scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF THE COVID 19 ON THE BET AND WIG20 INDICES. COMPARATIVE ASPECTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-95
Author(s):  
Catalin Florin Barnut
Keyword(s):  
Stock Markets ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Medical Sector ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Warsaw Stock Exchange

The aim of the paper is to assess the effects of the coronavirus pandemic (COVID – 19) on two stock market indices: BET index for Bucharest Stock Exchange and WIG20 index for Warsaw Stock Exchange. The negative effects of the pandemic have had an influence on the performance of the stock markets since its debut. Many companies as well as sectors have ceased their activity during the outbreak, causing devastating financial losses worldwide. By comparing indices evolution during 2020 using the data available on the stock markets’ websites, as well as analyzing in part the companies that make up the indices portfolio, we will try to present the sectors most affected by the pandemic as well as their evolution during the analysis period. The results of this research can be a starting point for future empirical analysis on the long-term effects of the pandemic on stock markets’ performance for Romania and Poland. The results could be a source of information for state institutions, companies, investors, analysts but also representatives of the medical sector (responsible for crisis management) - in order to observe the severity and magnitude of the negative effects of the coronavirus pandemic on the financial markets and also help develop and ensue their long-term sustainable growth.

scholarly journals The impairment of assets reporting in the COVID-19 pandemic – evidence from the Warsaw Stock Exchange

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-202
Author(s):  
Bartłomiej Lisicki
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Anova Test ◽  
Market Economic ◽  
Warsaw Stock Exchange ◽  
The Difference

Purpose: The main aim of this paper is to verify how frequently issuers from the WSE issue current reports informing about the impairment of assets. The author believes that in the first months of the Covid-19 pandemic, one of the external premises for a decrease in the value of assets began to occur, i.e., market, economic or legal changes. Methodology/approach: Content analysis of current reports was used. The analysis period was divided into two sub-periods, 2013–2018 and 2020, when it was likely there was an increase in the submission of the abovementioned reports by issuers. The results were verified using the ANOVA test. Findings: Analyzing the issuers' reports in 2020, 77 cases were found where investors were informed about the impairment of assets. The number of current reports about the im-pairment of assets is much greater than in the period 2013–2018 (163 cases). The X2 statistic allowed us to indicate the statistical significance of the difference of the cases recorded in 2020 from the average values of the previous years. Originality/value: This article discusses the issues of assets impairment during the eco-nomic downturn caused by the Covid-19 pandemic. The increased frequency of reporting write-offs allows us to conclude that entities are afraid of the long-term effects of the pan-demic. Therefore, they decide to revise the recoverable amount of assets in line with the „prudent valuation” principle.

Do researchers impact their study populations? Assessing the effect of field procedures in a long term population monitoring of sea kraits

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 365-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Fauvel ◽  
François Brischoux ◽  
Marine Jeanne Briand ◽  
Xavier Bonnet
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Stress Hormones ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Population Monitoring ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Head Morphology

Long term population monitoring is essential to ecological studies; however, field procedures may disturb individuals. Assessing this topic is important in worldwide declining taxa such as reptiles. Previous studies focussed on animal welfare issues and examined short-term effects (e.g. increase of stress hormones due to handling). Long-term effects with possible consequences at the population level remain poorly investigated. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of widely used field procedures (e.g. handling, marking, forced regurgitation) both on short-term (hormonal stress response) and on long-term (changes in body condition, survival) scales in two intensively monitored populations of sea kraits (Laticauda spp.) in New Caledonia. Focusing on the most intensively monitored sites, from 2002 to 2012, we gathered approximately 11 200 captures/recaptures on 4500 individuals. Each snake was individually marked (scale clipping + branding) and subjected to various measurements (e.g. body size, head morphology, palpation). In addition, a subsample of more than 500 snakes was forced to regurgitate their prey for dietary analyses. Handling caused a significant stress hormonal response, however we found no detrimental long-term effect on body condition. Forced regurgitation did not cause any significant effect on both body condition one year later and survival. These results suggest that the strong short-term stress provoked by field procedures did not translate into negative effects on the population. Although similar analyses are required to test the validity of our conclusions in other species, our results suggest distinguishing welfare and population issues to evaluate the potential impact of population surveys.

Low Mortality of Larval Lampreys from Electrofishing, Suction-pumping, Anesthesia, and Handling

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 640-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey C. Jolley ◽  
Christina T. Uh ◽  
Gregory S. Silver ◽  
Timothy A. Whitesel
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Pacific Lamprey ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Delayed Mortality

Abstract Native lamprey populations are declining worldwide. In the Pacific Northwest focus on conservation and management of these ecologically and culturally important species has increased. Concern has emerged regarding the effects of sampling and handling of lamprey, with little to no attention given to the larval lifestage. We monitored the survival of larval Pacific Lamprey Entosphenus tridentatus and Lampetra spp. after backpack electrofishing, deepwater electrofishing and suction-pumping, anesthesia, and handling. We performed survival trials on wild-caught lamprey (n = 15 larvae in each trial) collected from the Clackamas River drainage in Oregon, USA, coupled with control group trials from lamprey sourced from a hatchery (n = 10 larvae). Short-term (96 h) survival was >98% with only one observed mortality. Delayed mortality (1 wk) was observed for four individuals that had fungus; two of those were positive for the bacteria Aeromonas hyrdrophila. We recorded blood hematocrit as a secondary measure of stress. The baseline, nonstressed larvae hematocrit levels did not differ from those of fish that had undergone stress through electrofishing, suction-pumping, and handling without anesthesia. Electrofishing, suction-pumping, and anesthesia showed no short-term negative effects on larval lamprey although potential long-term effects remain unstudied. These techniques appear to provide efficient and relatively safe methods for collecting and surveying larval lamprey.

scholarly journals Long Term Risks to Neonatal Health from Exposure to War—9 Years Long Survey of Reproductive Health and Contamination by Weapon-Delivered Heavy Metals in Gaza, Palestine

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 2538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Manduca ◽  
Nabil Al Baraquni ◽  
Stefano Parodi
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Birth Defects ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases

Introduction: High levels of environmental contaminants with long term effects and teratogenic and carcinogenic potential, such as heavy metals, were introduced by weaponry in war areas in the last decades. Poorer reproductive health and increases in non-communicable diseases were reported after wars and are the suspected long term effects of contamination by stable war remnants. Although potentially affecting millions of people, this is still an understudied issue of public health. Background: Gaza, Palestine since 2006 has been an object of repeated severe military attacks that left heavy metals remnants in the environment, in wound tissues and that were assumed by the population. Retrospective studies showed a progressive increase in birth defects since the 2006 attacks. In 2011 we started surveillance at birth alongside analysis of the heavy metals load carried by pregnant women and their babies. Methods: We used protocols for birth registration which also document the extent of exposures to attacks, war remnants and to other environmental risks that allow comparison of 3 data sets—2011, 2016 and 2018–2019 (4000–6000 women in each set). By ICP/MS analysis we determined the content of 23 metals in mothers’ hair. Appropriate statistical analysis was performed. Results: Comparison of data in birth registers showed a major increase in the prevalence in birth defects and preterm babies between 2011 and 2016, respectively from 1.1 to 1.8% and from 1.1 to 7.9%, values remaining stable in 2019. Negative outcomes at birth in 2016 up to 2019 were associated with exposure of the mothers to the attacks in 2014 and/or to hot spots of heavy metals contamination. Metal loads since the attacks in 2014 were consistently high until 2018–2019 for barium, arsenic, cobalt, cadmium, chrome, vanadium and uranium, pointing to these metals as potential inducers for the increased prevalence of negative health outcomes at birth since 2016. Conclusions: Bodily accumulation of metals following exposure whilst residing in attacked buildings predispose women to negative birth outcomes. We do not know if the metals act in synergy. Trial for mitigation of the documented negative effects of high metal load on reproductive health, and ensuing perinatal deaths, could now be done in Gaza, based on this documentary record. High load of heavy metals may explain recent increases in non-communicable diseases and cancers at all ages in Gaza. Modern war’s legacy of diseases and deaths extends in time to populations and demands monitoring.

scholarly journals Long-Term Effects of Expiration of Derivatives on Indian Spot Volatility

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunita Narang ◽  
Madhu Vij
Keyword(s):  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Volume Effect ◽  
Indian Market ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Daily Data ◽  
Asymmetric Garch ◽  
Regression Techniques ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Spot Volatility

This paper examines the impact of expiration of derivatives on spot volatility of Indian capital market. The review of the literature shows that the previous Indian studies have covered a period of only 4–6 years after the introduction of derivative trading in India in 2000. They are unanimous about volume effect but not about return and volatility effect. This paper uses regression techniques and one symmetric and three asymmetric GARCH models, namely, TGARCH, EGARCH, and PGARCH, to evaluate the impact. It uses daily data on popular index S&P CNX Nifty of National Stock Exchange of India, during a period of more than a decade from June 12, 2000 to January 10, 2012. Findings of the study show that spot returns, volume, and volatility are high on expiration day and they build up further on the day after expiry which shows that the Indian market is weakly efficient. The expiration effect is mainly due to concentration of volumes in near-month contracts and absence of physical settlement.

scholarly journals A Framework to Advance the Understanding of the Ecological Effects of Extreme Climate Events

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (21) ◽  
pp. 5954 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Sanz-Lazaro
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Extreme Events ◽  
Ecological Effects ◽  
Rocky Shores ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Experimental Approaches ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
Climate Events

Climate change is modifying disturbance regimes, affecting the severity and occurrence of extreme events. Current experiments investigating extreme events have a large diversity of experimental approaches and key aspects such as the interaction with other disturbances, the timing, and long-term effects are not usually incorporated in a standardized way. This lack of comparability among studies limits advances in this field of research. This study presents a framework that is comprised of two experimental approaches designed to test expected changes on disturbance regime due to climate change. These approaches test the effects of disturbances becoming more clustered and more extreme. They use common descriptor variables regardless of the type of disturbance and ecosystem. This framework is completed with a compilation of procedures that increase the realism of experiments in the aforementioned key aspects. The proposed framework favours comparability among studies and increases our understanding of extreme events. Examples to implement this framework are given using rocky shores as a case study. Far from being perfect, the purpose of this framework is to act as a starting point that triggers the comparability and refinement of these types of experiments needed to advance our understanding of the ecological effects of extreme events.

WHAT IF PAUL HAD TRAVELLED EAST RATHER THAN WEST?

2000 ◽  
Vol 8 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 171-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Bauckham
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
First Century ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Trade Routes ◽  
Early Christian ◽  
Christian Communities ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Geographical Scope ◽  
North And South

AbstractFor first-century Jews the eastern disapora was at least as important as the western. When Paul returned from Arabia (Nabatea) to Damascus, his intention was to travel east from Damascus to Mesopotamia, where the synagogue communities, descendants of the original exiles of both northern and southern tribes of Israel, would have been his starting point for mission to the Gentiles of the area. But when he escaped arrest by the Nabatean ethnarc, Nabatean control of the trade routes south and east of Damascus left him no choice but to travel to Jerusalem, where he re-thought the geographical scope of his mission. Had Paul travelled east, the Christian communities of both north and south Mesopotamia might have flourished already in the first century and Paul's writings might have had more influence on Syriac theology. Considering how Christianity in the Roman Empire would have developed without Paul entails rejecting such exaggerated views of Paul's significance as that Paul invented Christianity or that without Paul Christianity would have remained a Jewish sect. The Gentile mission began without Paul and took place in areas, such as Rome and Egypt, which were not evangelized by Paul. Without Paul much would have been different about the way the early Christian movement would have spread across the Roman Empire, but it would still have spread, with much the same long-term effects.

scholarly journals Mit tudunk az e-cigaretta káros hatásairól?

2019 ◽  
Vol 160 (45) ◽  
pp. 1767-1773
Author(s):  
László Béla Nagy
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
New Public Health ◽  
New Public

Abstract: Electronic cigarettes are becoming increasingly popular with smokers worldwide. This has created an entirely new public health dilemma. The central issue in the debate is the disease risk imposed by e-cigarettes. It is generally acknowledged that e-cigarettes are unlikely to be as harmful as conventional cigarettes, but there are little data that quantify their relative harms. Experiments in cell cultures and animal studies show that e-cigarettes can have multiple negative effects. Scientific evidence regarding their human acute health effects is limited. The long term effects in humans are unknown, and there is no evidence that e-cigarettes are safer than tobacco in the long term. This review higlights the recent data regarding e-cigarettes toxicity impact on lung and cardiovascular system. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(45): 1767–1773.

scholarly journals Prediction of Net Profit Growth of Pharmacy Companies on the Indonesian Stock Exchange

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhani Ichsanuddin Nur
Keyword(s):  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Funding Source ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Applied Model ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Net Profit ◽  
Auto Regressive

Background: The research purpose to analyzing impacts of funding source changes on pharmacy company profits that went public on Indonesian Stock Exchange, with analysis period of 2008 to 2013. Methods: The research applied analysis means in line with requirements of change variable measurements of funding sources in its interconnectedness with company profits; the applied model was Auto-regressive. Results: The research results indicated that changes of the last one-period short term debts had negative effects insignificantly on company profits, the last two-period short term debts had positive effects significantly on company profits, changes of the last one-period and two-period long term debts had negative effects insignificantly on company profits, equity changes of the last period had positive effects significantly on company profits, the last period profit changes had negative effects significantly on company profits. Conclusion: Last one-period short term, last one-period long term, last two-period long term debt changes, and last period profit have negative insignificant effect on company profit. Last two-period short term debt changes, last one-period equity changes, and last two-period equity changes have positive significant effect on company profit.

scholarly journals Infants of Mothers with Cocaine Use: Review of Clinical and Medico-Legal Aspects

Children ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Clara Cestonaro ◽  
Lorenzo Menozzi ◽  
Claudio Terranova
Keyword(s):  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Cocaine Exposure ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Cocaine Use ◽  
Current State ◽  
Abuse During Pregnancy ◽  
Specific Amount

Illicit drug use is a global problem that also affects pregnant women. Substance use and alcohol abuse during pregnancy may have various harmful consequences for both mothers and foetuses. Intrauterine exposure to illicit substances can be investigated through maternal reports and toxicological tests on mothers’ and/or newborns’ samples. While the negative effects of alcohol and opioid use on pregnancy, the foetus, and/or newborn are well established, the effects of cocaine use remain controversial. We performed a review of the literature to evaluate the current state of knowledge of the effects of intrauterine cocaine exposure on newborns’ and children’s long-term development and to highlight possible implications for health professionals dealing with women who use cocaine during pregnancy. Although intrauterine cocaine exposure has been associated with reduced infant measurements, no specific amount of cocaine use exerting such effects has been determined, and no long-term effects have been confirmed. The evidence of cocaine use during pregnancy justifies a clinical and social takeover of the mother and newborn without assuming that there will certainly be long-term damage related to intrauterine cocaine exposure, but also considering other possible associated factors.

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