Evaluation of Groundwater Quality Suitability for Drinking
Purpose Using Water Quality Index Approach in Yarmouk
Basin, Jordan

Groundwater quality is an issue of national concern in Jordan since it is the main water source for drinking, agriculture and industrial purposes. In this context, an attempt has been made to determine the suitability of groundwater in the Yarmouk Basin in Jordan for drinking purposes using the weighted arithmetic water quality index approach with the respect to the Jordanian standards for drinking water. Groundwater quality records from 15 sampling stations spread across Yarmouk Basin during 2008- 2015 are used. Seven physical and chemical parameters are selected to calculate the water quality index. These parameters are pH, total dissolved solids, total hardness, sulfates (SO4 −2 ), chlorides (Cl− ), nitrates (NO3 − ), and sodium (Na+ ). The relationship between the selected groundwater quality parameters is evaluated using the correlation coefficient. A strong relationship is found between several parameters such as Cl− with Na+ , total dissolved solids with Na+ , Cl− , TH and SO4 −2 and total hardness with SO4 −2. A moderate relationship is found between SO4 −2 with Na+ , TH with Cl− and Na+ , SO4 −2 with Cl− , Cl− with NO3 − and NO3 − with Na+ . Also, the mean concentration values of the physical and chemical parameters are almost below the maximum allowable level based on Jordanian standards for drinking except for two sampling locations. According to water quality index scale classification, the groundwater quality of the studied locations is in the excellent to poor water range with computed mean water quality index values range from 26.3 to 107.93. Out of 15 studied locations, ten locations are classified in the ‘Excellent water’ class, four locations as a “Good water” class, one as a “Poor water” class. None of the studied locations are classified in the “Very poor water” class and “Water unsuitable for drinking purpose” class. Temporal variations and spatial distribution of groundwater quality in Yarmouk Basin based on WQI are also evaluated. The WQI spatial distribution map clearly showed the best locations for drinking water in the Yarmouk Basin. Water quality indices are used to provide theoretical support to water managers and policymakers for proper actions on groundwater quality management

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EVALUATION GROUNDWATER QUALITY BY USING GIS AND WATER QUALITY INDEX TECHNIQUES FOR WELLS IN BARDARASH AREA, NORTHERN IRAQ

Iraqi Geological Journal ◽

10.46717/igj.53.2c.7rs-2020-09.07 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 53 (2C) ◽

pp. 87-104

Author(s):

Kaiwan Fatah

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Groundwater Quality ◽

Water Quality Index ◽

Quality Index ◽

Total Alkalinity ◽

Total Hardness ◽

Chemical Parameters ◽

Alternative Source ◽

Distribution Maps ◽

Poor Water Quality

Studying groundwater quality in arid and semi-arid regions is essential significant because it is used as a foremost alternative source for various purposes (human and animal consumption, economic, agriculture and irrigation). Geographic Information System and Water Quality Index techniques were utilized for visualizing and evaluating the variations of groundwater quality in the studied area. Total twelve wells were sampled and twelve groundwater quality (chemical) parameters; pH, Total Alkalinity, Total Hardness (TH), Total Dissolved Solid (TDS), Electrical Conductivity (Ec), Potassium (K), Nitrate (NO3), Sulfate (SO4), Chloride (Cl), Calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg) and Sodium (Na) were analyzed in the laboratory. Inverse Distance Weighted technique was used as a useful tool to create and anticipate spatial variation maps of the chemical parameters. Predicting or anticipating other areas not measured, identifying them and making use of them in the future without examining samples. The results of this research showed that 8.3% of the studied wells have excellent groundwater quality, and almost sampling wells about 75% found in good groundwater quality, while findings of groundwater quality of 16.7% studied wells belong to poor water quality due to standards of Water Quality Index. Moreover, spatial analysis in term of groundwater quality map showed that Excellent groundwater quality was detected in well 3, very good groundwater potential was noticed in six studied wells (wells 2, 6, 8, 10, 11 and 12), and other sampling wells (wells 4 and 7) were observed as good groundwater quality, while poor water quality was observed in wells (well 1 and 5). Hence, spatial distribution maps showed that the almost groundwater quality in the area about 1046.82 km² (99.04%) are suitable for drinking purpose, whereas proximate 10.18 km² (0.96%) are observed as poor water quality and inappropriate for consumptions especially in the southern part of the area.

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Groundwater quality assessment using water quality index (WQI) under GIS framework

Applied Water Science ◽

10.1007/s13201-021-01376-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Arjun Ram ◽

S. K. Tiwari ◽

H. K. Pandey ◽

Abhishek Kumar Chaurasia ◽

Supriya Singh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Groundwater Quality ◽

Water Quality Index ◽

Quality Index ◽

Uttar Pradesh ◽

Granite Gneiss ◽

Total Hardness ◽

Human Consumption ◽

Anthropogenic Contamination ◽

Quality Of Water

AbstractGroundwater is an important source for drinking water supply in hard rock terrain of Bundelkhand massif particularly in District Mahoba, Uttar Pradesh, India. An attempt has been made in this work to understand the suitability of groundwater for human consumption. The parameters like pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, alkalinity, total hardness, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, bicarbonate, sulfate, chloride, fluoride, nitrate, copper, manganese, silver, zinc, iron and nickel were analysed to estimate the groundwater quality. The water quality index (WQI) has been applied to categorize the water quality viz: excellent, good, poor, etc. which is quite useful to infer the quality of water to the people and policy makers in the concerned area. The WQI in the study area ranges from 4.75 to 115.93. The overall WQI in the study area indicates that the groundwater is safe and potable except few localized pockets in Charkhari and Jaitpur Blocks. The Hill-Piper Trilinear diagram reveals that the groundwater of the study area falls under Na+-Cl−, mixed Ca2+-Mg2+-Cl− and Ca2+-$${\text{HCO}}_{3}^{ - }$$ HCO 3 - types. The granite-gneiss contains orthoclase feldspar and biotite minerals which after weathering yields bicarbonate and chloride rich groundwater. The correlation matrix has been created and analysed to observe their significant impetus on the assessment of groundwater quality. The current study suggests that the groundwater of the area under deteriorated water quality needs treatment before consumption and also to be protected from the perils of geogenic/anthropogenic contamination.

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Assessment of Water Quality Index for the Groundwater in Tumkur Taluk, Karnataka State, India

E-Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1155/2009/757424 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 523-530 ◽

Cited By ~ 154

Author(s):

C. R. Ramakrishnaiah ◽

C. Sadashivaiah ◽

G. Ranganna

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Water Quality Index ◽

Quality Index ◽

Total Dissolved Solids ◽

Physicochemical Analysis ◽

Total Hardness ◽

Dissolved Solids ◽

Groundwater Samples ◽

Calcium Magnesium ◽

Iron Manganese

The present work is aimed at assessing the water quality index (WQI) for the groundwater of Tumkur taluk. This has been determined by collecting groundwater samples and subjecting the samples to a comprehensive physicochemical analysis. For calculating the WQI, the following 12 parameters have been considered: pH, total hardness, calcium, magnesium, bicarbonate, chloride, nitrate, sulphate, total dissolved solids, iron, manganese and fluorides. The WQI for these samples ranges from 89.21 to 660.56. The high value of WQI has been found to be mainly from the higher values of iron, nitrate, total dissolved solids, hardness, fluorides, bicarbonate and manganese in the groundwater. The results of analyses have been used to suggest models for predicting water quality. The analysis reveals that the groundwater of the area needs some degree of treatment before consumption, and it also needs to be protected from the perils of contamination

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Evaluation of the Groundwater Quality Using the Water Quality Index and Geostatistical Analysis in the Dier al-Balah Governorate, Gaza Strip, Palestine

Water ◽

10.3390/w12010262 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 262 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Moustafa El Baba ◽

Prabin Kayastha ◽

Marijke Huysmans ◽

Florimond De Smedt

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Groundwater Quality ◽

Water Samples ◽

Water Quality Index ◽

Quality Index ◽

Gaza Strip ◽

Geostatistical Analysis ◽

Human Consumption ◽

Chemical Parameters ◽

Large Area

Groundwater contamination is a major problem in the Gaza Strip. In this study we investigate the groundwater quality in the Dier al-Balah Governorate. Water samples were collected from 19 municipal wells in April 2009 and April 2014 and analyzed for physio-chemical parameters (pH, TDS, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Cl−, SO42–, HCO3− and NO3−). The aim of the research is to determine the groundwater quality and to produce groundwater quality maps using the water quality index (WQI) method and geostatistical analysis. The results show that all water samples are very saline due to the intrusion of Mediterranean seawater in the coastal aquifer. Differences in chemical composition between 2009 and 2014 indicate that about 1% more seawater was mixed with the groundwater in this period. The majority of the observed chemical parameters of all wells are well above the WHO water quality standards and all WQI values indicate that the water quality is problematic. The spatial variation of the WQI scores is modelled by a deterministic component expressing a linear dependence on the distance to the coastline and a stochastic residual described by an exponential variogram with a practical range of 3000 m. The mapping of the WQI scores and derived water quality classes is achieved through regression-kriging. The results indicate that the groundwater in a large area along the coastline is unsuitable for human consumption and comparison of the maps of 2009 and 2014 shows that this region further expanded by about 700 m inland in a period of 5 years. The results of this study are worrying, but they also contribute to a better understanding of the factors that determine the groundwater quality and can help authorities and stakeholders with sustainable development.

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Assessment of Groundwater Quality of Ilorin Metropolis using Water Quality Index Approach

Nigerian Journal of Technological Development ◽

10.4314/njtd.v12i1.4 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 18-21

Author(s):

JA Olatunji ◽

OA Odediran ◽

RI Obaro ◽

PI Olasehinde

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Water Quality Index ◽

Quality Index ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Total Hardness ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Index Approach ◽

Two Samples ◽

Total Dissolved Solid

Groundwater as a source of potable water is becoming more important in Nigeria. Therefore, the need to ascertain the continuing potability of the sources cannot be over emphasised. This study is aimed at assessing the quality of selected groundwater samples from Ilorin metropolis, Nigeria, using the water quality index (WQI) method. Twenty two water samples were collected, 10 samples from boreholes and 12 samples from hand dug wells. All these were analysed for their physico – chemical properties. The parameters used for calculating the water quality index include the following: pH, total hardness, total dissolved solid, calcium, fluoride, iron, potassium, sulphate, nitrate and carbonate. The water quality index for the twenty two samples ranged from 0.66 to 756.02 with an average of 80.77. Two of the samples exceeded 100, which is the upper limit for safe drinking water. The high values of WQI from the sampling locations are observed to be due to higher values of iron and fluoride. This study reveals that the investigated groundwaters are mostly potable and can be consumed without treatment. Nonetheless, the sources identified to be unsafe should be treated before consumption.KEYWORDS: groundwater, water quality index, potability, physico - chemical, parameter

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Assessment of Groundwater Quality for Drinking and Domestic Purposes through Local Survey and Water Quality Index in Vietnam

Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University ◽

10.35741/issn.0258-2724.56.2.8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 56 (2) ◽

pp. 83-93

Author(s):

Huynh The An ◽

Tran Thi Ngoc Bich ◽

Chen Yi-Ching ◽

Tran Thi Thu Hien

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Groundwater Quality ◽

Water Quality Index ◽

Quality Index ◽

Groundwater Resources ◽

Total Hardness ◽

Nitrate Content ◽

Physical Parameters ◽

Groundwater Exploitation ◽

Groundwater Samples

The quality of groundwater resources is increasingly declining, significantly affecting people’s life and health. The study aims to assess public perception on existing groundwater quality and scheme over conventionally used free groundwater. The contemporaneous analytical procedures applied to determine the concentration of physical parameters: total dissolved solids and total solids and chemical parameters: pH, nitrite (N-NO2-), nitrate (N- NO3-), ammonium (N-NH4+/ NH3), iron (FeII + III) and total hardness were collected for 30 drinking water well samples located in 5 Quarters (An Hoa, An Loi, Ben Don, Phu Hoa, and Phu Nghi) to calculate the water quality index. The results show that up to 96% of people still use groundwater as their main source of drinking, domestic purposes, although groundwater quality is showing a serious decline in quality. The low pH index ranges from 3.0 ÷ 4.5. On average, 3.5 ÷ 4.0 pH of groundwater samples are outside the permissible limit according to VN standards 09: 2015 (5.5 - 8.5), which makes the water acidic, which harmful to human health. Besides, 10% of groundwater samples had high nitrate content, and 6.67% of water samples had ammonium content that did not meet VN standards 09: 2015. The current state of groundwater quality is not good for cooking and drinking. The results will benefit future groundwater exploitation to support more evidence of water quality and deteriorate the water quality soon, ultimately proving to be disastrous for all living beings in the region.

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Irrigation groundwater quality based on hydrochemical analysis of Nandgaon block, Nashik district in Maharashtra

International Journal of Advanced Geosciences ◽

10.14419/ijag.v5i1.7116 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 1 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Kailash Aher ◽

Sharad Gaikwad

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Groundwater Quality ◽

Irrigation Water ◽

Water Quality Index ◽

Quality Index ◽

Shallow Aquifer ◽

Total Hardness ◽

Irrigation Water Quality ◽

Irrigation Water Quality Index

To identify the sources and quality of groundwater, the water samples were collected from 52 dug wells irrigation water in an area of 1089.82km2 and were analyses for pH, Conductivity, total dissolved solids, Calcium, Magnesium, Sodium, potassium, total hardness, Alkalinity (CO32−, HCO3−), sulphate, chloride, nitrate and fluoride to understand the (irrigation water quality index ) IWQI, The secondary parameters of irrigation groundwater quality indices such as Sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), Residual sodium carbonate (RSC), Kelley’s ratio (KR), Sodium soluble percent (SSP), Permeability index (PI),Magnesium adsorption ratio (MAR),and CRI (Corrosively ratio index) were calculated from the primary parameter for irrigation water quality index (IWQI). The IWQI was classified into excellent to unfit condition of groundwater quality based on their Water Quality Index (WQI). The IWQI (88%+12%) indicate that slightly unsustainable to good quality of ground water. But due to this quality deterioration of shallow aquifer, an immediate attestation requires for sustainable development.

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The Effect of Physical and Chemical Parameters on the Presence of Lompa Fish (Thryssa baelama Forsskål) in the Apui Coastal Waters of Central Maluku District

Jurnal Perikanan Universitas Gadjah Mada ◽

10.22146/jfs.28346 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 61 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Meillisa Carlen Mainassy

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Water Quality Index ◽

Quality Index ◽

Good Condition ◽

Environmental Water ◽

Coastal Areas ◽

Chemical Parameters ◽

Ex Post ◽

Physical And Chemical Parameters ◽

Physical And Chemical

Maluku is one of the archipelago province in Indonesia that has small pelagic fish resources with widespread distribution, such as lompa (Thryssa baelama Forsskål). One of lompa habitat in Mollucas is in Apui coastal areas. The presence of lompa depends on physical and chemical parameters in the waters. This study aims to determine the influence of physical and chemical parameters on the presence of lompa in Apui coastal area Central Mollucas. This study was conducted in June - July 2015. This research is ex-post facto using the value of Environmental Water Quality Index which refers to US-National Sanitation Foundation-Water Quality Index (NSF-WQI). Physical and chemical parameters measured include temperature, velocity, depth, brightness, salinity, pH and dissolved oxygen. The results of calculations with the Indeks Mutu Lingkungan Perairan (IMLP) are 95.61; 92,15; 88.61; 96,37; 93,76; 79.57. And the results of lompa fishing were 181, 162, 205, 173, 184, and 97 respectively. The research conclusion is that the Apui coastal areas are in good condition and potential as lompa habitat.

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Suitability Assessment of Groundwater Quality for Drinking Purpose by Physicochemical Characterization and Water Quality Index from Haveli Region, India

10.21523/gcj3.18020201 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 83-90 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Smitarani Lad ◽

Swati Mukherjee ◽

Bhavana Umrikar

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Groundwater Quality ◽

Water Quality Index ◽

Quality Index ◽

Physicochemical Characterization ◽

Total Hardness ◽

Prime Concern ◽

The Impact ◽

Drinking Purpose

The emulsification of major constituents in groundwater is accentuated to highlight the impact that is anticipated to be the prime concern due to depleting quality of this resource used for drinking purpose. In view of this, 53 groundwater samples of dug wells taping basaltic water table aquifer located in Haveli taluka adjoining Pune city of Maharashtra, India were collected and analyzed for major cations and anions to evaluate the suitability using water quality index (WQI). The parameters such as pH, Total Hardness (TH), Sodium (Na) and Sulphate (SO4) were assigned with weight 5 and the weight 1 considered as lowest level was assigned to Calcium (Ca++), Magnesium (Mg++), Potassium (K+), Carbonate (CO3--), Bicarbonate (HCO3-) and Phosphate (PO4) and observations were made to know the groundwater quality of the study area. Using these values, the WQI was calculated that revealed according to BIS standards 57% of samples falls in good category, and 43% samples in poor category, while according to WHO standards 38%, 57%, 6% were representing excellent, good and poor category, respectively.

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