scholarly journals Application of Mathematics in Computer Science

2021 ◽  
pp. 339-344
Author(s):  
Dr. Dhiraj Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Computer Science ◽  
Number System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Discrete Mathematics ◽  
Binary Number ◽  
Analytical Skills ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Universe

No one escape the learning of mathematics in one way or other, ranging from our kitchen to our journey from earth to Moon or Mars. Mathematics persists everywhere around us. It can be perceived in our garden or park from symmetry of leaves, flowers, fruits etc. and by so many examples of Geometry and symmetry can be seen in nature. God used mathematics in creation of the universe in one form or the other. Likewise, Mathematics is the queen of all sciences. Scientists and researchers can not perfectly accomplish their work without including mathematics. Mathematics is the foundation of Computer Science. If one is eager to learn any arena of Computer Science, first he/she has to imbibe a love of Mathematics that will be supportive for progressive learning of the said subject. Mathematics is friendly for analytical skills needed in Computer Science. Concepts of binary number system, Boolean algebra, Calculus, Discrete mathematics, linear algebra, number theory, and graph theory are the most applicable to the subject of computer science with the emergence of new concepts like machine learning, artificial intelligence, virtual reality and augmented reality.

scholarly journals The Spirit as the Subject Carrying out the Sublation of Nature

2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 19-31
Author(s):  
Gilles Marmasse
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
General Hypothesis ◽  
Know How ◽  
Rational Nature ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Universe

In this paper, I will try to propose a general characterisation of the spirit in Hegel'sEncyclopaedia. This characterisation is based on the opposition between nature and spirit. More precisely, in my view the Hegelian spirit can be defined as the activity of bringing the natural exteriority back to a living totality.We know that for Hegel the notion of spirit takes so many shapes that their unity is difficult to find. For instance, what does the soul in the subjective spirit, property in the objective spirit and the cult of the Greek gods in the absolute spirit have in common? Furthermore, when we consider property, for example, the problem is knowing if the spirit is here constituted by the owner, by the deeds of ownership or by the living relationship between the owner and the possessed goods.Moreover, the Hegelian spirit is a philosophical descendant of several different traditions. The question is, therefore, to know how these traditions are linked in the Hegelian notion. I will present these briefly before stating my general hypothesis about the definition of the spirit.First, the Hegelian spirit is connected to thenoûsof the Greek philosophers (the Latinspiritus, intellectus). Thenoûs— on the one hand, an immaterial entity leading the universe, and, on the other, a faculty of the soul — is most often distinguished by its separate and rational nature. For Hegel too, the spirit, as a non-perceptible entity, constitutes the freest and most rational stage in the development of the Idea.

NEW TECHNOLOGIES OF EDUCATION ON THE BASIS OF SMALL ANTHROPOMORPHIC ROBOT ROMA

2019 ◽  
pp. 33-39
Author(s):  
R. T. Sirazetdinov ◽  
A. Yu. Fadeev ◽  
R. E. Hisamutdinov
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Pattern Recognition ◽  
3D Modeling ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
The Other ◽  
Abstract Concepts ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One ◽  
Small Robot

The article describes the use of the anthropomorphic robot ROMA in the educational process. The trends and the main threats associated with the avalanche-like development of robotics and total robotization of society, and the tasks that the teachers face are considered. A small robot ROMA developed at the Kazan Federal University is presented, and its characteristics are described. A comparison is made with the characteristics of foreign analogues, whence it is clear that the presented robot occupies a worthy place in its niche. Various variants for using the ROMA robot in the educational process — from primary school classes to senior university students, are considered. There are educational disciplines and specific topics on which the use of the robot can give a significant impetus to understanding and mastering the subject. On the one hand, this is connected with the students’ interest in the robot as such, and on the other hand, the robot allows to physically demonstrate certain abstract concepts, the effect of algorithm execution, etc. The robot can be used at school for technology lessons. It may be indispensable when studying programming at various levels, 3D modeling, the theory of automatic control, elements of artificial intelligence, pattern recognition, and in a number of other courses. Currently, the process of developing methodological support for various disciplines is underway.

Artificial Intelligence and Natural Law: а Challenge to Be Overcome

2021 ◽  
pp. 154
Author(s):  
GERARDO JAVIER ULLOA BELLORIN
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Computer Science ◽  
Natural Law ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Business Community ◽  
Special Technique ◽  
Critical Function ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Legal Security

Since the last century, computer science has not stopped growing, innovating and producing changes in society. Facing these changes, the legislator is called to create certain rules that can accompany computer science and, especially, artificial intelligence (AI) in its constant development, providing legal security to users, to the scientific and business community and, in general, to the whole society. The problem posed by artificial intelligence focuses on the fact that law will have to create institutions in order to regulate the “behavior” of these computer systems, which today have wide autonomy. Law, conceived to regulate the behavior of the human being, needs to make substantial changes in its interior. This study aims to analyze this situation in the light of the theories that consider natural law as the foundation of law. For this purpose, in a first phase, artificial intelligence, its definition and characteristics were analyzed, as well as the legal areas where there is concern about the changes originated from the introduction of the AI. Then, general considerations about natural law, its definition, functions and importance are presented. Finally, observations were made about the advisability of considering natural law theories, in the search for solutions to questions presented in the legal field by the evolution of AI in society. This study is documentary-type, based on the consultation and consideration of different specialized texts on the subject. The special technique of direct observation was used to describe and analyze homogeneous characteristics of the phenomena studied, so it is classified as a descriptive study. The study of AI allows us to observe the benefits it has given to society areas such as medicine, entertainment, public administration and even in the practice of law through systems that allow helping lawyers. Some of the problems analyzed are those related to civil liability, personal data protection, algorithm contracts and transhumanism. Some emblematic cases regarding the use of AI are presented, as the case of the citizenship granting to a robot endowed with AI, the consideration of the copyright of a work created through AI in China and the discovery of powerful drugs. It was also possible to determine that the legal problem of AI is in the degree of autonomy that these systems possess. The analysis of natural law allowed us to observe its influence on the creation of the current conception of law and its formative and critical function. The doctrine, in the search for a solution to this problem, has proposed to use a dogmatic consistent with the theories that support contemporary law, without resortingto unsustainable fictions. The proposal of a new legal status for autonomous artificial intelligence systems seems to be a viable solution. Theories of natural law could be useful to guide the formulation of legal precepts applicable to the subject of artificial intelligence; in addition, to provide deep and effective criticisms of the proposed solutions. These new rules must present a solution within the values and principles of the legal system, which respects its unity and maintains the main value of the person.

Automatic addition

1963 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 127-132
Author(s):  
Franz E. Hohn
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Tape ◽  
Number System ◽  
Magnetic Core ◽  
The Other ◽  
Binary Number ◽  
Magnetic Cores ◽  
Related Machines

Computers and related machines employ devices such as switches, electron tubes, transistors, magnetic cores, magnetic tape, and so on to do their work of storing, processing, and computing numbers. Since a switch is either open or closed, a tube or transistor is either conducting electricity or not conducting electricity, and a magnetic core or a spot on a magnetic tape is magnetized either “positively” or “negatively,” that is, since one of two opposite conditions is always present, it is natural that the internal operation of such machines should be based on the binary number system, which counts by twos. One of the two conditions is used to represent the number 1, the other to represent the number 0.

Artificial Intelligence Surpassing Human Intelligence: Factual or Hoax

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sana Khanam ◽  
Safdar Tanweer ◽  
Syed Khalid
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Computer Science ◽  
Research Paper ◽  
Human Intelligence ◽  
Technological Changes ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Trending Topics ◽  
Near Future

Abstract Artificial intelligence is one of the most trending topics in the field of Computer Science which aims to make machines and computers ‘smart’. There are multiple diverse technical and specialized research associated with it. Due to the accelerating rate of technological changes, artificial intelligence has taken over a lot of human jobs and is giving excellent results that are more efficient and effective, than humans. However, a lot of time there has been a concern about the following: will artificial intelligence surpass human intelligence in the near future? Are computers’ ever accelerating abilities to outpace human jobs and skills a matter of concern? The different views and myths on the subject have made it even a more than just a topic of discussion. In this research paper, we will study the existing facts and literature to understand the true definitions of artificial intelligence (AI) and human intelligence (HI) by classifying each of its types separately and analyzing the extent of their full capabilities. Later, we will discuss the possibilities if AI eventually can replace human jobs in the market. Finally, we will synthesize and summarize results and findings of why artificial intelligence cannot surpass human intelligence completely in the future.

scholarly journals KONSEP KOTA DALAM SINERGI AL-QUR’AN

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-156
Author(s):  
Tarranita Kusumadewi
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Human Being ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Building Process ◽  
The Subject ◽  
And Function ◽  
The City ◽  
Building Plans ◽  
The Universe

The city is one of important aspects of the earth. The universe has been created with various kinds of creature. However, to be able to survive, there are two important things to do: a) surviving to compete, and b) surviving to live. The human being becomes the subject for any building plans for nation advancement. On the other side, the environ- ment which becomes the object of building plans is frequently ignored. It should not happen as al-Qur'an states that the universe is created for human's benefits based on its Standard and function. When the universe does not function as its standard, there will be a disaster. For that reason, building infrastructure in the city should consider the surroundings, and does not make the nature as the place of throwing away. The building process which synergies with al-Qur'an aims to make people aware and change their behavior for the safety of the universe. In al-Qur'an, it is stated that if the human is not back to his/her 'fitrah' will disappear because of any damages created by human himself.

scholarly journals Snow Leopard Permutations and Their Even and Odd Threads

2016 ◽  
Vol Vol. 18 no. 2, Permutation... (Permutation Patterns) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric S. Egge ◽  
Kailee Rubin
Keyword(s):  
Computer Science ◽  
Pattern Avoidance ◽  
Theoretical Computer Science ◽  
Catalan Number ◽  
The Other ◽  
Discrete Mathematics ◽  
Snow Leopard ◽  
Theoretical Computer ◽  
Set Of Permutations ◽  
Motzkin Paths

Caffrey, Egge, Michel, Rubin and Ver Steegh recently introduced snow leopard permutations, which are the anti-Baxter permutations that are compatible with the doubly alternating Baxter permutations. Among other things, they showed that these permutations preserve parity, and that the number of snow leopard permutations of length $2n-1$ is the Catalan number $C_n$. In this paper we investigate the permutations that the snow leopard permutations induce on their even and odd entries; we call these the even threads and the odd threads, respectively. We give recursive bijections between these permutations and certain families of Catalan paths. We characterize the odd (resp. even) threads which form the other half of a snow leopard permutation whose even (resp. odd) thread is layered in terms of pattern avoidance, and we give a constructive bijection between the set of permutations of length $n$ which are both even threads and odd threads and the set of peakless Motzkin paths of length $n+1$. Comment: 25 pages, 6 figures. Version 3 is modified to use standard Discrete Mathematics and Theoretical Computer Science but is otherwise unchanged

scholarly journals Problems of Teaching the Translation of Legal Documents and Texts of Law Students in the Magistracy of Non-Linguistic Universities

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-70
Author(s):  
I.A. Ukrainets
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Error Analysis ◽  
Law School ◽  
Law Students ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
Legal Documents ◽  
Legal Translation ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Level Of Training

The article is devoted to the problems of teaching undergraduates of non-linguistic universities professional legal language. The author analyzes the current issues of training lawyers at the present stage, the composition and level of training of students entering the magistracy of law faculties. Based on his many years of experience in teaching the subject to law students at a law school, the author considers and proposes ways and methods of teaching legal translation to enhance its effectiveness. The article also discusses new concepts, such as “artificial intelligence” and “erratology” (error analysis), “legal jargon”, “legal professionalism” and their application in the practice of teaching a professional legal translation.

scholarly journals "Machina ludens". Rzeczywista i wyobrażona historia komputerów szachowych

Adeptus ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr F. Piekutowski
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Computer Science ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Film History ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Real ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
History Of ◽  
Special Case

Machina Ludens: The Real and Imagined History of Chess ComputersThe essay offers a reading of the place of non-human machines in the game discourse, focusing on computer chess’s real as well as literary and film history. Chess, as the Drosophila melanogaster of artificial intelligence, a special case facilitating the study of the entire field, allows for going beyond the primary area of interest – computer science – and entering the realm of the text, where new languages of storytelling and new contexts present themselves. The paper discusses a multifaceted, posthumanist analysis of the game as a medium of non-anthropocentric and empowering narratives of the Other. It also sheds new light on the ongoing paradigm shift in human categories and human-technology relations. Machina ludens. Rzeczywista i wyobrażona historia komputerów szachowychCelem artykułu jest próba odczytania sposobu funkcjonowania nie-ludzkich maszyn w dyskursie growym, skupiona na rzeczywistej i literacko-filmowej historii komputerów szachowych. Szachy i sztuczna inteligencja wchodzą w przestrzeń tekstu, przekraczają pierwotny obszar zainteresowań – informatykę – i dzięki innym językom opowieści otwierają się na nowe konteksty. W tekście przedstawiono wieloaspektową, posthumanistyczną analizę gry jako medium nieantropocentrycznych i upodmiotawiających narracji Innego. Historia szachów i komputerów szachowych oraz ich tekstowe przedstawienia stanowią egzemplifikację zmian ludzkich kategorii oraz relacji człowiek-technologia.

scholarly journals Theism, atheism and pantheism in the context of solution of the central philosophical question: anthropological aspect

2021 ◽  
pp. 92-113
Author(s):  
Alexey Viktorovich Suslov ◽  
Dmitrii Alekseevich Gusev ◽  
Vasilii Aleksandrovich Potaturov
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Philosophical Question ◽  
Life Orientation ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Spiritual Reality ◽  
The One ◽  
The Universe

The object of this research is a centuries-old worldview polemic between the philosophical representations on the world and human associated with theism, atheism and pantheism. The subject of this research is the theoretical and practical attitudes and conclusions of anthropological nature that result from these intellectual models. The authors dwell on the worldview correlations of materialism and idealism with their worldview companions, such as atheism, evolutionism, scientism, anthropological voluntarism  on the one hand, and theism, creationism, antiscientism, providentialism – on the other. Special attention is given to examination of ideological link of atheism and pantheism with the anthropocentric attitude, as well as the questions of life navigation of a human in the context of confrontation and polemics of anthropological voluntarism  and providentialism. The novelty of this research consists in substantiation of authenticity of the philosophical idealism as a model that implies theistic and creationist view of the universe and fundamental incompatibility of the central idealistic thesis on the primacy of spiritual reality with the nature of being from the perspective of pantheism. The novelty also lies in the authors’ statement on the worldview similarity of atheism and pantheism, each of which is a specific substantiation of anthropological voluntarism  that is opposed to theistic providentialism. The conclusion consists in acknowledgment of the fundamental dichotomy of the worldview choice and life orientation of a human between the anthropocentric and providential poles, despite all ideological multifacetedness and diversity of the philosophical and religious representations.

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