Understanding retrospection: Blended joint attention and the multimodal construction of film flashbacks

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Gordejuela
Keyword(s):  
Joint Attention ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Ordinary People ◽  
Cognitive Perspective ◽  
Time Compression ◽  
Relevant Question ◽  
The Past ◽  
Multimodal Discourse ◽  
Multimodal Cues ◽  
Film Discourse

The analysis of film discourse from a multimodal and cognitive perspective has shown in recent years that such an approach to the study of cinema is a very fruitful one. Among the various cinematic techniques that may be analysed as pieces of multimodal discourse, the flashback seems to be particularly appealing because, while being very rich and versatile, it is also a fixed device and common enough in film as to be studied in a systematic way. Given those characteristics – formal variety alongside stability – a relevant question would be: how do spectators make sense of film retrospections? To address this question, this paper suggests an examination of the multimodal cues offered by flashbacks in three different films – Ordinary People (1980), Big Fish (2003) and The Help (2011) – and analyses the cognitive processes that those cues activate and which make the comprehension of the flashback possible. What lies at the basis of the flashback scenes proposed is a joint-attention triangle formed by the viewer and the camera, who look together, first at the character in the present and then at the events taking place in the past. Ultimately, such scenes can only be understood in terms of blended joint attention, and they also reveal the importance of other cognitive processes at work, namely time compression, viewpoint integration, and identity and analogy connections.

scholarly journals The Effect of Decision Training, from a Cognitive Perspective, on Decision-Making in Volleyball: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 3628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Conejero Suárez ◽  
Antonio Luiz Prado Serenini ◽  
Carmen Fernández-Echeverría ◽  
Daniel Collado-Mateo ◽  
M. Perla Moreno Arroyo
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Cognitive Perspective ◽  
Training Interventions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Volleyball Players ◽  
Active Training

Over the past few decades there has been great interest in the study of cognitive processes, and specifically decision-making, from a cognitive perspective. The aim of the present study was to systematically review the scientific literature on the effect of decision training interventions/programs, from a cognitive perspective, on the decision-making of volleyball players. The systematic search was carried out in five scientific electronic databases according to PRISMA guidelines Web of Science (WOS), Pubmed (Medline), Scopus, SportDiscus and Google Scholar. A total of eight studies met the inclusion criteria. The main finding of the meta-analysis was that the use of decision-making training programs/interventions led to significant improvements in volleyball players’ decision-making (Standardized mean difference = 0.94 with 95% confidence interval from 0.63 to 1.25), compared to normal active volleyball training. In addition, the heterogeneity of the interventions was low (I2 = 0%). From the results of the studies analyzed, we recommend using decisional interventions or training, both as part of normal active training or complementary to it, to improve the decision-making of the players, thus optimizing their ability to perceive and process relevant stimuli, and then generate quick and effective responses. These findings can be useful in the process of sports training.

Haunting Thoughts: The Problem of Obsessive Mental Intrusions

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrienne Wang ◽  
David A. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Behavioral Treatment ◽  
Cognitive Strategies ◽  
Psychological Processes ◽  
Dysfunctional Beliefs ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Cognitive Perspective ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Status

Unwanted, ego-alien distressing intrusive thoughts, images, or impulses (i.e., obsessions) are a hallmark of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). Until recently the psychological processes involved in the origin, persistence, and treatment of these perplexing intrusive mental repetitions have not been well understood. Over the past decade, a new cognitive perspective on OCD has emerged that has provided new insights into the pathogenesis and treatment of obsessions. In this article we briefly consider recent findings on normal and abnormal obsessions, their relationship to mood disturbance, and the status of key cognitive processes implicated in the pathogenesis of obsessions as discussed in publications by Salkovskis, Rachman, Freeston, Clark, Purdon, and others. We conclude with a discussion of treatment implications and whether the inclusion of cognitive strategies that directly targets change in dysfunctional beliefs and appraisals will enhance standard behavioral treatment of OCD.

scholarly journals دراسة لنظرية الانتقال الاشاري بوصفة منهجا اسلوبيا في تحليل تأثيرات وجهة النظر في الخطاب السردي

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-142
Author(s):  
Ali Abdulilah Gheni
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Stylistic Analysis ◽  
Seamus Heaney ◽  
Cognitive Perspective ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cognitive Work ◽  
Narrative Techniques ◽  
Cognitive Attitude

Traditionally, most approaches to stylistic analysis are not related to cognitive processes by which readers are engaged and conceptualized to a particular point of view while reading a text. Against this account , emerged through 1980s and 1990s, various stylistic models for identifying categories of point of view in fiction, and this brings a cognitive perspective in analysis of narrative stylistics. Deictic shift theory is an act to demonstrate how readers are completely engaged in narratives, to a degree that they interpret events in narrative as if they were experiencing them from a position within the story world. According to Segal(1995,p15),deictic shift theory (henceforth DST) means that '' the reader often takes a cognitive attitude within the world of narrative and interprets the text from that perspective' 'and this happens as a result of deictic shifts within the narratives that change the deictic center from which the sentences of the text are interpreted. It follows that such changes in the deictic center across the course of a text will result in changes in the point of view that readers will be exposed to(Mclntyre,2006,p92).The present study aims to investigate the role of deictic shift theory as a cognitive perspective to point of view effects in the selected poem written by Seamus Heaney in his famous poem '' Mossbawn'' . The emphasis will be shifted away from narrative techniques towards theconceptual framework that tackles the cognitive processes of both reading and interpretation. However, the study will show how applying DST is an indispensable in tackling stylistic analysis to point of view which develops our understanding of the construction of viewpoints in language.The analysis has shown that the cognitive work of DST is used as a device in the poem in order to arrive at the comprehensive meaning of text. The poet uses different deictic shifts and projection of viewpoints of personal pronoun, locational, and temporal deixis and references which are interrelated between the fictional text world of the poem and the real central world of the reader. Also, it is seen that in cognitive terms there is a shift between the past and the present, a rapid back and forth shift of deictic center and field which is tackled by the reader's perspective

scholarly journals Characterizing Bilingual Effects on Cognition: The Search for Meaningful Individual Differences

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Kristina C. Backer ◽  
Heather Bortfeld
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Language Background ◽  
Bilingual Advantage ◽  
The Past ◽  
General Movement ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Task Irrelevant ◽  
Analytical Approaches ◽  
The Relationship

A debate over the past decade has focused on the so-called bilingual advantage—the idea that bilingual and multilingual individuals have enhanced domain-general executive functions, relative to monolinguals, due to competition-induced monitoring of both processing and representation from the task-irrelevant language(s). In this commentary, we consider a recent study by Pot, Keijzer, and de Bot (2018), which focused on the relationship between individual differences in language usage and performance on an executive function task among multilingual older adults. We discuss their approach and findings in light of a more general movement towards embracing complexity in this domain of research, including individuals’ sociocultural context and position in the lifespan. The field increasingly considers interactions between bilingualism/multilingualism and cognition, employing measures of language use well beyond the early dichotomous perspectives on language background. Moreover, new measures of bilingualism and analytical approaches are helping researchers interrogate the complexities of specific processing issues. Indeed, our review of the bilingualism/multilingualism literature confirms the increased appreciation researchers have for the range of factors—beyond whether someone speaks one, two, or more languages—that impact specific cognitive processes. Here, we highlight some of the most salient of these, and incorporate suggestions for a way forward that likewise encompasses neural perspectives on the topic.

scholarly journals Cognition and the evolution of camouflage

2016 ◽  
Vol 283 (1825) ◽  
pp. 20152890 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Skelhorn ◽  
Candy Rowe
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Selective Pressure ◽  
Animal Cognition ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Ecological Context ◽  
The Past ◽  
Camouflage Patterns ◽  
Predator Defence

Camouflage is one of the most widespread forms of anti-predator defence and prevents prey individuals from being detected or correctly recognized by would-be predators. Over the past decade, there has been a resurgence of interest in both the evolution of prey camouflage patterns, and in understanding animal cognition in a more ecological context. However, these fields rarely collide, and the role of cognition in the evolution of camouflage is poorly understood. Here, we review what we currently know about the role of both predator and prey cognition in the evolution of prey camouflage, outline why cognition may be an important selective pressure driving the evolution of camouflage and consider how studying the cognitive processes of animals may prove to be a useful tool to study the evolution of camouflage, and vice versa. In doing so, we highlight that we still have a lot to learn about the role of cognition in the evolution of camouflage and identify a number of avenues for future research.

scholarly journals The Perceptual and Cognitive Processes That Govern Egg Rejection in Hosts of Avian Brood Parasites

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Hanley ◽  
Samantha L. Rutledge ◽  
Juliana Villa
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Selective Pressure ◽  
Null Model ◽  
Egg Rejection ◽  
Egg Recognition ◽  
Brood Parasites ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Receptor Noise

Hosts of avian brood parasites are under intense selective pressure to prevent or reduce the cost of parasitism. Many have evolved refined egg discrimination abilities, which can select for eggshell mimicry in their parasite. A classic assumption underlying these coevolutionary dynamics is that host egg recognition depends on the perceivable difference between their own eggs and those of their parasite. Over the past two decades, the receptor noise-limited (RNL) model has contributed to our understanding of these coevolutionary interactions by providing researchers a method to predict a host’s ability to discriminate a parasite’s egg from its own. Recent research has shown that some hosts are more likely to reject brown eggs than blue eggs, regardless of the perceived differences to their own. Such responses suggest that host egg recognition may be due to perceptual or cognitive processes not currently predictable by the RNL model. In this perspective, we discuss the potential value of using the RNL model as a null model to explore alternative perceptual processes and higher-order cognitive processes that could explain how and why some hosts make seemingly counter-intuitive decisions. Further, we outline experiments that should be fruitful for determining the perceptual and cognitive processing used by hosts for egg recognition tasks.

scholarly journals MODAL AWAL MENGEMBANGKAN WISATA DESA: PENGETAHUAN KESEJARAHAN, PERSEPSI, DAN PARTISIPASI MASYARAKAT PADA SITUS PETILASAN GADJAH MADA DI DESA LAMBANG KUNING

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 165
Author(s):  
Samidi M Baskoro ◽  
Sarkawi B Husain ◽  
Ikhsan Rosyid Mujahidul Anwari
Keyword(s):  
Collective Memory ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Ordinary People ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
The Past ◽  
Historical Objects ◽  
Historical Heritage ◽  
Historical Sites ◽  
Economic Motives ◽  
Depth Interviews

The past is present today through cultural heritage (historical heritage sites), but some ordinary people do not know the importance of the value of these objects, as evidenced by the trade in fragments of artifacts. This action is driven by economic motives and has no knowledge of historical objects. The main problem is how to build knowledge and awareness of historical heritage objects? The answer to this problem can be the elements used as initial capital to develop village tourism. The main value of the development of village tourism is the creation of public spaces where people can relax and gather at leisure. The development of village tourism should not be driven by economic motives that are often echoed by various parties. The methods used to elaborate are observation, in-depth interviews to find collective memory, and counseling or workshops. The findings obtained from observations, interviews, and literature studies are the use of historical sites as a destination for village tourism must be supported by the prerequisites for development, namely the knowledge of local communities on the site will foster awareness of historical heritage, uniformity of perception about the function of the site not for religious purposes, and participation community in site preservation.abstrakMasa lalu adalah masa kini yang hadir melalui warisan budaya (situs peninggalan sejarah), tetapi sebagian masyarakat awam tidak mengetahui pentingnya nilai benda-benda ini, terbukti dari adanya perdagangan serpihan artefak. Tindakan ini didorong oleh motif ekonomi dan tidak memiliki pengetahuan pada benda-benda sejarah. Pokok permasalahan adalah bagaimana upaya membangun pengetahuan dan kesadaran pada benda-benda peninggalan sejarah? Jawaban persoalan ini dapat menjadi unsur-unsur yang digunakan sebagai modal awal mengembangkan wisata desa. Nilai pokok pengembangan wisata desa adalah penciptaan ruang publik tempat bersantai dan berkumpul bagi anggota masyarakat setempat pada waktu senggang. Pengembangan wisata desa tidak harus didorong oleh motif ekonomi yang seringkali digaungkan oleh berbagai pihak. Metode yang digunakan untuk menguraikan adalah observasi, wawancara mendalam untuk menemukan memori kolektif, dan penyuluhan atau workshop. Temuan yang diperoleh dari observasi, wawancara, dan studi literatur adalah pemanfaatan situs sejarah sebagai destiasi wisata desa harus didukung oleh prasyarat pengembangan, yakni pengetahuan masyarakat lokal pada situs akan menumbuhkan kesadaran pada peninggalan sejarah, penyeragaman persepsi mengenai fungsi situs bukan untuk kepentingan religi, dan partisipasi masyarakat dalam pelestarian situs.

scholarly journals SCIENTISTS OF YEKATERINBURG AS ACTORS PROMOTING THE MOVEMENT FOR THE PRESERVATION OF THE INDUSTRIAL HERITAGE

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-124
Author(s):  
E.V. Zaitseva ◽  
◽  
E.A. Azorkin ◽  
A.N. Alekseychik ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Community ◽  
International Committee ◽  
Industrial Society ◽  
Ordinary People ◽  
The Urals ◽  
Industrial Heritage ◽  
Historical Significance ◽  
The Past ◽  
Industrial Regions

Yet several decades ago the term “industrial heritage” was unknown not only to ordinary people, but also to many scientists. However, the transition from an industrial society to a postindustrial one arouses interest in the objects of the former industrial territories. Over the past twenty years, a number of interesting theoretical and applied studies of the industrial heritage of old industrial regions have been formed. These studies raise the problems of the industrial heritage of Russia and its regions, reveal the potential of territories of cultural and historical significance, describe infrastructural complexes and industrial objects of the past. The article describes the role of scholars from one of the main industrial regions of Russia, the Urals, in the popularization of the industrial heritage through theoretical and empirical research. Primary attention is paid to the analysis of the main directions of this activity, presented in publications by various representatives of the scientific community, which form the scientific and cultural background of the topic of preserving the industrial heritage of Russia. There is a large scientific community in Yekaterinburg, represented by many scholars, including Professor V.V. Zapariy, national representative of Russia in TICCIH (the International Committee for the Conservation of the Industrial Heritage), writing on this topic, which is relevant for the industrial region.

What a Simple Letter-Detection Task Can Tell Us About Cognitive Processes in Reading

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 417-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond M. Klein ◽  
Jean Saint-Aubin
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Visual Presentation ◽  
Detection Task ◽  
Societal Implications ◽  
Large Set ◽  
Letter Detection ◽  
Attentional Disengagement ◽  
The Past ◽  
Lexical Activation ◽  
Current Article

Understanding reading is a central issue for psychology, with major societal implications. Over the past five decades, a simple letter-detection task has been used as a window on the psycholinguistic processes involved in reading. When readers are asked to read a text for comprehension while marking with a pencil all instances of a target letter, they miss some of the letters in a systematic way known as the missing-letter effect. In the current article, we review evidence from studies that have emphasized neuroimaging, eye movement, rapid serial visual presentation, and auditory passages. As we review, the missing-letter effect captures a wide variety of cognitive processes, including lexical activation, attention, and extraction of phrase structure. To account for the large set of findings generated by studies of the missing-letter effect, we advanced an attentional-disengagement model that is rooted in how attention is allocated to and disengaged from lexical items during reading, which we have recently shown applies equally to listening.

Lessons Learned From Freespans at Pipeline Watercourse Crossings

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerry Ferris
Keyword(s):  
Static Load ◽  
Water Velocity ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Vortex Induced Vibration ◽  
Water Loading ◽  
Relevant Question ◽  
The Past ◽  
Load Limit ◽  
Pipeline Failure

Abstract Over the past 10 years inspections (site visits, boat based surveys or diver surveys) have been completed at nearly 20,000 pipeline watercourse crossings for 20 different pipeline owners. During the last 10 years there have been 721 unique locations where an exposed pipeline was found and at 213 of these locations a freespan was encountered. Only one of the freespans resulted in the failure (loss of product) of the pipeline. This record illustrates what is now become widely accepted, that pipeline exposure does not necessarily lead to pipeline failure. The record adds to this, pipeline freespan does not necessarily lead to failure. This highlights that the relevant question for “water loading caused pipeline failure” is: Does the combination of freespan length and water velocity exceed a combination that would lead to vortex induced vibration or the exceedance of the static load limit of the pipe?

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