scholarly journals Temporal references in pain narratives: The cognitive perspective

Porta Lingua ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 135-146
Author(s):  
Monika Gyuró
Keyword(s):  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Cognitive Representation ◽  
Event Space ◽  
Cognitive Perspective ◽  
Pain Experience ◽  
Narrative Space ◽  
Intermediate Space ◽  
The Past ◽  
Linguistic Model ◽  
Representation Of Time

The present study investigates how pain experience affects the cognitive representation of time and viewpoint in a particular genre and narrative. In patients’ reports, temporality of pain experience does not follow the objectively measurable time. The ongoing character of pain contains not only the present issues but also retains the preceding aspects of the here-and-now moment and anticipates the future notes as time unfolds. To describe this particular experience, I employ the cognitive -linguistic model of mental spaces and blending (Fauconnier – Turner, 2002). I analyze blog posts of patients with chronic diseases on the use of temporal deixis and tense focusing on the shifts realized between the Narrative Space embedding the Event Space in which the past events occurred and the Here-and-Now Space which comprises the narrator’s viewpoint as an Origo. Moreover, I presuppose the Intermediate Space between the Event Space and the Reality Space, providing a transition between the aforementioned spaces and legitimization of the reconstruction of the events (Van Krieken et al., 2016). Temporal overlapping proves that subjective experience steers tenses and temporal deixis which govern the construal of viewpoint and time in the narratives; therefore, time and viewpoint are immediately connected in the cognitive representation of the narratives.

scholarly journals Smoothly moving through Mental Spaces: Linguistic patterns of viewpoint transfer in news narratives

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 499-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kobie van Krieken ◽  
José Sanders
Keyword(s):  
Narrative Discourse ◽  
Corpus Study ◽  
Narrative Space ◽  
Linguistic Markers ◽  
Intermediate Space ◽  
The Past ◽  
Linguistic Patterns ◽  
Crime News ◽  
Mental Spaces ◽  
Linguistic Structures

AbstractThis article presents a Mental Space model for analyzing linguistic patterns in news narratives. The model was applied in a corpus study categorizing various linguistic markers of viewpoint transfers between the mental spaces that readers must conceptualize while processing news narratives: a Reality Space representing the journalist and reader’s projected here-and-now viewpoint; a News Narrative Space representing the newsworthy events from a there-and-then viewpoint; and an Intermediate Space representing the information of the news actors provided from a temporal viewpoint in-between the newsworthy events and the present. Viewpoint transfers and their markers were examined in a corpus of 100 Dutch crime news narratives published over a period of fifty years. The results reveal clear patterns, which indicate that both linguistic structures and narrative-based as well as genre-based inferences play a role in the processing of news narratives. The results furthermore clarify how these narratives have been gradually crystallizing into a genre over the past decades. These findings elucidate the complex yet fluent process of conceptually moving between mental spaces, thus advancing our understanding of the relation between the linguistic and the cognitive representation of narrative discourse.

scholarly journals Traveling through narrative time: How tense and temporal deixis guide the representation of time and viewpoint in news narratives

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Sanders ◽  
Kobie van Krieken
Keyword(s):  
Past Tense ◽  
Cognitive Representation ◽  
Intermediate Space ◽  
Dynamic Representation ◽  
News Discourse ◽  
The Future ◽  
Narrative Time ◽  
Present Tense ◽  
And Shifts ◽  
Representation Of Time

AbstractThis study examines the linguistic construal and cognitive representation of time and viewpoint in the genre of news narratives. We present a model of mental spaces that involves a News Space in which the deictic center is construed of the news actors at the time the newsworthy events took place, and a Reality Space in which the deictic here-and-now center of journalist and reader is construed. This model explains how the dynamic representation of narrative news discourse, characterized by shifts in time and viewpoint, is steered by linguistic devices. An analysis of Dutch news narratives shows that temporal adverbs such as yesterday and shifts from present tense to past tense may signal a move forward in narrative time, to a viewpoint in the future relative to the narrative now-point, rather than backward. These atypical time shifts can be accounted for by presupposing an Intermediate Space located at a point in time between the News Space and the Reality Space where the progression of narrative time comes to a halt and experiences are rather relived than reported. The salience of the Intermediate Space may be signaled by quotative conditionals reflecting the viewpoints of implicitly quoted sources. These results clarify how tense and temporal deixis steer the linguistic construal of time and viewpoint in news narratives, demonstrating that time and viewpoint are closely linked in the cognitive representation of these narratives.

How do Past, Present and Future Weigh into Trajectories of Precarity? The Time Perspectives of Young Psychoactive Substance Users Living in Situations of Social Precarity in Montreal

2021 ◽  
pp. 104973232110516
Author(s):  
Vincent Wagner ◽  
Jorge Flores-Aranda ◽  
Ana Cecilia Villela Guilhon ◽  
Shane Knight ◽  
Karine Bertrand
Keyword(s):  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Time Perspective ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Psychoactive Substance ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Substance Users ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
The Past ◽  
Occupational Integration ◽  
Experience Of Time

Young psychoactive substance users in social precarity are vulnerable to a range of health and social issues. Time perspective is one aspect to consider in supporting change. This study draws on the views expressed by young adults to portray their subjective experience of time, how this perception evolves and its implications for their substance use and socio-occupational integration trajectories. The sample includes 23 young psychoactive substance users ( M = 24.65 years old; 83% male) in social precarity frequenting a community-based harm reduction centre. Thematic analysis of the interviews reveals the past to be synonymous with disappointment and disillusionment, but also a constructive force. Participants expressed their present-day material and human needs as well as their need for recognition and a sense of control over their own destiny. Their limited ability to project into the future was also discussed. Avenues on how support to this population might be adapted are suggested.

scholarly journals Reflexive Dressing: Rethinking Retro

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stella North
Keyword(s):  
Subjective Experience ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Past ◽  
Present Experience ◽  
The Moment

This article undertakes a philosophical exploration of the act we know, or think we know, as ‘dressing’. Inhabiting, in thought, the moment in which we dress, I examine some of its constituent mechanisms, attending to the impulses by which dressing is generated out of subjective experience.  When those impulses are temporally marked, as they are in the case of retro dress, this generation is a two-pronged process, in which the holding of the body in time, and the holding of time in the body, recalibrate one another. The process of ‘dressing,’ in this understanding, has a reflexivity which is double; it entails the turning of the body, with dress as medium, towards itself, and the turning of present experience towards some felt notion of the past. Reflexively dressing, we are always becoming ourselves, and becoming other than ourselves, at once; a movement of circuitous internalisation and externalisation by which the ambiguation inherent in material experience is realised.  

scholarly journals THE PECULIARITIES OF REPRESENTATION OF TIME ANS SPACE MODEL IN THE COLLECTION OF STORIES «WESSEX TALES» BY T.HARDY

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (10(78)) ◽  
pp. 167-170
Author(s):  
Olena Rosstalna
Keyword(s):  
Contextual Analysis ◽  
Community Life ◽  
Moral Choice ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Space Model ◽  
The Past ◽  
Space Organization ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Local Image ◽  
Representation Of Time

The article analyzes the peculiarities of the representation of time and space model in the collection of short stories «Wessex Tales» by the English writer T.Hardy. Based on a contextual analysis of T. Hardy’s stories, time and space model was singled out as the dominant meaning for the creation of «Wessex Tales». It is proved that the category of time in «Wessex Tales» is a component of the composition of works (in some stories the principle of framing is used). Its functioning in the collection occurs in the form of a two-component model, the elements of which are past and present. It is determined that the specific presentation of the past is a combination of «collective» and «individual» time. While presenting individual facts in the lives of specific heroes in the form of «individual» time, the author introduces them into the context of events of community life in the form of «collective» time. Each individual character’s story thus becomes a part of panoramic depiction of Wessex world, while maintaining a connection with real historical events. «Quasi-historicity» is defined as one of the characteristic features of time. The interaction of temporal levels has also been investigated at the level of conflicts and problems in the writer’s stories and novels (the problem of responsibility for actions, the problem of moral choice, etc.). The peculiarity of space organization in the collection of stories is determined by multilevel (panoramic – local image; realistic – mythopoeticized sketches of the metaphorical plan; the existence of two subspaces in the mythologized model of the world) and multivariate. The article analyzes the closed and open, terrestrial and cosmic, real and imaginary spaces that are realized in the system of images (city, town, house, road, etc.).

scholarly journals The Unavoidable Metaphor of Memorial Architecture: The Boundaries and Event-Space of Chernobyl Reactor No. 4

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Christopher Ian van der Veen
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Functional Capacity ◽  
Event Space ◽  
The Past ◽  
External Influences ◽  
Built Form ◽  
Actual Event ◽  
Chernobyl Reactor

<p>In the design of memorial architecture, there is encountered an overuse of literal metaphor in order to translate difficult concepts into the built form. These metaphors are explored in contemporary examples of memorial and hybrid-memorial typologies. Within Chernobyl, there is a set of criteria that enable these metaphorical interpretations to operate on a more complex level, and allow the act of memorialising a truer response. The unique conditions contained within the reactor allow for a reinterpretation of architectural process, which is already realised by the existing Sarcophagus - a reactive memorial itself, designed to entomb the burnt core and its radioactive properties. As such, the reactor and its attached site can no longer be re-used in any functional capacity; the proposed memorial embraces these criteria, exploiting phenomenological thought in order to locate a set of boundary conditions. This creates an event-space -  that being the location of inhabitable architecture within the reactor. Event-space exists between the boundaries established, which is a conceptual entity that is able exist in reality, and enable flashes of the past events to surface, which are interpreted by the memorial inhabitants. The memorial uses this event-space, within the sites absence of function, to locate the actual event of the disaster in the past. This fragile undertaking is achieved by placing greater responsibility on architecture to mediate the design of memorial, and remove external influences that halt this process.</p>

(Pseudo-)Anglicisms as Nominal Compounds in Italian

2020 ◽  
pp. 86-110
Author(s):  
Silvia Cacchiani
Keyword(s):  
Second Generation ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Cognitive Perspective ◽  
Reinforcing Effect ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Press ◽  
Nominal Compounds ◽  
N Compounds

The frequency of (pseudo-)Anglicisms in Italian has steadily increased in the past decades. In Italian, N+N compounds are rare and generally left-headed. Taking a broadly functional-cognitive perspective on the outcomes of contact with English right-headed word formation, the analysis discusses Italian classifying and identifying compounds primarily mediated through the press or coined for use as names and trademarks. The data suggest that English foreign compounding only ever has a reinforcing effect on word formation patterns that are already available to Italian. For example, favouring the spread from learned to non-learned word formation in second-generation neoclassical compounds. Additionally, while the pressure to adapt borrowed compounds from English leads to reductions to simplexes or loan translations, other compounds retain the English order of components. Thus we also find right-headed hybrid analogues and constructs with cognate bases that are formed in Italian by analogy with Anglicisms.

Understanding retrospection: Blended joint attention and the multimodal construction of film flashbacks

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Gordejuela
Keyword(s):  
Joint Attention ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Ordinary People ◽  
Cognitive Perspective ◽  
Time Compression ◽  
Relevant Question ◽  
The Past ◽  
Multimodal Discourse ◽  
Multimodal Cues ◽  
Film Discourse

The analysis of film discourse from a multimodal and cognitive perspective has shown in recent years that such an approach to the study of cinema is a very fruitful one. Among the various cinematic techniques that may be analysed as pieces of multimodal discourse, the flashback seems to be particularly appealing because, while being very rich and versatile, it is also a fixed device and common enough in film as to be studied in a systematic way. Given those characteristics – formal variety alongside stability – a relevant question would be: how do spectators make sense of film retrospections? To address this question, this paper suggests an examination of the multimodal cues offered by flashbacks in three different films – Ordinary People (1980), Big Fish (2003) and The Help (2011) – and analyses the cognitive processes that those cues activate and which make the comprehension of the flashback possible. What lies at the basis of the flashback scenes proposed is a joint-attention triangle formed by the viewer and the camera, who look together, first at the character in the present and then at the events taking place in the past. Ultimately, such scenes can only be understood in terms of blended joint attention, and they also reveal the importance of other cognitive processes at work, namely time compression, viewpoint integration, and identity and analogy connections.

scholarly journals From foraging to autonoetic consciousness: The primal self as a consequence of embodied prospective foraging

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 368-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas T. Hills ◽  
Stephen Butterfill
Keyword(s):  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Cognitive Representation ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Selective Force ◽  
Cognitive Representations ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ecological Literature ◽  
Resource Distributions ◽  
Autonoetic Consciousness

Abstract The capacity to adapt to resource distributions by modulating the frequency of exploratory and exploitative behaviors is common across metazoans and is arguably a principal selective force in the evolution of cognition. Here we (1) review recent work investigating behavioral and biological commonalities between external foraging in space and internal foraging over environments specified by cognitive representations, and (2) explore the implications of these commonalities for understanding the origins of the self. Behavioural commonalities include the capacity for what is known as area-restricted search in the ecological literature: this is search focussed around locations where resources have been found in the past, but moving away from locations where few resources are found, and capable of producing movement patterns mimicking Lévy flights. Area-restricted search shares a neural basis across metazoans, and these biological commonalities in vertebrates suggest an evolutionary homology between external and internal foraging. Internal foraging, and in particular a form we call embodied prospective foraging, makes available additional capacities for prediction based on search through a cognitive representation of the external environment, and allows predictions about outcomes of possible future actions. We demonstrate that cognitive systems that use embodied prospective foraging require a primitive sense of self, needed to distinguish actual from simulated action. This relationship has implications for understanding the evolution of autonoetic consciousness and self-awareness.

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