Water loss and chemical composition of cactus pear genotypes submitted to post-harvest storage periods

The objective of this study was to evaluate water loss and chemical composition of cactus pear genotypes submitted to post-harvest storage periods. The experimental design adopted was a the completely randomized, in a 3 × 5 factorial arrangement, with three cactus pear genotypes and five storage periods, and ten replications. The cactus pear genotypes [Doce, Baiana and Orelha de Elefante Mexicana (OEM)] were harvested after 2 years of cultivation under rainfed conditions, and stored in a ventilated shed (0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 days). The genotype Baiana showed greater water reduction in the stored cladodes when compared to the other genotypes. All cactus pear genotypes showed reduction in crude protein and carbohydrates in the storage period of 60 days. There were no losses of nutrients, dry matter and ether extract during the storage periods for the genotype Doce. There was increase in the fiber content of the cladodes of all stored genotypes. During the storage period of the cladodes of all genotypes, there was reduction in the contents of Ca, Mg and Cu. The cactus pear genotypes Doce and OEM can be stored for up to 60 days after harvest. Highlights: • Cactus is also considered a strategic forage reserve and, in this case, the frequency of cutting can vary according to the producer's needs and weather conditions.• Post-harvest storage can be an alternative to reduce costs, as well as transporting the material.• The variety Doce Baiana showed greater water loss in relation to the other varieties.

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Potential degradation and colonization time of ruminal microorganisms on the particles of different oilseeds-crushed, and its chemical composition

Bioscience Journal ◽

10.14393/bj-v37n0a2021-48122 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 37 ◽

pp. e37001

Author(s):

Rafael Henrique de Tonissi Buschinelli de Goes ◽

Kennyson Alves de Souza ◽

Milene Puntel Osmari ◽

Thiago José de Lira Cardoso ◽

Raquel Tenório de Oliveira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

The Other ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Ether Extract ◽

Colonization Time

This study was carried out to evaluate by-product of the biodiesel industry as canola, safflower, forage turnip, and soybean crushed on the chemical composition, in situ degradability, and colonization time. Canola (Brassica napus L. var. oleifera), safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.), forage turnip (Raphanus stivus L. var. oleiferus Metzg), and soybean (Glycine max) grains went through the oil extraction process by means of a cold pressing, resulting in the oilseeds-crushed. The treatments identification included: CAN – Canola crushed; SAF – Safflower crushed; TUR – Forage turnip crushed; and SOY – Soybean crushed. The oilseed-crushed treatments were quantified about mineral (calcium, magnesium, copper, iron, manganese, zinc, phosphorus and potassium), chemical composition (dry matter, ash, organic matter, crude protein, ether extract, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, total carbohydrates, non-fibrous carbohydrates, and total digestible nutrient contents), In situ degradability, and colonization time. Magnesium, phosphorus, and zinc showed the greater values for TUR treatment 3.46, 27.4, 39.8, respectively, when compared to the other oilseed-crushed treatments. The TUR treatment had the lowest organic matter, whereas had the greater (p≤0.05; TUR and SOY treatments) for the non-fibrous carbohydrates. Ether extract was not affected (p>0.05) with the different oilseed-crushed treatments. Neutral detergent fiber was affected (p≤0.05) for CAN and SAF treatments with the greater values, 344 and 500 g/kg of dry matter, respectively. Soluble and potentially degradable fractions for SAF treatment showed similar results. Whereas the constant rate of degradation, presented the lowest value when compared to the other treatments. Effective degradability of crude protein was greater for CAN 63.2% than SOY 65.9% treatment, which had the lowest value. Potential degradability of crude protein did not differ between treatments. Colonization time for dry matter and crude protein were similar between TUR and SOY treatments. In conclusion, oilseeds-crushed from the biodiesel production can be targeted/used, as feed with great protein and energetic potential in the ruminant’s production, considering the need of correct formulation and ingredients knowledge.

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Studies of the effects of manuring and season on the yield and chemical composition of the cattle cabbage

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600022516 ◽

1960 ◽

Vol 55 (2) ◽

pp. 165-173 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

D. J. C. Jones

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Growing Season ◽

Chemical Components ◽

Dry Matter Yield ◽

Ether Extract ◽

Crude Fibre ◽

Phosphorus And Potassium

1. Ten manurial treatments were applied annually to cattle cabbage grown in a six-course rotation for 7 years. Samples were taken in the early winter each year, and from five harvests taken at fortnightly intervals in the last year.2. The dry-matter yields each year closely followed the weather conditions during the growing season. There was no significant fall in the dry-matter yield during the last season. The treatments supplying phosphorus or phosphorus and potassium substantially increased yield, but the application of nitrogen did not.3. The application of nitrogen, potassium or phosphorus increased the levels of these constituents in the crop in practically all cases. The application of phosphorus produced hearted plants which contained significantly less dry matter than the openleavod plants produced in its absence. The levels of ether extract, crude fibre, ash, silica and magnesium wore not significantly affected by the manorial treatments.4. There was little variation in composition as the season advanced except for significant increases in the crude-fibre levels and decreases in the nitrogen-free extractives levels.5. The distribution of the chemical components was investigated in the outer leaves, heart leaves and stem of the plant. This was compared with that in the marrow-stem kales.6. The chemical composition of the cattle cabbage compares fairly closely with that found for the marrow-stem kales grown under similar conditions. It is, however, lower in dry matter, crude fibre, magnesium and chlorine. It may be considered as a replacement for marrow-stem kale as a source of crude protein and all the major minerals except chlorine and possibly magnesium.

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Chemical analysis of fodder climbers found in Sunsari district, Nepal

Nepalese Journal of Biosciences ◽

10.3126/njbs.v4i1.41682 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 22-28

Author(s):

T. N. Mandal ◽

T. P. Gautam

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Matter Content ◽

Local Information ◽

Slight Variation ◽

Dry Matter Content ◽

Ether Extract ◽

Crude Fibre ◽

Mineral Contents

Altogether 19 fodder climbers were collected with local information for their quality, feeding season and preference by livestock from Sunsari district, Nepal. Fodder climbers were distributed under 15 angiospermic families. Among them, 6 climber species were analyzed for dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, crude fibre, N-free extract, total ash and mineral contents (K, Ca, and P). Dry matter content ranged from 24.12 to 45.43%. Crude protein content showed slight variation. Ether extract ranged from 2.13- 4.23%, while Crude fiber content ranged between 18.62 and 22.52%. N-free extract showed narrow variation in the content while Total ash content exhibited a wide variation ranging from 5.67 to 11.52%. Among the minerals, Phosphorus showed distinct variation in the content from 0.19 to 0.46%. Fodder quality assessed by local people was compared with the result of chemical composition. On the basis of local information and chemical composition, Hedera nepalensis and Hedyotis scandens were considered as very good fodder climbers.

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Effect Of Age And Wholesale Cuts On The Quality Of Indigenous Sheep Carcass

Bangladesh Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.3329/bjas.v37i1.9865 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 37 (1) ◽

pp. 32-38

Author(s):

MA Hamid ◽

S Akhter ◽

SME Rahman ◽

M Khan

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Phosphorus Content ◽

Coliform Bacteria ◽

Meat Sample ◽

Ether Extract ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Total Bacteria

The study was conducted to investigate the nutritive value and microbial status of different wholesale cuts of sheep carcass. The meat sample was obtained from 3 sheep. The ages of sheep were approximately of 1, 2 and 3 years. The wholesale cuts were shoulder, rack, loin and leg of each sheep carcass. The pH, juiciness, chemical composition, total bacteria, coliform bacteria, yeast and mould were studied to assess the quality of meat. The range of pH value were 5.077 - 5.927. The value of juiciness was decreased with the age. The value of dry matter, ash, crude protein, ether extract, calcium and phosphorus content of all samples were ranged from 23.32-30.40%, 0.88-1.027%, 20.50-24.88%, 8.10-12.13%, 0.012-0.038% and 0.048-0.185% respectively. Statistical analysis indicated that the value of pH, juiciness, dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, calcium, phosphorus and yeast (log value) was highly significant (P< 0.01) due to age and cut. Chemical composition, such as dry matter, ash, ether extract and calcium of all the samples increased gradually with the age, except crude protein, which decreased gradually with the age. The phosphorus content of the sample did not differ significantly due to age and cuts. The value of ash content was less significant (P<0.05) due to different cuts but highly significant (P<0.01) due to age. The range of total bacteria and coliform bacteria was 4.210-4.787 and 2.38-3.637/g of sample respectively. The range of yeast was 1.297-2.777/g of sample. Different meat cuts and ages did not show significant difference on total bacteria and coliform bacteria but in case of yeast, the value was highly significant (P<0.01) for the ages and cuts. Nutrient content of mutton varies due to different wholesale cuts as well as age. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v37i1.9865 BJAS 2008; 37(1): 32-38

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Manejo nutricional de novillos criados en pastoreo y en corral: efectos en el consumo, digestibilidad, rendimiento y viabilidad económica

Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Pecuarias ◽

10.22319/rmcp.v12i1.5076 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 105-119

Author(s):

Sinvaldo Oliveira de Souza ◽

Robério Rodrigues Silva ◽

Fabiano Ferreira da Silva ◽

Ana Paula Gomes da Silva ◽

Marceliana Da Conceição Santos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

The Other ◽

Production Cycle ◽

Ether Extract ◽

Gross Margin ◽

Concentrate Supplementation ◽

Mineral Supplementation

This study aimed to evaluate nutrient intake and digestibility, performance and economic viability of steers during the rearing phase in Brachiaria brizantha cultivar Marandu graze and in feedlot. Were used fifty crossbred steers in the rearing phase, with a mean weight of 275 ± 8.18 kg, distributed in a completely randomized design with ten replications per treatments: Mineral supplementation, nitrogen supplementation, Concentrate supplementation in the order of 1 and 2 g/kg body weight and total feedlot. The total dry matter intake and body weight showed a difference (P<0.05) for animals in feedlot. Crude protein, ether extract, neutral detergent fiber corrected for ashes and protein, non-fibrous carbohydrates, total digestible nutrients showed differences for the animals that received mineral supplementation in comparison to the other managements adopted. The same performance was observed for animals in feedlot. The digestibility coefficients of dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, non-fibrous carbohydrates and total digestible nutrients showed a difference (P<0.05) for the animals that received mineral supplementation, in comparison to the other managements adopted. (P<0.05). The mean daily gain was lower (P<0.05) for animals receiving mineral supplementation. The gross margin was higher (P<0.05) for animals handled in feedlot. Considering the obtained results, it was possible to observe that the animals kept in graze with good availability of dry matter presented satisfactory performance. It is feasible to confine the animals in rearing, since it shortens the production cycle, generating favorable economic results.

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The yield and composition of kale and cabbage with and without nitrogenous top-dressing

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s002185960003166x ◽

1957 ◽

Vol 48 (3) ◽

pp. 305-314 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

M. E. Castle ◽

A. S. Foot ◽

Zena D. Hosking ◽

S. J. Rowland

Keyword(s):

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Dry Season ◽

The Other ◽

Nitrogenous Fertilizer ◽

Presence And Absence ◽

Manurial Treatment

In 4 consecutive years, 1948 to 1952, combined varietal and manurial trials were carried out to obtain information on the yields of marrow-stem kale, thousand-head kale and cattle cabbage in the presence and absence of sulphate of ammonia applied as a top-dressing at the rate of 6 cwt./acre.Yield and composition of all crops were apparently affected by differences in weather conditions. In most years, and particularly for cabbage, the yield declined with successive harvests.Increased green crop, dry matter and crude protein yields resulted from the application of nitrogenous fertilizer in 3 years, but in the other year, a very dry season, the response to the top-dressing was negligible.Marrow-stem kale both with and without the additional fertilizer, yielded more, in terms of fresh crop, dry matter and crude protein, than thousandhead kale with the same manurial treatment. Cabbage yields often approached those of marrowstem kale at the first harvest, but were nearer to those of thousand-head by the last harvest of each year.

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Chemical composition of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa l.) seeds fermented at varying durations

Nigerian Journal of Animal Production ◽

10.51791/njap.v46i2.44 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 46 (2) ◽

pp. 269-275

Author(s):

A. O. Angbulu ◽

S. Duru ◽

S. B. Afolayan ◽

B. M. Munza

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Trypsin Inhibitor ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Antinutritional Factors ◽

Ether Extract ◽

Crude Fibre ◽

Nutritional Factors ◽

Nitrogen Free Extract ◽

Extract Content

A study was carried out to determine the chemical composition of roselle seeds fermented at varying durations. One kg cleaned Roselle seeds were soaked in 3L of water for 8 hours. The soaked seeds were drained and fermented for 0, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours as treatments. Samples of fermented roselle seeds at different duration of fermentations were analyzed for chemical composition including anti-nutritional factors. The results showed that there was significant (P<0.05) effect of fermentation duration on chemical composition and antinutritional factors of roselle seeds. Dry matter and crude protein content increased as fermentation duration increased from 0 to 96 hours. The highest dry matter (91.87%) and crude protein (35.05%) were obtained at 96 hours while crude fibre and ether extract decreased with increased fermentation duration. Crude fibre (6.55%) and ether extract (26.79%) were highest at 0 hours. Ash and nitrogen free extract content ranged from 5.41 – 5.78 % and 30.62 – 39.19 %, respectively. Anti-nutritional factor contents declined withincreased fermentation duration. The lowest values for saponin (2.02%), tannin (0.15%), phytic acid (5.44%) and trypsin inhibitor (8.93%) were obtained at 96 hours fermentation. It can be concluded that roselle seeds fermented for 96 hours enhanced nutrient availability and significantly reduced tannin, phytate, saponin and trypsin inhibitor anti-nutritional factors.

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Nutritive value of pasture. III. The influence of the intensity of grazing on the composition and nutritive value of pasture herbage (Part I)

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600009102 ◽

1928 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 266-296 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

H. E. Woodman

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

The Other ◽

Protein Concentrate ◽

Crude Fibre ◽

Pasture Grass ◽

Main Trial ◽

Feeding Value

The present investigation was undertaken with the object of ascertaining the effect of cutting at fortnightly instead of weekly intervals on the yield of pastures, and on the composition, digestibility and nutritive value of the herbage.The main trial was carried out on the 1925 light-land pasture. The plot was divided into 14 sub-plots, and one sub-plot was mown per day. The whole plot, therefore, was cut over once per fortnight during the season. The results in respect of yield, composition and nutritive value were compared with corresponding results obtained on the same pasture plot under a system of weekly cuts during 1925.A second trial was carried out on sub-plots 2 and 3 of the 1926 heavy-land pasture, one sub-plot being cut weekly and the other fort-nightly. The work in this case was restricted to securing comparative data in respect of yield and composition of herbage.The results from both trials lead to the conclusion that the differences in chemical composition, both organic and inorganic, between pasture grass cut at weekly and fortnightly intervals are inconsiderable. The dry matter of the fortnightly-cut grass is extremely rich in crude protein and contains, in comparison with grass cut at the hay stage of maturity, a low percentage of crude fibre. Moreover, these characteristics are retained, by systematic cutting at fortnightly intervals, over the entire season.The results of the digestion trials justify the conclusion that the dry matter of the pasture herbage grown under a system of fortnightly cutting is a protein concentrate equal in digestibility and nutritive value to that obtained by weekly cutting. There is no significant running off in respect of composition and feeding value during the second week of growth. At the end of a fortnight the herbage still consists of the same immature, non-lignified. tissue as it was at the end of a week's growth.

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Herbage mass and chemical composition of the heterogeneous grasslands affected by harvesting time in Subtropical terrain Nepal

Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resources ◽

10.3126/janr.v2i1.26055 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 135-144

Author(s):

Prabin Pandey ◽

Tej Narayan Bhusal ◽

Thaneshwar Pandey ◽

Surya Prasad Sharma ◽

Badrika Devkota Barsila ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Proximate Analysis ◽

Perennial Grasses ◽

Ether Extract ◽

Harvesting Time ◽

Soil Moisture Availability ◽

The Mean ◽

Upland South

A study was carried out to evaluate the productivity and chemical composition of heterogeneous grasslands at Agriculture and Forestry University (AFU) livestock farm. The four grassland ecotypes were chosen as upland north, upland south, lowland south and lowland north. The dominating herbage species and cover abundance by the botanical groups were studied on day before the harvesting. Later, the herbage dry matter productivity was estimated by quadrat cutting during May and June, 2017. Chemical analysis was done by using the proximate method for dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), crude fiber (CF) and ether extract (EE) content. Research results showed that the AFU grassland dominated by perennial grasses and sedges followed by the forbs. The mean coverage of grasses and sedges was about 55%, whilst that of forbs was about 29% and the least was for legumes (about 4%). The cumulative herbage mass was about 1.53 t/ ha on the DM basis, whilst the highest DM was found in the upland-south (1.74 t/ha) and the least was in the upland-north (1.334 t/ha). The proximate analysis further revealed that the site had no effect on CF content, whilst the CP was significant only at the second harvest for the lowland north (8.34%). Data revealed that the herbage composition might depend upon the soil moisture availability and geographical aspect. The dominance of perennial grasses at AFU grasslands revealed the yield stability, but needs the improvement through inoculation with leguminous forages for improved feed quality.

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Nutritive value of pasture: IV. The influence of the intensity of grazing on the yield, composition and nutritive value of pasture herbage (Part II)

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600011278 ◽

1929 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 236-265 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

H. E. Woodman ◽

D. B. Norman ◽

J. W. Bee

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Present Experiment ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

The Other ◽

Ether Extract ◽

Crude Fibre ◽

Pasture Grass ◽

Stages Of Growth ◽

Other Hand

The object of this series of investigations is to secure detailed information concerning the composition, digestibility and nutritive value of pasture grass in its different stages of growth. The results which were obtained in these respects by cutting the herbage of the experimental pasture plot at weekly and at fortnightly intervals have been described in previous communications. During the season of the present experiment, the trials have been carried a stage further by the adoption of a system of cutting at 3-weekly intervals. The main findings of the 1928 investigation are recorded below:(1) Chemical composition of 3-weekly pasture cuts: The adoption of a more lenient system of cutting at 3-weekly intervals led to a slight lowering of the percentage of crude protein in the grass and a slight raising of the percentages of crude fibre and N-free extractives. On the other hand, no corresponding effect was noted in respect of the ether extract, SiO2-free ash, lime and phosphate, the percentages of these constituents being very similar in the weekly and 3-weekly pasture samples obtained in 1928. The falling off of the percentage of crude protein in the 1928 3-weekly-mown herbage, as compared with the weekly and fortnightly-mown herbage of 1925 and 1927 respectively, was not wholly the consequence of the more lenient system of cutting, but was also due in part to the protein-depressing influence of the droughty periods which were experienced in the 1928 season.

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