scholarly journals CO2 emission allowances and their interacion with economic and energy factors in the European Union

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 182-195
Author(s):  
María Botey Fullat ◽  
Pedro Arias Martín ◽  
Silverio Alarcón
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Var Models ◽  
Economic Variables ◽  
Energy Factors ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Estimation Of Time ◽  
Baltic Dry Index ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Actual Price

Analysis of emission allowances prices has important environmental and political connotations. This article aimed to identifying the possible variables that may influence their behaviour and studied their relationship with fundamental factors: energy (Brent petroleum, Gas, Coal) and economy (Industrial Production Index, Baltic Dry Index, Purchasing Managers Index). With the objective of analyzing possible mutual interactions, Multivariate VAR or Error Correction Models (VECM), were applied. The information analysed derived from different sources (World Bank, Sendeco2 and various financial websites). The results obtained showed, not only the influence of past prices on the emission allowances actual price, but also the interaction with energetic and economic variables. Highlights Estimation of time series interrelations through VAR models. There is relationship of the emission allowances price with their past values. The energy variables are factors important to also explain the behavior of the emission allowances price. The economic variables are hardly significant except for the Dry Baltic Index.

IMF, World Bank, and the European Union With the Perspective of New Institutional Economics

2020 ◽  
pp. 217-238
Author(s):  
Havanur Ergün Tatar
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Institutional Economics ◽  
Institutional Quality ◽  
New Institutional Economics ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Institutional Determinants ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

According to New Institutional Economics, the GDP per capita has significantly improved in the countries where the institutional quality has been improved. In addition to this information, the increase in the quality of institutional determinants has positive effect on economic performance. In this chapter, after the structures of IMF, World Bank, and European Union have been discussed, the governance debate will be made on the aforementioned institutional. Concepts about new institutional economics are discussed, as are the improvement of institutional quality and the relationship of economic development within the frame of IMF, World Bank, and European Union.

scholarly journals CO2 Intensities and Primary Energy Factors in the Future European Electricity System

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 2165
Author(s):  
Sam Hamels
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Conversion Factor ◽  
Unit Commitment ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Electricity System ◽  
Energy Factors ◽  
Electrical Loads

The European Union strives for sharp reductions in both CO2 emissions as well as primary energy use. Electricity consuming technologies are becoming increasingly important in this context, due to the ongoing electrification of transport and heating services. To correctly evaluate these technologies, conversion factors are needed—namely CO2 intensities and primary energy factors (PEFs). However, this evaluation is hindered by the unavailability of a high-quality database of conversion factor values. Ideally, such a database has a broad geographical scope, a high temporal resolution and considers cross-country exchanges of electricity as well as future evolutions in the electricity mix. In this paper, a state-of-the-art unit commitment economic dispatch model of the European electricity system is developed and a flow-tracing technique is innovatively applied to future scenarios (2025–2040)—to generate such a database and make it publicly available. Important dynamics are revealed, including an overall decrease in conversion factor values as well as considerable temporal variability at both the seasonal and hourly level. Furthermore, the importance of taking into account imports and carefully considering the calculation methodology for PEFs are both confirmed. Future estimates of the CO2 emissions and primary energy use associated with individual electrical loads can be meaningfully improved by taking into account these dynamics.

scholarly journals Motility activity, slime production, biofilm formation and genetic typing by ERIC-PCR for Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from bovine and other sources (human and environment)

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 321-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Wolska ◽  
P. Szweda ◽  
K. Lada ◽  
E. Rytel ◽  
K. Gucwa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Twitching Motility ◽  
Phenotypic Properties ◽  
Biofilm Production ◽  
Abiotic Surfaces ◽  
Hospital Patients ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Initial Biofilm ◽  
Different Sources

AbstractThe molecular-typing strategy, ERIC-PCR was used in an attempt to determine the genomic relationship of 28 P. aeruginosa strains isolated from faeces of healthy bovine, bovine mastitis and from faeces of hospital patients as well as from environment. ERIC-PCR fingerprinting revealed large molecular differentiation within this group of isolates. Twenty two out of 28 strains tested generated unique patterns of DNA bands and only three genotypes consisted of two isolates each were identified. We also tested the P. aeruginosa isolates for their ability to form a biofilm on abiotic surfaces including polyvinylchloride and polystyrene. Different biofilm-forming abilities were demonstrated among strains; however, most of them (64.3%) showed moderate-biofilm forming ability. The strains with increased swimming and twitching motility displayed elevated biofilm formation. However, a negative correlation was found between slime and initial biofilm production. On the basis of the results obtained, we suggest that there are no major differences in phenotypic properties between P. aeruginosa strains isolated from different sources

Monitoring and assessment of an oil spill event with very high resolution tools. 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana M. Mancho ◽  
Guillermo García-Sánchez ◽  
Antonio G. Ramos ◽  
Josep Coca ◽  
Begoña Pérez-Gómez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
In Situ Observation ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Horizon 2020 ◽  
Research And Innovation ◽  
Port Authorities ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Very High

<p>This presentation discusses a downstream application from Copernicus Services, developed in the framework of the IMPRESSIVE project, for the monitoring of  the oil spill produced after the crash of the ferry “Volcan de Tamasite” in waters of the Canary Islands on the 21<sup>st</sup> of April 2017. The presentation summarizes the findings of [1] that describe a complete monitoring of the diesel fuel spill, well-documented by port authorities. Complementary information supplied by different sources enhances the description of the event. We discuss the performance of very high resolution hydrodynamic models in the area of the Port of Gran Canaria and their ability for describing the evolution of this event. Dynamical systems ideas support the comparison of different models performance. Very high resolution remote sensing products and in situ observation validate the description.</p><p>Authors acknowledge support from IMPRESSIVE a project funded by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 821922. SW acknowledges the support of ONR Grant No. N00014-01-1-0769</p><p><strong>References</strong></p><p>[1] G.García-Sánchez, A. M. Mancho, A. G. Ramos, J. Coca, B. Pérez-Gómez, E. Álvarez-Fanjul, M. G. Sotillo, M. García-León, V. J. García-Garrido, S. Wiggins. Very High Resolution Tools for the Monitoring and Assessment of Environmental Hazards in Coastal Areas.  Front. Mar. Sci. (2021) doi: 10.3389/fmars.2020.605804.</p>

The impact of the ESA 2010 on statistics of the general government sector

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (11) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Olga Leszczyńska-Luberek
Keyword(s):  
The European Union ◽  
Government Sector ◽  
General Government ◽  
European System ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Methodological Guidelines ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Excessive Deficit Procedure

The author presents the importance of the new European System of National and Regional Accounts (ESA 2010) for statistics of the general government sector. She pays particular attention to the development of data for the excessive deficit procedure. The article explains the methodological changes made to the studies in this field parallel to the ESA 2010. It discusses, among others, issues related to defining the deficit and debt of the general government, as well as the determination of a new way registering transfer of liabilities of pension schemes. It also presents the impact of new methodological guidelines for the relationship of deficit and debt to GDP in the Member States of the European Union.

The ‘Pillared-Privatisation’ of Pension Provision in the European Union: The Case of the United Kingdom

2002 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Ring ◽  
Roddy McKinnon
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
World Bank ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Means Testing ◽  
The Road ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Uk ◽  
National Governments

Across the European Union, national governments are re-assessing the institutional mechanisms through which pension provision is delivered. This articles sets the debate within the wider context of the ‘pillared’ structural analysis often adopted by international institutions when discussing pensions reform. It then sets out a detailed discussion of developments in the UK, arguing that the UK is moving towards a model of reform akin to that promoted by the World Bank – referred to here as ‘pillared-privatisation’. The themes of this model indicate more means-testing, greater private provision, and a shift of the burden of risk from the government to individuals. An assessment is then made of the implications of UK developments for other EU countries. It is suggested that while there are strong reasons to think that other countries will not travel as far down the road of ‘pillared-privatisation’ as the UK, this should not be taken as a ‘given’.

scholarly journals Predicting epidemics using search engine data: a comparative study on measles in the largest countries of Europe

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Loukas Samaras ◽  
Miguel-Angel Sicilia ◽  
Elena García-Barriocanal
Keyword(s):  
Competent Authority ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Google Trends ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The One ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Official Data

Abstract Background In recent years new forms of syndromic surveillance that use data from the Internet have been proposed. These have been developed to assist the early prediction of epidemics in various cases and diseases. It has been found that these systems are accurate in monitoring and predicting outbreaks before these are observed in population and, therefore, they can be used as a complement to other methods. In this research, our aim is to examine a highly infectious disease, measles, as there is no extensive literature on forecasting measles using Internet data, Methods This research has been conducted with official data on measles for 5 years (2013–2018) from the competent authority of the European Union (European Center of Disease and Prevention - ECDC) and data obtained from Google Trends by using scripts coded in Python. We compared regression models forecasting the development of measles in the five countries. Results Results show that measles can be estimated and predicted through Google Trends in terms of time, volume and the overall spread. The combined results reveal a strong relationship of measles cases with the predicted cases (correlation coefficient R= 0.779 in two-tailed significance p< 0.01). The mean standard error was relatively low 45.2 (12.19%) for the combined results. However, major differences and deviations were observed for countries with a relatively low impact of measles, such as the United Kingdom and Spain. For these countries, alternative models were tested in an attempt to improve the results. Conclusions The estimation of measles cases from Google Trends produces acceptable results and can help predict outbreaks in a robust and sound manner, at least 2 months in advance. Python scripts can be used individually or within the framework of an integrated Internet surveillance system for tracking epidemics as the one addressed here.

scholarly journals Empirical Relationship of Exchange Rate with Inflation, International Trade and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Pakistan’s Economy

2019 ◽  
pp. 171-182
Author(s):  
Erum Khushnood Zahid Shaikh ◽  
Zahid H. Channa ◽  
Mehwish Bhutto
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Empirical Relationship ◽  
Exchange Rate Policy ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Economic Variables ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
The Exchange Rate ◽  
Relationship Of

In the modern world, the exchange rate plays an important role in measuring the strength of country’s economy in global economic conditions. An exchange rate is an important tool for controlling various macro-economic variables, and it is itself affected by different macro-economic variables. Pakistan is a developing country of the world and its unstable economy faces high variability in the exchange rate or devaluation of the domestic currency. Therefore, this study investigates the relationship of an exchange rate with selected macro-economic variables (i.e. import, GDP, Inflation & export), with a special focus on Pakistan’s economy. It also aims at finding out the degree of strength at which selected independent variables to leave a significant impact on the exchange rate in the economy of Pakistan (i.e. during the period of 1992 to 2017). For this secondary database study, data extracted from official website of World Bank, State Bank of Pakistan and Economic Surveys of Pakistan. Multiple regression models were used to measure the empirical impact of selected independent variables on exchange rate. Findings show that the Import and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) have a significant negative impact on exchange rate whereas, export and inflation have a significant positive impact on the exchange rate in the economy of Pakistan. The study recommends that the Government of Pakistan should adapt to make its exchange rate policy more effective through high production, more export with a reduction of import and price stability.

scholarly journals THE AGGLUTINATION REACTIONS OF THE MORGAN BACILLUS NO. 1

1919 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 531-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. J. Kligler
Keyword(s):  
Specific Relationship ◽  
Antigenic Properties ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Different Sources

The study of the cultural and agglutinating reactions of seventeen strains of Morgan bacilli is reported. The cultures were obtained from different sources. Culturally all the strains were identical. Antigenically they were highly diversified. The sera produced against some strains have marked agglutinating power for other strains, but absorption tests showed that the cross-agglutinations were often due to group agglutinins. While no conclusion can be drawn regarding the pathogenic significance of this bacillus, the wide diversities of antigenic properties raise the question as to the specific relationship of the various cultures met with as well as their relation to a definite class of pathological processes in man.

Internationalising Arts, Gaining Visibility: Internationalisation of the National Art Gallery through the Promulgation of the Malayan Identity and Commonwealth Ideals

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Sarena Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Art Gallery ◽  
Exhibition History ◽  
International Visibility ◽  
History Of ◽  
Commonwealth Institute ◽  
British Commonwealth ◽  
Post War ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Different Sources

Abstract The early history of the Malaysian National Art Gallery has been thoroughly elucidated through many different sources but its role as promoter of Malaysia’s art in the first ten years of its early formation have never been critically examined. This paper will trace the transnational relationship of the National Art Gallery through its exhibitions co-organised with the Commonwealth Institute in London within the larger context of the post-World War II period and the British decolonisation in Malaya. This paper will situate and contextualise its research on Malaya’s early exhibition history on multiculturalism and the Malayan identity framework, and later draw the link and connection between the Commonwealth Institute and the context of its establishment in Britain and the establishment of the National Art Gallery in Malaya. Subsequently, this paper will trace and demonstrate the importance of these early exhibitions to be understood in the larger context of (a) the need to exert international visibility during the period of Confrontation and (b) the exhibition as a platform that mooted the Malayan identity that aligns with the core values and principles of the Commonwealth. As such, this paper demonstrates that the transnational relations between the National Art Gallery and the Commonwealth Institute in the realm of Malaysia’s exhibition history must be analysed in tandem with the issues that are faced by a new British Commonwealth country, i.e., Malaysia during the immediate post-war period.

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