference specimens are given. Summary tables of framings stress-strain monitoring results gained during the II Phase of construction project (after base plate concreting for piles and floor slab concreting for pylons) are included. The study of obtained results of actual framings stress will allow reducing construction material consumption through the reduction of the safety factors on reliability.

scholarly journals Environmental and Economic Life Cycle Analysis of Primary Construction Materials Sourcing Under Geopolitical Uncertainties: A Case Study of Qatar

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (21) ◽  
pp. 6000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Al-Nuaimi ◽  
Banawi ◽  
Al-Ghamdi
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Unit Price

Environmental and economic cycles under varying geopolitical uncertainties can lead to unsustainable patterns that significantly and negatively affect the welfare of nations. With the ever-increasing negative environmental and economic impacts, the ability to achieve sustainability is hindered if the implications are not properly assessed in challenging geopolitical crises. The infrequent and fluctuating nature of these challenging geopolitical settings causes disregard and neglect for exploration within this issue. In this study, a comparative life cycle assessment was conducted as a method to evaluate the environmental and economic impacts of construction material flow across country boundaries. Based on the results found from the life cycle assessment, an environmental forecast and sensitivity analysis were established. Considering the State of Qatar as a case study, asphalt and bitumen, cement, limestone, sand, and steel were analyzed from gate-to-gate depending on transportation mode and distances used within both the pre-crisis and post-crisis sub-periods, comparing carbon emissions and costs. The results showed that the mode of transport plays a significant role in terms of carbon dioxide emissions as opposed to distance traveled. However, the increase in distance coupled to the majority shift from land to sea-based transport resulted in an overall increase in carbon emissions and costs post-crisis. In addition, the analysis of the environmental and economic impact assessment using the average CO2 equivalent (CO2-e) per kilogram and the unit price of the five primary construction materials has shown a significant, 70.68% increase in global warming potentials (GWP) after the crisis, coupled with an increase in the overall cost. An assessment of environmental and economic impacts during geopolitical uncertainties allows for the significant ability to realize sustainable measures to greatly reduce economic and environmental degradation.

scholarly journals Working capital management in the process of financial support of investment and construction projects and of the construction material industry

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 03029
Author(s):  
Nadezhda Danilochkina ◽  
Inessa Lukmanova ◽  
Olga Roshchina ◽  
Nikolay Voytolovskiy
Keyword(s):  
Financial Support ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Capital Management ◽  
Working Capital ◽  
Working Capital Management ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
Financial Activity ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Activity Cycles

The article presents the analysis of working capital in the process of financial support of high-rise construction investment projects. The factors influencing the choice of the working capital management model were analyzed, the reasons of the change in the requirement for the values of current assets in the process of construction of high-rise facilities were determined. The author has developed the scheme of interrelation between production, operational and financial activity cycles of enterprises implementing investment projects of unique buildings and structures and made a comparative description of their financing sources.

Performance of raft foundations for high-rise buildings on the Bouldery Clay in Singapore

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
I H Wong ◽  
I K Ooi ◽  
B B Broms
Keyword(s):  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
In Situ Tests ◽  
Soil Matrix ◽  
Average Value ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Average Modulus ◽  
Load Tests ◽  
Hard Soil ◽  
Raft Foundations

The Bouldery Clay in Singapore consists of sandstone boulders that are embedded in a matrix of very stiff to hard silty and sandy clay. The strength and deformation characteristics of the soil matrix are close to those of a weak rock or a heavily overconsolidated clay. The average value of the second cycle moduli from the pressuremeter tests and the plate load tests is 480 MPa, and the average value of the undrained shear strengh from in situ tests is 1000 kPa. The performance of raft foundations for six high-rise buildings founded on the Bouldery Clay has been vary satisfactory, and the measured maximum and differential settlements are within allowable limits. The average equivalent undrained modulus of elasticity back-calculated from settlement observations is 540 MPa, compared with the average modulus of 480 MPa from in situ tests after unloading and reloading. It is therefore recommended that unloading and reloading of at least two cycles should be carried out for in situ tests so that a more representative modulus of elasticity for the Bouldery Clay and other very stiff or hard soil can be obtained. Key words: raft foundations, Bouldery Clay, Young's modulus, settlement, high-rise buildings.

Future Research Trends in High-Performance Concrete: Cost-Effective Considerations

1997 ◽  
Vol 1574 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao-Lung Hwang ◽  
Long-Sherng Lee
Keyword(s):  
Cycle Length ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Performance Concrete ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Research Trends ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Ordinary Concrete ◽  
High Rise

High-performance concrete (HPC) prepared on the basis of eugenic considerations (cost-effectiveness and life-cycle length) is proposed to resolve actual concrete problems. HPC is safe, durable, workable, economical, and ecologically sound. Concrete in Taiwan is always designed with large amounts of water and paste (even though it is generally accepted that the concrete will tend to crack and deteriorate). Therefore, HPC with fewer problems is the target of ongoing research. Eugenic HPC is produced from ordinary concrete, superplasticized concrete, pozzolanic concrete, and high-flowing concrete. Without the drawbacks of past forms of concrete, eugenic HPC is a better construction material on the basis of individual material characteristics. The characteristics of eugenic HPC are presented and illustrated by two high-rise buildings in Taiwan constructed with high-flowing HPC.

scholarly journals Estimasi Emisi CO2 Pada Pekerjaan Perakitan Baja Tulangan dengan Ruang Lingkup Gate To Install

G - SMART ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Arvin Philander Cahyono ◽  
Liem Kresna Mulia ◽  
Hermawan ◽  
Endro Giyanto
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Construction Project ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Reinforcing Steel ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Heavy Equipment ◽  
The World ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Main Material

Reinforcing steel is one of the major construction materials which produces significant CO2 emission. In addition, reinforcing steel is also the main material in various construction Project type. Type of construction project which uses large amounts of reinforcing steel is high-rise buildings. The growth of high-rise buildings almost all over the world tend to increase. The tendency can be shown in Indonesia which has a total of 621 high-rise buildings. With this amount, Indonesia is one of 10 countries which have a significant tendency in the growth of high-rise buildings. Furthermore, the large and small of CO2 emission of reinforcing steel is indicated sourced from the supply chain as well. Hereafter, the reinforcing steel on the site needs some heavy equipment such as bar bending, bar cutter and transportation using tower cranes. The contribution of CO2 emission from the supply chain and install on site becomes important as it contributes in shaping cycles within the construction project. The existence of such cycles can be shown by the source and the amount of CO2 emission produced by each step. By using LCA, the source and amount of CO2 emission from each step can be found. The scope developed in this research is cradle to install. The result of the research shows that the size of CO2 emission in the cradle section range from 99 kg.CO2/m3-171 kg.CO2/m3. Furthermore, the size of CO2 emission in the supply chain section ranges from 10 kg.CO2 / m3-21 kg.CO2/m3. The size of CO2 emission ranges between 1 kg.CO2/m3-5 kg.CO2/m3. The result of the research is that reinforcing steel cradle is the biggest source of CO2 emission. The CO2 emission on the site is the smallest compared to the cradle and supply chain, but they cannot be ignored because they also contribute to and make a big determinant of CO2 emission in the construction project.

scholarly journals STUDI ANALISIS PERSENTASE WASTE BESI BETON DAN FAKTOR PENYEBABNYA PADA BANGUNAN BERTINGKAT RENDAH DI JAKARTA

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
Liem Antonio Geraldi ◽  
Hendrik Sulistio
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Construction Project ◽  
Unit Price ◽  
Material Analysis ◽  
Waste Concrete ◽  
Steel Material ◽  
Percentage Volume ◽  
Building Project ◽  
Iron Material ◽  
The Relationship

Waste iron material is often found in a construction project. Of course, by knowing what is the cause of waste iron material, the waste of this material can also be controlled and minimized. This research was conducted on a low rise building project in the Jakarta area and its surroundings which aims to find out what percentage volume of waste that occurs, how much loss, and causes the waste steel material. Analysis determine volume of waste and losses to find the number of concrete steel material requirements, the amount of concrete steel material purchase, and unit price of concrete iron material in a project obtained from drawings, weekly / monthly reports, budget plans, and interviews directly to the construction. To find cause of the waste carried out by distributing questionnaires to construction, the variables related to waste concrete iron such as humans, management professionalism, design and documentation, materials, implementation, and external. The results of the questionnaire will processed using the factor analysis with SPSS program in which of the six variables will be grouped based on the value of the relationship and which group of variables will play a major role in the waste of concrete iron material. AbstrakPemborosan material besi beton merupakan suatu hal yang masih sering dijumpai dalam suatu proyek konstruksi. Tentunya dengan mengetahui apa yang menjadi penyebab dari pemborosan material besi beton, maka pemborosan material ini pun dapat dikontrol dan diminimalisir. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada proyek low rise building di daerah Jakarta dan sekitarnya yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar persentase volume pemborosan yang terjadi, berapa besar kerugian yang diakibatkan, dan apa saja penyebab terjadinya pemborosan dari material besi beton. Analisis yang dilakukan untuk mengetahui besar volume pemborosan dan kerugiannya adalah dengan mencari angka kebutuhan material besi beton, jumlah pembelian material besi beton, dan harga satuan material besi beton dalam suatu proyek yang dapat diperoleh dari gambar kerja, laporan mingguan/bulanan, rencana anggaran biaya, dan wawancara langsung kepada pihak pelaku konstruksi. Untuk mengetahui penyebab pemborosannya akan dilakukan dengan penyebaran kuesioner kepada pelaku konstruksi yang berisikan tentang variabel-variabel yang berhubungan dengan pemborosan material besi beton seperti manusia, profesionalitas menejemen, desain dan dokumentasi, material, pelaksanaan, dan kendala luar. Hasil dari kuesioner akan diolah menggunakan metode analisis faktor dengan bantuan program SPSS dimana dari keenam variabel tersebut akan dikelompokkan berdasarkan nilai keterkaitannya dan akan diperoleh kelompok variabel mana yang berperan besar dalam pemborosan material besi beton tersebut.

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