scholarly journals COMPARISON OF TWO STAINING METHODS FOR ANODIZING IN ALLOY 6063 ALUMINUM PROFILES

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Carla PESSUTTO ◽  
◽  
Eliena JONKO
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Electron Microscopy Analysis ◽  
Staining Methods ◽  
Microscopy Analysis ◽  
Sulfate Salts ◽  
Strength Functions ◽  
Aluminum Alloy 6063 ◽  
Aluminum Profiles

Aluminum stands out for being a light, corrosion-resistant, and recyclable metal, achieving wide coverage in the market. When incorporated into alloying elements, it is possible to acquire other desirable characteristics. Alloy 6063, intended for architectural purposes, has aesthetic, structural, and strength functions. This study aims to compare two different staining methods on the surface of anodized profiles of aluminum alloy 6063. Anodized finishing is performed through an electrolytic process using sulfuric acid as an electrolyte to change the surface layer of the material, ensuring a more resistant aluminum oxide film than that formed naturally. For decorative purposes, the anodic film coloration can be performed by several methodologies, including, in this case, the coloration by organic adsorption, with the use of aniline, and the electrolytic coloration, composed of tin sulfate salts, both for obtaining the black color. To compare, neutral saline mist tests, scanning electron microscopy analysis, determination of the anodic layer thickness, and immersion tests with 3.5 percent sodium chloride for 1000 hours. The results obtained highlight that both were shown to be resistant to corrosion due to the fact that they do not present corrosion points when exposed to the neutral saline mist test for 600 hours. In the immersion tests, both remained resistant to sodium chloride. Because both methodologies present satisfactory results in all tests, the quality of the applied stains is ensured, and it is found that they are equivalent when the parameters discussed are used.

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF TWO STAINING METHODS FOR ANODIZING IN ALLOY 6063 ALUMINUM PROFILES

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (31) ◽  
pp. 21-36
Author(s):  
Ana Carla PESSUTTO ◽  
JONKO Eliena
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Anodic Film ◽  
Staining Methods ◽  
Sulfate Salts ◽  
Strength Functions ◽  
Aluminum Alloy 6063 ◽  
Aluminum Profiles ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Black Color

Background: Aluminum stands out for being a light, corrosion-resistant, and recyclable metal, achieving wide coverage in the market. When incorporated into alloying elements, it is possible to acquire other desirable characteristics. Alloy 6063, intended for architectural purposes, has aesthetic, structural, and strength functions. Anodized finishing is performed through an electrolytic process, ensuring a more resistant aluminum oxide film than that formed naturally. For decorative purposes, the anodic film coloration can be performed by several methodologies, in this case, for the coloration by organic adsorption, with the use of aniline, and the electrolytic coloration, composed of tin sulfate salts, both for obtaining the black color. Aim: Compare of two different staining methods on the surface of anodized profiles of aluminum alloy 6063. Methods: Profile samples were collected and tests were carried out to measure the thickness of the anodic layer, immersion tests with 3,5 percent sodium chloride, for 1000 hours, and neutral saline mist, for 600 hours. Results and Discussion: Both methodologies proved to be resistant to immersion tests with sodium chloride, as well as with neutral saline mist, and these tests are quite aggressive and provide corrosion of the material when not well treated. Corrosion points were only seen at the intersections performed, and in the rest of thearea, no points were detected. Conclusions: The result of both methodologies was positive, considering tht there was no corrosion in the tested samples, except in the intersections performed, as well as the maintenance of the color in both tested methodologies, which was not expected in the literature. For future work, it is suggested to deepen the study to perform electrochemical impedance spectroscopy tests for exaluate the strength of the anodic film and perform anodizing with the same parameters, however, with different anilines to analyze their behavior.

Determination of Relationship between Chemical Composition of Electrolyte and Surface Sample Quality

2015 ◽  
Vol 669 ◽  
pp. 150-157
Author(s):  
Peter Michal ◽  
Alena Vagaská ◽  
Miroslav Gombár
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Boric Acid ◽  
Oxide Layer ◽  
Surface Finish ◽  
Chemical Factors ◽  
Substrate Sample

Paper tracks experimentally confirmed relationship between chemical composition of electrolyte and resulting surface finish quality of created oxide layer during the process of anodic oxidation of aluminium. Examined chemical factors were: concentrations of sulphuric acid, oxalic acid, boric acid and sodium chloride. Aggressive effects of electrolyte were chosen as indicator of resulting layer quality – presence and extent of etching of used substrate sample.

scholarly journals Thermoresistive Properties of Graphite Platelet Films Supported by Different Substrates

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 3638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariano Palomba ◽  
Gianfranco Carotenuto ◽  
Angela Longo ◽  
Andrea Sorrentino ◽  
Antonio Di Bartolomeo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Area ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy Analysis ◽  
Graphene Layers ◽  
Glass Substrates ◽  
Thermal Expansion Coefficients ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Electron Microscopy Analysis ◽  
Microscopy Analysis ◽  
Interfacial Plane

Large-area graphitic films, produced by an advantageous technique based on spraying a graphite lacquer on glass and low-density polyethylene (LDPE) substrates were studied for their thermoresistive applications. The spray technique uniformly covered the surface of the substrate by graphite platelet (GP) unities, which have a tendency to align parallel to the interfacial plane. Transmission electron microscopy analysis showed that the deposited films were composed of overlapped graphite platelets of different thickness, ranging from a few tens to hundreds of graphene layers, and Raman measurements provided evidence for a good graphitic quality of the material. The GP films deposited on glass and LDPE substrates exhibited different thermoresistive properties during cooling–heating cycles in the −40 to +40 °C range. Indeed, negative values of the temperature coefficient of resistance, ranging from −4 × 10−4 to −7 × 10−4 °C−1 have been observed on glass substrates, while positive values varying between 4 × 10−3 and 8 × 10−3 °C−1 were measured when the films were supported by LDPE. These behaviors were attributed to the different thermal expansion coefficients of the substrates. The appreciable thermoresistive properties of the graphite platelet films on LDPE could be useful for plastic electronic applications.

scholarly journals Laser Finishing of Ti6Al4V Additive Manufactured Parts by Electron Beam Melting

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 183
Author(s):  
Silvio Genna ◽  
Gianluca Rubino
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Electron Beam Melting ◽  
Continuous Wave ◽  
Laser Energy ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Surface Finishing ◽  
Electron Microscopy Analysis ◽  
Microscopy Analysis ◽  
Reduced Surface

In this work, the feasibility of laser surface finishing of parts obtained by additive manufacturing (AM) was investigated. To this end, a 450 W fiber laser (operating in continuous wave, CW) was adopted to treat the surface of Ti-6Al-4V samples obtained via electron beam melting (EBM). During the tests, different laser energy densities and scanning speeds were used. In order to assess the quality of the treatment, either the as-built or the treated samples were analyzed by means of a three-dimensional (3D) profilometer, digital microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to check which and how process parameters affected the finishing. The results show that, in the best conditions, the laser treatment reduced surface roughness by about 80%.

Pico-Second Laser and Broad Argon Beam Tools for Characterization of Advanced Packaged Devices

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Wang ◽  
C. Spence ◽  
S. Coyle ◽  
J. Hunt ◽  
M. Hassel Shearer
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Front Side ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Mechanical Preparation ◽  
Electron Microscopy Analysis ◽  
Microscopy Analysis ◽  
Preparation Techniques

Abstract In this paper, a workflow consisting of a pico-second laser tool followed by a broad argon beam tool is proposed as a solution for extremely large area preparation with surfaces suitable for SEM and FIB based analysis directly after polishing in the broad argon beam tool. Results are presented discussing the advantages of this workflow in terms of speed, size and quality of the surface for electron microscopy analysis. The use of the broad argon beam tool to complete the process produces near perfect interfaces especially compared to mechanical preparation techniques on the multilayers with vastly different properties found in advanced packages. Additionally, the tool can be used for backside thinning and reducing front side delayering.

Material analysis techniques using the ion mill

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 1034-1035
Author(s):  
J. P. Benedict ◽  
R. M. Anderson ◽  
S. J. Klepeis
Keyword(s):  
Polished Surface ◽  
Surface Material ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Material Analysis ◽  
Optical Inspection ◽  
Electron Microscopy Analysis ◽  
Microscopy Analysis ◽  
Argon Ions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Scanning Electron

Ion mills equipped with flood guns can perform two important functions in material analysis; they can either remove material or deposit material. The ion mill holder shown in Fig. 1 is used to remove material from the polished surface of a sample for further optical inspection or SEM ( Scanning Electron Microscopy ) analysis. The sample is attached to a pohshing stud type SEM mount and placed in the ion mill holder with the polished surface of the sample pointing straight up, as shown in Fig 2. As the holder is rotating in the ion mill, Argon ions from the flood gun are directed down at the top of the sample. The impact of Argon ions against the surface of the sample causes some of the surface material to leave the sample at a material dependent, nonuniform rate. As a result, the polished surface will begin to develop topography during milling as fast sputtering materials leave behind depressions in the polished surface.

Tingkat Pemahaman Kompetensi Guru Pada Mahasiswa Pendidikan Geografi Sebagai Calon Guru Geografi

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-117
Author(s):  
Novia Zalmita ◽  
Muhajirah Muhajirah ◽  
Abdul Wahab Abdi
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Teachers ◽  
Prospective Teacher ◽  
Quantitative Description ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Geography Education ◽  
Teacher Competence ◽  
Education Department ◽  
Long Time

One that influences human resource indicators is education. The teacher is a profession as a job of academic specialization in a relatively long time in college. Understanding related to teacher competence is very important to have by a prospective teacher because it can affect the quality of performance as a professional teacher. The teacher's competence is known as pedagogic, professional, social and personality competencies. The issue in this study is how the competency of the teacher of the Department of Geography Education FKIP Unsyiah as a prospective teacher of geography? The purpose of this study was to determine the competence of teachers in the Department of Geography Education FKIP Unsyiah as prospective geography teachers. Quantitative description approach is used in this study to find answers to the issue. The population in this study were students of the Department of Geography Education FKIP Unsyiah class of 2015 and 2016 who had been declared to have passed the Micro Teaching and Magang Kependidikan 3 course totaling 50 people. Because the population is small and can be reached, the determination of the sample using total sampling techniques so that the sample in this study is the whole population. Data collection is done by distributing test questions to respondents. The data was analyzed using the descriptive statistics percentage formula. The results of the study indicate that the level of teacher competence of Geography Education Department students as prospective teachers is in the moderate category, namely as many as 22 respondents (44%). A total of 12 respondents (24%) were in the high category, 15 respondents (30%) were in the low category and 1 respondent (2%) were in the very low category.

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