scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity of Lupinifolin from Derris reticulata and Its Effect on Cytoplasmic Membrane of Methicillin Resistant

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 1104-1112
Author(s):  
Kamol YUSOOK ◽  
Pettaya PANVONGSA
Keyword(s):  
Propidium Iodide ◽  
Nmr Spectra ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Cytoplasmic Membrane ◽  
Minimum Bactericidal Concentration ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Derris Reticulata

Lupinifolin from Derris reticulata Craib. was extracted with hexane by Soxhlet extractor and purified by crystallization. The yellow needle-shaped lupinifolin crystals were identified and confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra and Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC/MS). The lupinifolin showed minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 8 and 16 µg/ml against Methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA), respectively. The flow cytometry (FCM) was performed to determine the alteration of cytoplasmic membrane (CM) permeability of MRSA by using Propidium iodide (PI) 5 µg/ml as an indicator for bacterial membrane integrity. It was found that the bacterial CM permeability was effected by lupinifolin with the MIC of 8 µg/ml comparable to the control when investigated by Propidium iodide intensity. Additionally, DNA laddering assay was carried out to evaluate apoptosis in bacterial cells. It was shown that the lupinifolin has no effect on DNA fragmentation.

scholarly journals Down-regulation of biofilm-associated genes in mecA-positive methicillin-resistant S. aureus treated with M. communis extract and its antibacterial activity

AMB Express ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Moj Khaleghi ◽  
Sadegh Khorrami
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Minimum Bactericidal Concentration ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Biofilm Development

AbstractConsidering the prevalence of resistance to antibiotics, the discovery of effective agents against resistant pathogens is of extreme urgency. Herein, 26 mecA-positive methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) isolated from clinical samples were identified, and their resistance to 11 antibiotics was investigated. Next, the antibacterial and anti-biofilm activity of the ethanolic extract of M. communis on these strains was evaluated. Furthermore, the effect of this extract on the expression of biofilm-associated genes, icaA, icaD, bap, sarA, and agr, was studied. According to the results, all isolated strains were multidrug-resistant and showed resistance to oxacillin and tetracycline. Also, 96.15 and 88.46 % of them were resistant to gentamicin and erythromycin. However, the extract could effectively combat the strains. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against different strains ranged from 1.56 to 25 mg/ml and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was between 3.125 and 50 mg/ml. Even though most MRSA (67 %) strongly produced biofilm, the sub-MIC concentration of the extract destroyed the pre-formed biofilm and affected the bacterial cells inside the biofilm. It could also inhibit biofilm development by significantly decreasing the expression of icaA, icaD, sarA and bap genes involved in biofilm formation and development. In conclusion, the extract inhibits biofilm formation, ruins pre-formed biofilm, and kills cells living inside the biofilm. Furthermore, it down-regulates the expression of necessary genes and nips the biofilm formation in the bud.

Effect of piperacillin on morphology and viability of gram-negative bacteria

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 218-219
Author(s):  
R. H. Liss
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Cytoplasmic Membrane ◽  
Drug Binding ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Penicillin Binding Proteins ◽  
Lactam Antibiotic ◽  
Drug Free ◽  
Tube Dilution

Piperacillip (PIP) is b-[D(-)-α-(4-ethy1-2,3-dioxo-l-piperzinylcar-bonylamino)-α-phenylacetamido]-penicillanate. The broad spectrum semisynthetic β-lactam antibiotic is believed to effect bactericidal activity through its affinity for penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), enzymes on the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane that control elongation and septation during cell growth and division. The purpose of this study was to correlate penetration and binding of 14C-PIP in bacterial cells with drug-induced lethal changes assessed by microscopic, microbiologic and biochemical methods.The bacteria used were clinical isolates of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Figure 1). Sensitivity to the drug was determined by serial tube dilution in Trypticase Soy Broth (BBL) at an inoculum of 104 organisms/ml; the minimum inhibitory concentration of piperacillin for both bacteria was 1 μg/ml. To assess drug binding to PBPs, the bacteria were incubated with 14C-PIP (5 μg/0.09 μCi/ml); controls, in drug-free medium.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial activity of Lippia sidoides Cham. (Verbenaceae) essential oil against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli

2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.E Castro ◽  
J.M Ribeiro ◽  
T.T Diniz ◽  
A.C Almeida ◽  
L.C Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Minimum Bactericidal Concentration ◽  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Bactericidal Effect ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Lippia Sidoides

The antibacterial effect of Lippia sidoides (rosemary pepper) essential oil was tested against the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli isolated from homemade Minas cheese produced in Brazil. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) determined in the Dilution Test was 13 µL oil mL-1 for both bacteria, which characterizes inhibitory action in broth for a 24-hour interaction period. The Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) determined in the Suspension Test, with one minute of contact, was 25 µL oil mL-1 for both tested bacteria, obtaining at this concentration a bactericidal effect of 99.9% on the viable bacterial cells from each sample. Results demonstrated the bacterial activity of Lippia sidoides essential oil against S. aureus and E. coli, suggesting its use as an antibacterial agent in foods.

scholarly journals Benzalkonium Chloride Induces a VBNC State in Listeria monocytogenes

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 184
Author(s):  
Matthias Noll ◽  
Katharina Trunzer ◽  
Antje Vondran ◽  
Szilvia Vincze ◽  
Ralf Dieckmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Risks ◽  
Benzalkonium Chloride ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Minimum Bactericidal Concentration ◽  
Cell Membrane Permeability ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Vbnc State ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Sublethal Concentrations

The objective of our study was to investigate the effects of benzalkonium chloride (BC) adaptation of L. monocytogenes on the susceptibility to antimicrobial agents and on the viable but non culturable (VBNC) state of the bacterial cells. We adapted L. monocytogenes SLCC2540 to BC by applying BC below minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) to above minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). The culturable fractions and the susceptibility of adapted and parental cells to BC were assessed. In addition, cell membrane permeability and glucose uptake were analyzed by multi parametric flow cytometry using the fluorescent agents SYTO9, propidium iodide, and 2-deoxy-2-[(7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-4-yl)amino]-D-glucose (2-NBDG). Adapted cells displayed a two-fold MIC increase of BC and reduced antibiotic susceptibility. At high BC concentrations, the decrease in the number of colony forming units was significantly lower in the population of adapted cells compared to parental cells. At the same time, the number of metabolically active cells with intact membranes was significantly higher than the number of culturable cells. Growth-independent viability assays revealed an adapted subpopulation after BC application that was not culturable, indicating increased abundance of viable but nonculturable (VBNC) cells. Moreover, adapted cells can outcompete non-adapted cells under sublethal concentrations of disinfectants, which may lead to novel public health risks.

Synthesis of 1ʹ-acetoxychavicol acetate (ACA) analogues and their inhibitory activities against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 101-111
Author(s):  
Nursyazwani Anuar ◽  
◽  
Mohamad Nurul Azmi Mohamad Taib ◽  
Khayriyyah Mohd Hanafiah ◽  
Aemen Ali Kudayr Al Shammary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Minimum Bactericidal Concentration ◽  
Moderate Activity ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Inhibitory Activities ◽  
Inhibitory Agents ◽  
Mic Value

A series of 1ʹ-acetoxychavicol acetate analogues were synthesised and evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) using broth microdilution technique. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was used to determine whether the compounds had potential as inhibitory agents against the MRSA ATCC 43300, and the compounds with antimicrobial potential (<2000 μg ml–1) were tested for minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). Based on this assay, compound 1 exhibited potent antimicrobial activity with MIC value of 250 μg ml–1. Meanwhile, compounds 2 and 13 showed the moderate activity with MIC values of 500 μg ml–1, respectively.

scholarly journals Uji Bioaktivitas Ekstrak Etanol Alga Merah Galaxaura oblongata (Ellis dan Solonder) Lamouroux. Terhadap Beberapa Jenis Bakteri Patogen. (Bioactivity Test of Red Algae Galaxaura oblongata (Ellis and Solonder) Lamouroux Ethanol Extract Against Several Types of Pathogenic Bacteria

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Teresia Panden ◽  
Johanis Julian Pelealu ◽  
Marina Singkoh
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Minimum Bactericidal Concentration ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Methicillin Resistant

Uji Bioaktivitas Ekstrak Etanol Alga Merah Galaxaura oblongata (Ellis dan Solonder) Lamouroux. Terhadap Beberapa Jenis Bakteri Patogen.(Bioactivity Test of Red Algae Galaxaura oblongata (Ellis and Solonder) Lamouroux Ethanol Extract Against Several Types of Pathogenic Bacteria) Teresia Panden1*), Johanis Julian Pelealu1), Marina Flora Oktovine Singkoh1)1)Program Studi Biologi FMIPA Unsrat Manado*Email: [email protected] Diterima  5 Juli 2019, diterima untuk dipublikasi 10 Agustus 2019 ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan menghitung nilai konsentrasi Minimum Inhibitory Concentration dan Minimum Bactericidal Concentration ekstrak etanol Galaxaura oblongata terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus), dan Salmonella typhi dalam memberikan pengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus MRSA (Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus), dan  Salmonella typhi. Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan cara maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol. Pengujian bioaktivitas antibakteri menggunakan metode dilusi cair. Hasil uji bioaktivitas antibakteri dianalisa menggunakan metode Oneway Anova, dilanjutkan dengan Uji Tukey. Uji bioaktivitas antibakteri menunjukkan ekstrak memiliki aktivitas antibakteri. Pada bakteri Staphylococcus aureus konsentrasi ekstrak 90% ditetapkan sebagai nilai MIC, MRSA pada konsentrasi ekstrak 30% ditetapkan sebagai nilai MIC, dan pada Salmonella typhi pada konsentrasi ekstrak 30% ditetapkan sebagai nilai MIC. Data Anova menunjukkan bahwa pertumbuhan koloni tiap konsentrasi ekstrak signifikan artinya tiap konsentrasi berbeda nyata dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri, tetapi nilai MBC belum dapat ditentukan karena masih mengalami pertumbuhan koloni pada hasil pengujian MBC.Kata kunci : Galaxaura oblongata, bioaktivitas, senyawa kimia, antibakteri. ABSTRACT This study aimed to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration of Galaxaura oblongata ethanol extract against Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus), and Salmonella typhi in influencing the growth of Staphylococcus aureus MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus), and Salmonella typhi. Extraction was carried out by maceration using ethanol solvent. The liquid dilution method was used as an antibacterial bioactivity testing. The antibacterial bioactivity test results showed that the extract had antibacterial activity. In Staphylococcus aureus bacteria, concentrations extract of 90% were determined as MIC values, MRSA of concentrations extract of 30 were determined as MIC values, and in Salmonella typhi at concentrations extract of 30% set as MIC values. The antibacterial bioactivity test results were analyzed using One Way Anova method, followed by the Tukey Test. Anova's data showed that the growth of colonies in each concentration of extract was significant, meaning that each concentration was significantly different in inhibiting bacterial growth. However, the MBC value could not be determined because it still experienced colony growth in the results of MBC testing.Keywords: Galaxaura oblongata, bioactivity, chemical compound, antibacterial.

scholarly journals Antibacterial characteristics of orange pigment extracted from Monascus pigments against Escherichia coli

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 197-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhao Guo-Ping ◽  
Li Ying-Qiu ◽  
Yang Jie ◽  
Cui Kai-Yu
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Cytoplasmic Membrane ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Bacterial Membrane ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Orange Pigment ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Monascus Pigments ◽  
Egg Pc

The antibacterial characteristics of orange pigment, which is one of the Monascus pigments, against Escherichia coli were investigated. Orange pigment exhibited strong antibacterial activity against E. coli evidenced by an increase in the diameter of inhibition zone with orange pigment treatment. The concentration of 2.5 mg/ml was the minimum inhibitory concentration of orange pigment against E. coli. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that orange pigment could damage bacterial cells, eventually resulting in cell death. The increase in the electric conductivity of bacterial cell suspensions suggested that the cytoplasmic membrane was broken by treatment with orange pigment. The result of orange pigment incorporation into egg PC further demonstrated the interaction between orange pigment and the phospholipid led to the disruption of bacterial membrane.

scholarly journals Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) for Twelve Antimicrobials (Biocides and Antibiotics) in Eight Strains of Listeria monocytogenes

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Cristina Rodríguez-Melcón ◽  
Carlos Alonso-Calleja ◽  
Camino García-Fernández ◽  
Javier Carballo ◽  
Rosa Capita
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Benzalkonium Chloride ◽  
Species Differences ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Minimum Bactericidal Concentration ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Effective Doses

When selecting effective doses of antimicrobials, be they biocides or antibiotics, it is essential to know the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) of these substances. The present research determined the MICs and MBCs for three biocides, sodium hypochlorite (SH), benzalkonium chloride (BC), and peracetic acid (PAA), and nine antibiotics in eight strains of Listeria monocytogenes of varying serotypes. Marked intra-species differences were observed in the resistance of L. monocytogenes to the biocides and antibiotics. The MICs (ppm) for the biocides ranged between 1750 and 4500 for SH, 0.25 and 20.00 for BC, and 1050 and 1700 for PAA. Their MBCs (ppm) ranged from 2250 to 4500 for SH, 0.50 to 20.00 for BC, and 1150 to 1800 for PAA. The MICs (ppm) for antibiotics lay between 1 and 15 for ampicillin, 8 and 150 for cephalothin, 20 and 170 for cefoxitin, 0.05 and 0.20 for erythromycin, 4 and 50 for chloramphenicol, 3 and 100 for gentamicin, 2 and 15 for tetracycline, 2 and 80 for vancomycin, and 160 and 430 for fosfomycin. The corresponding MBCs (ppm) were from 5 to 20 for ampicillin, 9 to 160 for cephalothin, 70 to 200 for cefoxitin, 4 to 5 for erythromycin, 9 to 70 for chloramphenicol, 5 to 100 for gentamicin, 3 to 30 for tetracycline, 3 to 90 for vancomycin, and 160 to 450 for fosfomycin. Notably, erythromycin showed considerable efficacy, demonstrated by the low values for both MIC and MBC. Based on EUCAST and the CLSI criteria, all strains were susceptible to erythromycin. All strains were resistant to cephalothin, cefoxitin, gentamicin, and fosfomycin. Further values for resistance were 87.50% for ampicillin and vancomycin, 75.00% for tetracycline, and 62.50% for chloramphenicol. The high prevalence of antibiotic resistance is a matter for concern. A positive correlation was found between MIC and MBC values for most of the biocides and antibiotics. The higher the hydrophobicity of the cell surface, the higher the susceptibility to biocides, suggesting that surface characteristics of bacterial cells influence resistance to these compounds.

scholarly journals In Vitro Test: Antimicrobial Activity Potential From Ciplukan Fruit (Physalis minima L.) Extract in Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 209
Author(s):  
Muhammad Hanun Mahyuddin ◽  
Arifa Mustika ◽  
Gwenny Ichsan Prabowo ◽  
Deby Kusumaningrum
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Minimum Bactericidal Concentration ◽  
Test Tube ◽  
In Vitro Test ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Methicillin Resistant

Abstract  In Indonesia, in 2006, the prevalence of infections due to MRSA was 23.5%. Physalis minima L. plants are known to have antimicrobial activity because they contain compounds withaferin A, which can induce programmed cell death. This research was to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of Ciplukan (Physalis minima L.) extract in Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteria. Dilution test with Mueller-Hinton broth medium used for measuring the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Ciplukan  fruit extract was dissolved in distilled water, and poured into a test tube with a certain concentration (0.9 g/mL (90%); 0.3 g/mL (45%); 0.15 g/mL (22.5%); 0.075 g/mL (11.25%) and 0.0375 g/mL (5.625%). After being incubated for 24 hours, the bacteria in the test tube were plated on nutrient agar plates to determine the MBC. The MIC cannot be determined, because the medium in the dilution test tube is disturbed by the color of the extract so that turbidity cannot be observed. From the observations of the minimum bactericidal concentration, MBC of the Ciplukan (Physalis minima  L.) fruit extract against MRSA was in the P1 tube or equivalent to 0.9 g / ml (90%).Keywords             : Physalis minima L., Antimicrobial, Ciplukan, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Withaferin ACorrespondence   : [email protected]

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