scholarly journals THE CHEMICAL AND MEDICINAL POTENTIALS OF THE FRUIT ESSENTIAL OIL OF Chrysophyllum cainito (INDIA STAR APPLE)

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (23) ◽  
pp. 37-47
Author(s):  
O. O. Ogunmola ◽  
O. S. Bolaji ◽  
A. Sodamade
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Octadecenoic Acid ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Pentadecanoic Acid ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Compositional Profile ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Chrysophyllum Cainito

Chrysophyllum cainito is a lesser-known fruit with several medicinal applications. The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation and was analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, GC/GC-MS. Twenty components were identified in the essential oil, the oil was characterized by a high proportion of fatty acids (69.37%) represented by pyruvic acid, 10-hendecenoic acid, E-9-tetradecenoic acid, pentadecanoic acid, hexodecacanoic acid, and cis-9-octadecenoic acid. The oil yield was 0.19 v/w of the wet sample and its compositional profile showed markedly qualitative and quantitative variation with essential oil from Cuba. This essential oil was seen to be active against gram-positive bacteria, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Samonella typhimurium, and Proteus mirabilis, and also gram-negative bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus agalactia.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Activity of the Essential Oil of Espeletia nana

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1200700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexis Peña ◽  
Luis Rojas ◽  
Rosa Aparicio ◽  
Libia Alarcón ◽  
José Gregorio Baptista ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria

The essential oil of the leaves of Espeletia nana Cuatrec, obtained by hydrodistillation, was analyzed by GC-MS, which allowed the identification of 24 components, which made up 99.9% of the oil. The most abundant compounds were α-pinene (38.1%), β-pinene (17.2%), myrcene (15.0%), spathulenol (4.2%), bicyclogermacrene (4.0%), α-zingiberene (4.0%), and γhimachalene (3.7%). Antibacterial activity was tested against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria using the agar disk diffusion method. Activity was observed only against Gram-positive bacteria. MIC values were determined for Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923(200 μg/mL) and Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 (600 μg/mL).

scholarly journals Determination of Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Melaleuca cajuputi Essential Oil from Quang Tri Province, Vietnam

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (9) ◽  
pp. 2203-2207
Author(s):  
TRAN QUOC TOAN ◽  
LAI PHUONG PHUONG THAO ◽  
NGUYEN QUYET CHIEN ◽  
NGUYEN THI HONG VAN ◽  
ÐOAN LAN PHUONG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Batch Process ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Melaleuca Cajuputi ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Bactericidal Agent

The essential oil of Melaleuca cajuputi was obtained by hydrodistillation method. This work aims to adopt water as a solvent in a batch process to extract essential oil from Melaleuca cajuputi fresh leaves. The leaves are collected from Quang Tri Province, Vietnam. Analysis of constituents was performed by GC/MS. The maximum yield ranged from 0.6 to 0.7%. Several compounds have been identified in high quantities and meaningful qualitative and quantitative differences have been observed under different conditions. The main components of the M. cajuputi essential oil included eucalyptol (27.512%), γ-terpinene (8.59%), terpinolene (9.047%), β-eudesmene (3.359%), α- selinene (3.889%), α-terpineol (4.108%), 1R-α-pinene (2.158%), caryophyllene (6.48%) and α-caryophyllene (3.522%). This study has confirmed that the essential oil of M. cajuputi essential oil is a promising bactericidal agent on several Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition and in vitro Antimicrobial Activity of the Essential Oil of the Flowers of Tridax procumbens

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1200700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajesh K. Joshi ◽  
Vijaylaxmi Badakar
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Flame Ionization ◽  
Tridax Procumbens

The essential oil of the flowers of Tridax procumbens L. was obtained by hydro-distillation and analyzed by gas chromatography equipped with a flame ionization detector (GC-FID) and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Twenty-six compounds were identified, which comprised 90.6% of the total constituents. The most abundant compound was ( Z)-falcarinol (25.9%), followed by α-selinene (15.3%), limonene (8.3%) and zerumbone (4.3%). Antimicrobial activity was tested against six Gram-positive and eight Gram-negative bacteria, and three fungi. The oil was active against the tested Gram-positive bacteria at a concentration range of 0.14 ± 0.03 - 0.57±0.05 mg/mL, while 0.67 ± 0.12 - 4.58 ± 0.41 mg/mL was effective against the studied Gram-negative bacteria. Remarkable antifungal activity was found against the tested fungi at a concentration range of 0.06 ± 0.008 - 0.10 ± 0.01 mg/mL.

scholarly journals Liquid and Vapour Phase of Lavandin (Lavandula × intermedia) Essential Oil: Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (15) ◽  
pp. 2701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefania Garzoli ◽  
Giovanni Turchetti ◽  
Pierluigi Giacomello ◽  
Antonio Tiezzi ◽  
Valentina Laghezza Masci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Vapour Phase ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Linalyl Acetate ◽  
Lazio Region ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Minor Compounds

Essential oils from Lavandula genus and the obtained hybrids are widely used for different purposes such as perfume production in the cosmetic field and for its biological properties. This is the first study on the liquid and vapour phase of Lavandula × intermedia “Grosso” essential oil grown in the Lazio Region, Italy, investigated using headspace coupled to gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (HS-GC/MS). The results showed the most abundant components were linalool and linalyl acetate, followed by 1,8-cineole and terpinen-4-ol, while lavandulyl acetate and borneol were identified as minor compounds, maintaining the same proportion in both the liquid and vapour phase. Furthermore, we tested lavandin liquid and vapour phase essential oil on gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter bohemicus, and Pseudomonas fluorescens) and gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus cereus and Kocuria marina).

scholarly journals Chemical composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant potential of the essential oil of Guarea kunthiana A. Juss

2017 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Pandini ◽  
F. G. S. Pinto ◽  
M. C. Scur ◽  
C. B. Santana ◽  
W. F. Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Antioxidant Potential ◽  
General Point ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method

Abstract The essential oils are extracted from plant compounds and can present activities antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. The goals of the present study were: (a) to determine the chemical composition of the essential oil of Guarea kunthiana A. Juss using the method of gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS); (b) to evaluate the antimicrobial potential of this oil using the broth microdilution method against different microorganisms: five Gram-negative bacteria, four Gram-positive bacteria and a yeast and (c) to determine the antioxidant activity of the oil using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) free radical assay. The GC-MS analyses allowed identifying 13 constituents, representing 96.52% of the essencial oil composition. The main compounds identified were α-zingiberene (34.48%), β-sesquiphellandrene (22.90%), and α-curcumene (16.17%). With respect to the antimicrobial activity, the essential oil was effective against all the microorganisms tested, except for the bacteria E. coli and K. pneumoniae, which were resistant to the action of the oil. From a general point of view, Gram-positive bacteria were more susceptible to the action of the essential oil than Gram-negative bacteria. The essential oil exhibited antioxidant potential.

scholarly journals Study on Antibacterial Activity of Common Spices

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 312-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinesh Maharjan ◽  
Anjana Singh ◽  
Binod Lekhak ◽  
Shaila Basnyat ◽  
Lekhnath S Gautam
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Minimal Bactericidal Concentration ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Methanol Extracts ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Medicinal Value ◽  
Common Spices

Spices have been shown to possess medicinal value, in particular, antimicrobial activity. They are used as householdmedicines as well as preservatives of food materials. This study compares the sensitivity of some human pathogenicbacteria to various spice extracts viz. essential oils, acetone and methanol extracts by agar well diffusion method.Of the different spices tested clove, ajowan and cinnamon were found to possess relatively higher antimicrobialactivities. Essential oil of cinnamon showed broad spectrum of inhibition against all tested bacteria while essentialoil of ajowan and clove inhibited 90% and 70% bacteria respectively. Acetone and methanol extracts of cloveshowed better antibacterial activity among the spices. The MBC value ranged from 0.39 to 25mg/ml. The lowestMBC (minimal bactericidal concentration) value was given by essential oil of cinnamon against E.coli, S. aureusand S. Typhi. Gram positive bacteria were found to be more sensitive to spices than Gram negative bacteria. Spices might have a great potential to be used as antimicrobial agents.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v12i0.6518 Nepal Journal of Science and Technology 12 (2011) 312-317 

scholarly journals Phytochemical characterization, and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of essential oil from leaves of the common sage Salvia officinalis L. from Abha, Saudi Arabia

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 261-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atef El Jery ◽  
Mudassir Hasan ◽  
Md Mamoon Rashid ◽  
Mohammed Khaloofah Al Mesfer ◽  
Mohd Danish ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Salvia Officinalis ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
The Common

AbstractBackgroundThe composition and activities of essential oil of common sage from Saudi Arabia have not yet been reported.ObjectivesTo analyze the composition and antibacterial and antioxidant activities of essential oil from leaves of the common sage Salvia officinalis L. from Abha, Saudi Arabia.MethodsEssential oil was extracted from the leaves of S. officinalis by hydrodistillation, and its composition was analyzed using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Phenolics and flavonoids were determined using gallic acid and quercetin standards. Antioxidant activity was determined using a 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging method. Activity against various gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria was determined by disk diffusion and microdilution.ResultsThe yield of essential oil was 3.24 ± 0.55% (w/dry weight). Major compounds identified were camphor (20.3%), 1,8-cineole (15.0%), α-thujone (14.9%), viridiflorol (9.9%), carvone (6.2%), and β-thujone (5.7%). Phenolic content was 134.3 ± 17.61 μg/mL and flavonoid content was 119.5 ± 18.75 μg/mL. Antioxidant IC50 was 970 ± 5.5 μg/mL. The highest gram-positive antibacterial activity was for Bacillus subtilis and the highest gram-negative activity was for Escherichia coli. Minimum inhibitory concentrations ranged from 62.2 ± 3.9 to 1398.1 ± 50.7 μg/mL for gram-positive bacteria and from 323.4 ± 69.5 to 968.4 ± 120.6 μg/mL for gram-negative bacteria. Minimum bactericidal concentrations ranged from 120.3 ± 7.6 to 1387.4 ± 161.8 μg/mL for gram-positive bacteria and from 386 ± 8.3 to 1225.2 ± 100.9 μg/mL for gram-negative bacteria.ConclusionsEssential oil of S. officinalis L. from Abha, Saudi Arabia, showed compositional, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties generally consistent with essential oil of S. officinalis L. from other locations as reported in the literature.

scholarly journals Extraction and Study of the Essential Oil of Copal (Dacryodes peruviana), an Amazonian Fruit with the Highest Yield Worldwide

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1658
Author(s):  
Eduardo Valarezo ◽  
Santiago Ojeda-Riascos ◽  
Luis Cartuche ◽  
Nathaly Andrade-González ◽  
Inés González-Sánchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Moderate Activity ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Natural Sources ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Dried Fruits ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Ecuadorian Amazon

Essential oils are highly demanded substances worldwide. They can be used without modification due to their different chemical and biological properties or as natural sources of chemical compounds. The limit in the use of these metabolites is their low yield. In the present investigation, the essential oil of fruits from Dacryodes peruviana collected in the Ecuadorian Amazon was extracted and studied. The essential oil was released from the plant matrix and isolated by hydrodistillation. The yields obtained were 4.8 ± 0.2% and 11.3 ± 0.2% for fresh and dried fruits, respectively, one of the highest yields on record to date. Twenty-five chemical compounds were identified by GC/MS and GC/FID techniques. The principal constituent was α-phellandrene, with 50.32 ± 3.32%. The antimicrobial activity of the oil was assayed against five Gram negative bacteria, two Gram positive bacteria and two fungi. The essential oil exerted a moderate activity against Staphylococcus aureus. The repellent activity of the oil was assayed against mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae); the samples with 3%, 2% and 1% essential oil were class 4, and the sample with 0.5% showed to be class 3. The essential oil showed a weak antioxidant activity through the DPPH and ABTS methods.

Rapid demonstration of septic or infectious arthritis due to Gram-negative bacteria

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 686-687
Author(s):  
Jacob S. Hanker ◽  
Paul R. Gross ◽  
Beverly L. Giammara
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Arthritis ◽  
Blood Cultures ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Infectious Arthritis ◽  
Bacterial Arthritis ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria

Blood cultures are positive in approximately only 50 per cent of the patients with nongonococcal bacterial infectious arthritis and about 20 per cent of those with gonococcal arthritis. But the concept that gram-negative bacteria could be involved even in chronic arthritis is well-supported. Gram stains are more definitive in staphylococcal arthritis caused by gram-positive bacteria than in bacterial arthritis due to gram-negative bacteria. In the latter situation where gram-negative bacilli are the problem, Gram stains are helpful for 50% of the patients; they are only helpful for 25% of the patients, however, where gram-negative gonococci are the problem. In arthritis due to gram-positive Staphylococci. Gramstained smears are positive for 75% of the patients.

Antibacterial activity of magnesium oxide nanoparticles prepared by Calcination method

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaf Ayad Kadhem ◽  
Miaad Hamzah Zghair ◽  
Sarah , Hussam H. Tizkam, Shoeb Alahmad Salih Mahdi ◽  
Hussam H. Tizkam ◽  
Shoeb Alahmad
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Magnesium Oxide ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Agar Disc

magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO NPs) were prepared by simple wet chemical method using different calcination temperatures. The prepared NPs were characterized by Electrostatic Discharge (ESD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). It demonstrates sharp intensive peak with the increase of crystallinty and increase of the size with varying morphologies with respect to increase of calcination temperature. Antibacterial studies were done on gram negative bacteria (E.coli) and gram positive bacteria (S.aureus) by agar disc diffusion method. The zones of inhibitions were found larger for gram positive bacteria than gram negative bacteria, this mean, antibacterial MgO NPs activity more active on gram positive bacteria than gram negative bacteria because of the structural differences. It was found that antibacterial activity of MgO NPs was found it has directly proportional with their concentration.

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