Topographical Characteristics of Lower Barakar Basin: A Geospatial Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-19
Author(s):  
Surbhi Sinha ◽  
◽  
Vinay Kumar Rai ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Stream Flow ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Srtm Dem ◽  
Vegetation Growth ◽  
Evolution And Development ◽  
Topographic Attributes ◽  
Basin Area ◽  
Mapping Purpose

The evolution and development of a drainage network largely depends upon the surface topography of a landscape. Even topographic attributes such as overland flow, sub-surface flow, stream flow etc. are highly determined by the relief and slope aspects of the basin area. Topography influences evolution of landforms, soil development, vegetation growth, types of settlement, agricultural pattern etc. So it becomes very important to quantify different topographical parameters so that proper watershed management can be done. This work is an attempt to evaluate existing topography of study area using topographical sheets and SRTM DEM data. For calculation and analysis of data MS Excel is used while Geographical Information System (GIS) is used for mapping purpose. Present work provides better understanding of surface and relief aspects of landforms in Lower Barakar basin.

scholarly journals Hydrological landscape classification: investigating the performance of HAND based landscape classifications in a central European meso-scale catchment

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 3275-3291 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Gharari ◽  
M. Hrachowitz ◽  
F. Fenicia ◽  
H. H. G. Savenije
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Models ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Landscape Classification ◽  
Surface Slope ◽  
Central European ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
Meso Scale ◽  
Hydrological Regimes

Abstract. This paper presents a detailed performance and sensitivity analysis of a recently developed hydrological landscape classification method based on dominant runoff mechanisms. Three landscape classes are distinguished: wetland, hillslope and plateau, corresponding to three dominant hydrological regimes: saturation excess overland flow, storage excess sub-surface flow, and deep percolation. Topography, geology and land use hold the key to identifying these landscapes. The height above the nearest drainage (HAND) and the surface slope, which can be easily obtained from a digital elevation model, appear to be the dominant topographical controls for hydrological classification. In this paper several indicators for classification are tested as well as their sensitivity to scale and resolution of observed points (sample size). The best results are obtained by the simple use of HAND and slope. The results obtained compared well with the topographical wetness index. The HAND based landscape classification appears to be an efficient method to ''read the landscape'' on the basis of which conceptual models can be developed.

scholarly journals Granulometric characterization of sediments transported by surface runoff generated by moving storms

2008 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 999-1011 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. M. P. de Lima ◽  
C. S. Souza ◽  
V. P. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Constant Speed ◽  
Stream Power ◽  
Sediment Grain Size ◽  
Rain Simulator

Abstract. Due to the combined effect of wind and rain, the importance of storm movement to surface flow has long been recognized, at scales ranging from headwater scales to large basins. This study presents the results of laboratory experiments designed to investigate the influence of moving rainfall storms on the dynamics of sediment transport by surface runoff. Experiments were carried out, using a rain simulator and a soil flume. The movement of rainfall was generated by moving the rain simulator at a constant speed in the upstream and downstream directions along the flume. The main objective of the study was to characterize, in laboratory conditions, the distribution of sediment grain-size transported by rainfall-induced overland flow and its temporal evolution. Grain-size distribution of the eroded material is governed by the capacity of flow that transports sediments. Granulometric curves were constructed using conventional hand sieving and a laser diffraction particle size analyser (material below 0.250 mm) for overland flow and sediment deliveries collected at the flume outlet. Surface slope was set at 2%, 7% and 14%. Rainstorms were moved with a constant speed, upslope and downslope, along the flume or were kept static. The results of laboratory experiments show that storm movement, affecting the spatial and temporal distribution of rainfall, has a marked influence on the grain-size characteristics of sediments transported by overland flow. The downstream-moving rainfall storms have higher stream power than do other storm types.

scholarly journals Land classification based on hydrological landscape units

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 4381-4425
Author(s):  
S. Gharari ◽  
F. Fenicia ◽  
M. Hrachowitz ◽  
H. H. G. Savenije
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Models ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Landscape Classification ◽  
Surface Slope ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
New Type ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
Landscape Units

Abstract. This paper presents a new type of hydrological landscape classification based on dominant runoff mechanisms. Three landscape classes are distinguished: wetland, hillslope and plateau, corresponding to three dominant hydrological regimes: saturation excess overland flow, storage excess sub-surface flow, and deep percolation. Topography, geology and land use hold the key to identifying these landscapes. The height above the nearest drain (HAND) and the surface slope, which can be readily obtained from a digital elevation model, appear to be the dominant topographical parameters for hydrological classification. In this paper several indicators for classification are tested as well as their sensitivity to scale and sample size. It appears that the best results are obtained by the simple use of HAND and slope. The results obtained compare well with field observations and the topographical wetness index. The new approach appears to be an efficient method to "read the landscape" on the basis of which conceptual models can be developed.

Computation of Watershed Parameters of Kansa Watershed in Satara Using Remote Sensing and GIS

Agropedology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Bowlekar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Form Factor ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Flash Flood ◽  
Drainage Density ◽  
Morphometric Parameters ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Elongation Ratio ◽  
Stream Length ◽  
Order Stream

In present study Kansa watershed in Satara district of Maharashtra was characterized for watershed parameters. Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and a high-resolution Digital Elevation Model (DEM) has been utilized for the estimation of morphological parameters. Several morphometric parameters have been computed and analyzed viz. linear aspects such as stream order, stream number, stream length, mean stream length, stream length ratio; areal aspects such as drainage density, stream frequency, drainage texture, elongation ratio, circularity ratio, form factor, constant of channel maintenance; relief aspects such as relief, relief ratio, relative relief, ruggedness number, length of overland flow. Impacts of morphometric parameters on flash flood characteristics have also been investigated. The presence of the maximum number of the first order segments shows that the basin is subjected to erosion and also that some areas of the basin are characterized by variations in lithology and topography. The form factor is 0.21, and the circulatory ratio is 0.42, which suggests an elongated type of catchment. Elongation ratio is 0.52, which indicates that watershed has high relief and steep slope. The estimated catchment characteristics may be useful to stimulate hydrological responses of the catchment.

scholarly journals Urban Flood Event and Associated Damage in the Benue Valley, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Temi Ologunorisa ◽  
Obioma Ogbuokiri ◽  
Adebayo Oluwole Eludoyin
Keyword(s):  
Flood Control ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Standardized Precipitation Index ◽  
Flood Damage ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Flood Event ◽  
Discharge Data ◽  
Precipitation Concentration Index ◽  
Infiltration Excess ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Flooding events in the Lower Benue valley of Nigeria are often associated with huge damage to properties and loss of life in the adjoining communities. Specific objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of 2017 flood event as typical of the study area. Method used was an integrated environmental approach that combines analysis of rainfall and discharge data with social surveys, remote sensing and geographical information system. Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), Precipitation Concentration Index (PCI) as well as flood damage curves were analysed with landuse/cover change and soil data to establish the nature of the flood and its impacts. Result showed that the flood in the study area is essentially saturation overland flow, which is more associated with saturation-excess than infiltration excess flow, and that the flood events are recurrent and predictable. 85% of the affected residents are however poor, earning an equivalent of US $4.3 daily, and live in non-reinforced concrete masonry (64%) and wooden buildings (24%). Many of the affected communities lived within flood plain and most buildings were structurally deficient. Victims received no compensation, and the properties were generally uninsured. The study recommends extensive flood control policy for the area and similar flood-prone communities.

scholarly journals Model Sophistication in Relation to Scales in Snowmelt Runoff Modeling

2000 ◽  
Vol 31 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 267-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Bengtsson ◽  
Vijay P. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Stream Flow ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Snowmelt Runoff ◽  
Degree Day ◽  
Groundwater Origin ◽  
Runoff Modeling ◽  
Snow Model ◽  
Runoff Model

Snowmelt induced runoff from river basins is usually successfully simulated using a simple degree-day approach and conceptual rainfall-runoff models. Fluctuations within the day can not be described by such crude approaches. In the present paper, it is investigated which degree of sophistication is required in snow models and runoff models to resolve the basin runoff from basins of different character, and also how snow models and runoff models must adapt to each other. Models of different degree of sophistication are tested on basins ranging from 6,000 km2 down to less than 1 km2. It is found that for large basins it is sufficient to use a very simple runoff module and a degree day approach, but that the snow model has to be distributed related to land cover and topography. Also for small forested basins, where most of the stream flow is of groundwater origin, the degree-day method combined with a conceptual runoff model reproduces the snowmelt induced runoff well. Where overland flow takes place, a high resolution snow model is required for resolving the runoff fluctuations at the basin outlet.

scholarly journals Fluorescent particle tracers for surface flow measurements: a proof of concept in a semi-natural hillslope

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 4465-4503
Author(s):  
F. Tauro ◽  
S. Grimaldi ◽  
A. Petroselli ◽  
M. C. Rulli ◽  
M. Porfiri
Keyword(s):  
Overland Flow ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Flow Measurements ◽  
Fluorescent Particle ◽  
Average Flow Velocity ◽  
Experimental Apparatus ◽  
Experimental Findings ◽  
Natural Settings ◽  
Rhodamine Dye

Abstract. In this paper, a proof of concept experiment is conducted to assess the feasibility of tracing overland flow on a semi-natural hillslope plot via a novel fluorescent particle tracer. Runoff on the experimental plot is artificially simulated by using a custom-built rainfall system. Experiments are performed by using beads of diameters ranging from 75 to 1180 μm that are sensed through an experimental apparatus comprising a light source and a video acquisition unit. Particles' transit is detected through an unsupervised methodology based on image analysis techniques and compared to results from supervised visual inspection. Average flow velocity estimations are obtained from travel time measurements of the particles as they are dragged by the overland flow on the hillslope. Velocities are compared to flow measurements obtained using rhodamine dye. Experimental findings demonstrate the potential of the methodology for understanding overland flow dynamics in complex natural settings. In addition, considerations for optimizing the particle size are presented based on the visibility of the beads and their accuracy in flow tracing.

scholarly journals Scenario-based inundation analysis of metro systems: a case study in Shanghai

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai-Min Lyu ◽  
Shui-Long Shen ◽  
Jun Yang ◽  
Zhen-Yu Yin
Keyword(s):  
Overland Flow ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Urban Centre ◽  
Metro Station ◽  
Storm Water Management Model ◽  
Inundation Depth ◽  
Inundation Extent ◽  
Metro Systems

Abstract. Catastrophic urban floods result in severe inundation of underground facilities in recent years. This paper presents an integrated approach in which an algorithm is proposed to integrate the storm water management model (SWMM) into the geographical information system (GIS) to evaluate the inundation risk. The proposed algorithm simulates the flood inundation of overland flow and metro station for each schemed scenario. It involves i) determination of the grid location and spreading coefficient and ii) iterative calculation of the spreading process. Furthermore, to evaluate the potential inundation risks of metro systems, an equation to qualitatively calculate the inundation depth around a metro station is proposed. This equation considered the drainage capacity and characteristics of each metro station. The proposed method is applied to simulate the inundation risks of the metro system in the urban centre of Shanghai under 50-year, 100-year, and 500-year scenarios. Both the inundation extent and depth are derived. The proposed method is validated by verifying from the records of historical floods. The results demonstrate that in case of the 500-year-rainfall scenario, for an inundation depth of over 300 mm, the inundated area is up to 5.16 km2, which is 4.3 % of the studied area and that there are four metro stations inundated to a depth of over 300 mm.

scholarly journals Pollutant sources investigation and remedial strategies development for the Kaoping River Basin, Taiwan

2003 ◽  
Vol 48 (7) ◽  
pp. 97-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.M. Kao ◽  
F.C. Wu ◽  
K.F. Chen ◽  
T.F. Lin ◽  
Y.E. Yen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Pollutant Sources ◽  
Remedial Strategies

The Kaoping River Basin, located in southern Taiwan, flows through approximately 171 km and drains towards the South Taiwan Strait. It is the largest and the most intensively used river basin in Taiwan. Based on the results from the pollutant sources investigation and water quality analysis, the main water pollution sources of the Kaoping River were livestock wastewater from hog farms, municipal wastewater, industrial wastewater, leachate from riverbank landfills, and non-point source (NPS) pollutants from agricultural areas in the upper catchment. Concern about the deteriorating condition of the river led the Government of Taiwan to amend the relevant legislation and strengthen the enforcement of the discharge regulations to effectively manage the river and control the pollution. The following remedial strategies have been taken to improve the river water quality since 2001: (1) hog ban in the upper catchment of the Kaoping River Basin, thus, 510 thousand hogs have been removed/relocated; (2) removal of riverbank landfills; (3) enforcement of the industrial wastewater discharge standards; (4) sewer system construction in five cities along the river corridor; (5) application of best management practices for NPS pollutant control; (6) application of natural wastewater treatment systems (e.g. land treatment, constructed wetland, overland flow, riverbank sedimentation/aeration pond) for domestic wastewater treatment in rural areas; and (7) construction of the watershed geographical information system (GIS) and real time water quality monitoring system to effectively monitor and manage the watershed. Recent water quality investigation results indicate that the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and nutrient loadings to the Kaoping River have been significantly reduced and the water quality has been improved after the implementation of the remedial strategies described above. Results and experience obtained from this study will be helpful in designing the watershed management strategies for other similar river basins.

Lattice Boltzmann simulation of wind-driven rainfall on a slope surface

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (01) ◽  
pp. 2050016
Author(s):  
Yu Ding ◽  
Haifei Liu
Keyword(s):  
Lattice Boltzmann ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Flow Simulation ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Water Model ◽  
Wind Condition ◽  
Slope Gradient ◽  
Lattice Boltzmann Simulation ◽  
Boltzmann Method ◽  
The Mathematical Model

In overland flow modeling, the influences of the slope degree, rain intensity and wind condition can be significant. In this study, the effects of the slope gradient and wind-driven rain were integrated in a nonlinear shallow water model based on the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM). Since slope gradient and wind condition can not only affect the flow rate, but also its momentum, we enhanced the mathematical model and derived two LBM schemes that include their hydrodynamic influence on the surface flow. Then, this model was verified by several typical cases. The results indicated that the momentum component of rainfall should be considered during the overland flow simulation influenced by wind, otherwise it would result in an intrinsic error of approximately [Formula: see text] in simulated results.

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