scholarly journals LITERASI REVIEW PERATURAN PEMERINTAH DAN LITERATUR AUDIT TERHADAP RPTs

1970 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kusumaningdiah Retno Setiorini ◽  
Al Haq Kamal ◽  
Tyagita Dianingtyas Sudibyo

This study is the result of a review of previous research in the Asian economy, which concerns the consequences and involvement of the problems that the company has in the case of the corporate scandal and the takeover of shareholder wealth (RPTs). RPTs have issues that will be discussed in this study, including the measures that will be used to implement the RPTs and variations in the size of the RPTs research. RPTs influenced by regulations, auditing and company management will be able to minimize the risk of the negative effects of these RPTs. Previous research has investigated the deterioration of shareholder wealth. The findings of previous studies related to RPTs in terms of shareholder wealth takeover, deterioration, undervaluation, reporting, increased risk of material misstatement and long-term deterioration of performance. Furthermore, the evidence suggests that regulations,corporate governance and auditing can reduce the negative effects of RPTs.  These research engagements in providing information regarding the understanding for regulators on the effects of governance, corporate governance and external audits on reducing the negative effects of RPTs, and highlighting the increased risk of material misstatements in financial statement statements. The statute, in revealing how RPTs affect the risk assessment for auditors provides a starting point for future investigations of RPTs, not the least because it reveals important limitations with the extant body of research in this area. It also offers engagements and a depth of understanding that is striking to the eyes of policy makers and practitioners

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (8/9) ◽  
pp. 779-806 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moataz El-Helaly

PurposeSeveral studies, especially in Asian economies, have investigated the antecedents, implications and consequences of related-party transactions (RPTs). This paper aims to review this literature to collate, gauge and critically discuss understandings of the relationship between RPTs and risk, with a particular focus on audit risk.Design/methodology/approachThe paper discusses RPTs and how they have been associated with corporate scandals and the expropriation of shareholders’ wealth. RPTs are defined as per accounting standards and the main types of RPTs are described based on the extant literature. Two key research design issues are discussed: measures used to operationalize RPTs and observable variations in sample size across RPT studies. Evidence is presented on the negative effects of RPTs and the role of regulation, corporate governance and auditing in reducing risks.FindingsPrior studies have associated RPTs with the expropriation of shareholders’ wealth, declining firm valuations, lower-quality financial reporting, increased risk of material misstatements and decreases in long-term firm performance. Further, the evidence suggests that regulation, corporate governance and auditing can mitigate the negative effects of RPTs.Practical implicationsThis paper provides insights for regulators on the effects of enforcement, corporate governance and external audits on reducing the negative effects of RPTs, and highlights the increased risk of material misstatements in financial statements when RPTs are conducted. Moreover, it reveals how RPTs affect risk assessments for auditors.Originality/valueThis paper represents the first comprehensive review of the empirical RPT literature. It provides a starting point for future investigations of RPTs, not least because it reveals important limitations with the extant body of research in this domain. It also offers salient insights and implications for practitioners and policy makers.


2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keanon Alderson

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to review the literature concerning the negative effects of conflict among family businesses and to make practitioner focussed recommendations for the prevention, management, and resolution of conflict. This paper discusses the prevalence of conflict in family firms, differentiates the types of conflict present, and recommends proven approaches to prevent and manage the conflict, with a focus on corporate governance tools. Examples of well known companies are presented. Design/methodology/approach – A review was conducted of the literature concerning family business conflict and corporate governance. Findings – Conflict is a common problem in family firms that has significant consequences for the business and the family. Research has shown effective governance may reduce and manage conflict. Research limitations/implications – This was a literature review. As such it did not perform original research. Practical implications – This paper has practical implications for family business practitioners. The paper offers the negative aspects of conflict and recommends effective mechanisms such as governance tools to enable the prevention, management, and resolution of conflict. Social implications – Implications exist for practitioners and policy makers in order to reduce conflict and increase the viability of family firms. Originality/value – The scholarly literature has been reviewed and synthesized into distillation for family business owners.


2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-95
Author(s):  
Catalin Florin Barnut

The aim of the paper is to assess the effects of the coronavirus pandemic (COVID – 19) on two stock market indices: BET index for Bucharest Stock Exchange and WIG20 index for Warsaw Stock Exchange. The negative effects of the pandemic have had an influence on the performance of the stock markets since its debut. Many companies as well as sectors have ceased their activity during the outbreak, causing devastating financial losses worldwide. By comparing indices evolution during 2020 using the data available on the stock markets’ websites, as well as analyzing in part the companies that make up the indices portfolio, we will try to present the sectors most affected by the pandemic as well as their evolution during the analysis period. The results of this research can be a starting point for future empirical analysis on the long-term effects of the pandemic on stock markets’ performance for Romania and Poland. The results could be a source of information for state institutions, companies, investors, analysts but also representatives of the medical sector (responsible for crisis management) - in order to observe the severity and magnitude of the negative effects of the coronavirus pandemic on the financial markets and also help develop and ensue their long-term sustainable growth.


2021 ◽  
Vol 162 (3) ◽  
pp. 83-90
Author(s):  
Árpád Farkas ◽  
Gábor Tomisa ◽  
Erika Kis ◽  
Alpár Horváth

Összefoglaló. A dohányzás káros hatásainak vizsgálata hosszú ideje az orvostudomány egyik legintenzívebben kutatott területe. A nagy tudományos érdeklődésnek köszönhetően ma már meggyőző evidenciák állnak rendelkezésre a hagyományos cigaretta használatának számos negatív hatásáról. Ezzel ellentétben a sokkal később bevezetett helyettesítő termékek veszélyeiről lényegesen kevesebbet tudunk. E körbe tartozik a manapság egyre népszerűbb elektromos cigaretta is, amelyre egyre több, egészségügyi kockázatot felmérő munka fókuszál. Ugyanakkor a több évszázados múltra visszatekintő és a világ bizonyos helyein sokáig népszerű vízipipa érdekes esetnek számít, mivel használóinak száma a nyugati világban az utóbbi időben megugrott, de az emberre gyakorolt hatása számos ponton még vita tárgyát képezi. A jelen munka célja, hogy a hazai és a nemzetközi szakirodalom alapján feltérképezze a hagyományos cigaretta, az elektromos cigaretta és a vízipipa fontosabb egészségügyi hatásait, és rámutasson azokra a kapcsolódó területekre, ahol további kutatások szükségesek. A szakirodalmi áttekintés során a különböző publikációs adatbázisokban fellelhető tudományos cikkeket elemeztük. A megvizsgált szakirodalom alapján a tartós dohányzásnak bizonyítottan a szív-ér rendszert és a légzőrendszert károsító hatása van, de növekvő számú bizonyíték utal a neurológiai káros hatásokra és a gasztroenterológiai hatásokra is. Ugyanakkor az elektromos cigaretta és a vízipipa esetében a bizonyított akut hatások mellett a hosszú távú hatásokat illetően további intenzív kutatásokra van szükség. Az elektromos cigaretta és a vízipipa esetében a hosszú távú hatások kapcsán a meggyőző evidencia hiánya semmiképpen nem jelenti azt, hogy ezen termékeket kockázatmentesnek kellene tekinteni, sőt a pulmonológusoknak és a döntéshozóknak mindent meg kell tenniük annak érdekében, hogy valamennyi dohánytermék törvényi szabályozása azok használatának visszaszorítását célozza. A kérdés fontosságának a COVID–19-pandémia különös aktualitást ad. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(3): 83–90. Summary. Revealing the health effects associated with smoking has been in the focus of intense research for decades. Due to these research efforts, there is a convincing evidence regarding the negative effects of conventional cigarettes. However, much less is known about the replacement products such as electronic cigarettes. Moreover, the effects of waterpipes are also not fully explored, in spite of their long history. The scope of the present work is to survey the open literature to map the knowledge related to the health effects of conventional cigarettes, e-cigarettes and waterpipes. The analysis of the related scientific literature was performed based on papers retrieved in large publication repositories. Based on the reviewed literature, long-term smoking has demonstrated adverse effects on the respiratory as well as the heart and circulatory systems. In addition, the correlation between cigarette smoking and some gastroenterological and neurological diseases is also increasingly evident. By the same token, though the acute effects of e-cigarette and waterpipe are well documented, the protracted effects are still to be explored. The lack of pertinent information regarding the late effects of e-cigarette and hookah does not imply that there is no health risk associated with their consumption. On the contrary, in addition to the regular antismoke measures, pulmonologists and policy makers should do everything to lower the consumption of these alternative products. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(3): 83–90.


2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 448-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guoxing Li ◽  
Jing Huang ◽  
Jinwei Wang ◽  
Minghui Zhao ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
...  

BackgroundFine particulate matter (PM2.5) is an important environmental risk factor for cardiopulmonary diseases. However, the association between PM2.5 and risk of CKD remains under-recognized, especially in regions with high levels of PM2.5, such as China.MethodsTo explore the association between long-term exposure to ambient PM2.5 and CKD prevalence in China, we used data from the China National Survey of CKD, which included a representative sample of 47,204 adults. We estimated annual exposure to PM2.5 before the survey date at each participant’s address, using a validated, satellite-based, spatiotemporal model with a 10 km×10 km resolution. Participants with eGFR <60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 or albuminuria were defined as having CKD. We used a logistic regression model to estimate the association and analyzed the influence of potential modifiers.ResultsThe 2-year mean PM2.5 concentration was 57.4 μg/m3, with a range from 31.3 to 87.5 μg/m3. An increase of 10 μg/m3 in PM2.5 was positively associated with CKD prevalence (odds ratio [OR], 1.28; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.22 to 1.35) and albuminuria (OR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.32 to 1.47). Effect modification indicated these associations were significantly stronger in urban areas compared with rural areas, in males compared with females, in participants aged <65 years compared with participants aged ≥65 years, and in participants without comorbid diseases compared with those with comorbidities.ConclusionsThese findings regarding the relationship between long-term exposure to high ambient PM2.5 levels and CKD in the general Chinese population provide important evidence for policy makers and public health practices to reduce the CKD risk posed by this pollutant.


Author(s):  
Toni Pierenkemper

AbstractContrary to the presumed perfect markets of the Efficient Market Hypothesis, the very concept of which seems logically flawed, numerous economic crises have been observed in the economic development of the last four hundred years. The following paper seeks to shed light on a specific type of crisis the speculative crisis and in particular its general pattern, from its starting point as an innovative business idea, to Boom and Crash, to exploring consequences, making use of examples from selected historical crises. This paper also seeks to demonstrate that speculations of this sort were also often associated with long term positive effects on economic growth. A complete prevention of dynamic processes of this sort, therefore, by means of comprehensive regulation, appears not only illusory, but also anti-progressive, although measures to limit the negative effects of crises as far as possible must, of course, be taken.


2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 358-365
Author(s):  
Nicholas Chadi ◽  
Ellie Vyver ◽  
Richard E Bélanger

Abstract Youth vaping presents significant risks for the health and safety of Canadian children and adolescents. This statement provides background information about vaping, vaping products, and related devices, discusses the short- and long-term harms known to be associated with their use, and offers prevention and cessation strategies for youth who vape or are at risk for starting. Youth vaping is associated with increased risk for tobacco and other substance use, mental health problems, pulmonary and cardiovascular disease, and unintentional injuries. Vaping should not be used as a smoking cessation tool for youth, due to lack of effectiveness and evidence of harm. Many preventive and treatment strategies used for tobacco cessation, including behavioural and pharmacological options, can be adapted to help youth quit vaping. Recommendations for community stakeholders and policy makers are included.


2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tony Ikechukwu Nwanji ◽  
Kerry E. Howell

This paper reviews the impact of the shareholdership and stakeholdership models in guiding managers through the most appropriate way of delivering business objectives. The shareholder model is the traditional Anglo-American system of corporate governance, which focuses on the maximisation of shareholder wealth, while the stakeholder model is considered to be exemplified by the German system of corporate governance and focuses on meeting the needs and expectations of a wider range of stakeholder groups. The results from this study indicate that a combination of both models could enable management to deliver the needs of stakeholders groups, while in the long term maximizing wealth for the shareholders


2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosanna Cole ◽  
Zahra Shirgholami

Purpose This paper argues that the closures will cause regressive rather than progressive modern slavery shifts as the necessity of survival prevails over addressing modern slavery risks within supply chains. Design/methodology/approach In the spring of 2020, global clothing retailers were advised or ordered to close physical stores due to lockdown measures of the COVID-19 pandemic and many supply chains temporarily halted production. This paper explains how pre-pandemic modern slavery advancements will be detrimentally affected as a result of societal lockdowns and apparel retail closures around the world. Findings Two consequences of lockdowns are highlighted, which will have negative implications on modern slavery progress. These are the exploitation of vulnerable people, which includes higher exploitation of those already involved in modern slavery and increased risk of exploitation for those susceptible to being drawn (back) into modern slavery and; the need for repetition of previous work completed by external stakeholders or in some cases, a better alternative. Practical implications The pandemic itself causes friction between immediate response solutions and long-term modern slavery goals. Social implications In response to modern slavery drivers, governments may need to fill governance gaps, to control the power of corporations and to reconsider migration regulation. Originality/value The COVID-19 lockdowns and subsequent supply chain disruptions were unforeseen. This paper argues that there are significant negative effects on the developments in modern slavery eradication made in the past 10 years. As businesses struggled for basic survival, the apparel manufacturing sector has been detrimentally affected as upstream labourers are now at higher risk from the increased likelihood of modern slavery violations.


2000 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mária Havrilová

After the collapse of communism, it was acknowledged that mass privatization was a priority for Eastern Europe. This paper examines why it was necessary to accelerate the process, and the various methods that were used. It focuses on the Czech system of voucher-based privatization. In the Czech experiment in transferring ownership rights is discussed a number of issues in relation to the post-privatization corporate governance. It is imperative that privatization is not perceived as an instant conversion from central planning to an idealistic model of a market economy. On the contrary, it is just the beginning of a long term, evolutionary process of institution building. Policy-makers need to realize that transition towards effective systems of governance may be jeopardized if left to market forces alone. Instead, it must be accompanied by robust regulatory measures, such as legal framework and capital and product markets.


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