scholarly journals Exploring Momardica Charantia Leaves as Biopesticide Against Mealy Bugs: A Comparative Study

2020 ◽  
pp. 94-98
Author(s):  
Vandana Gupta ◽  
Sonal Deshmukh
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Test Plant ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Neem Leaves ◽  
Chemical Pesticide ◽  
Plant Characteristics

A pesticide is a substance used for controlling pests that damage the crops. Azadirachta indica (Neem) is widely studied and commercially used as a biopesticide against various pests. The present study aims to explore Momardica charantia (Bitter gourd) leaves as a biopesticide and compare its effectiveness with the Azadirachta indica (Neem) leaves and chemical pesticide (Admire). The test plant used for study is Hibiscus rosa-sinensis infected with Red Hibiscus mealy bug. Soil parameters (pH, conductivity, organic matter content, available potassium and available phosphorus) and plant characteristics (height, leaves count, flowering and chlorophyll content) of all test plants under study were estimated and compared. The soil parameter like pH showed no changes in control and treated plants while organic matter, available potassium and available phosphorus comparatively showed slight increase in concentration in plants treated with all pesticides. The plant characteristics viz. height, leaf count and branching showed improvement in growth after treatment with pesticides.All the pesticides under study were capable to kill mealy bugs in one month. Even though the biopesticidal property of Momardicacharantia leaves was found to be less as compared to Azadirachta indica leaves and chemical pesticide (Admire), it can be used effectively to control mealy bugs infecting Hibiscus plant.

scholarly journals Distribution of Taraxacum microspecies along soil property gradients in salt and brackish meadows on the Polish Baltic coast

2019 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beata Bosiacka ◽  
Helena Więcław ◽  
Paweł Marciniuk ◽  
Marek Podlasiński
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Soil Property ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Vegetation Patterns ◽  
Baltic Coast ◽  
Coastal Meadows

Abstract The vegetation of protected salt meadows along the Baltic coast is fairly well known; however, dandelions have been so far treated as a collective species. The aim of our study was to examine the microspecies diversity of the genus Taraxacum in Polish salt and brackish coastal meadows and to analyse soil property preferences of the dandelion microspecies identified. In addition, we analysed the relations between soil properties and vegetation patterns in dandelion-supporting coastal meadows (by canonical correspondence analysis). The salt and brackish meadows along the Polish Baltic coast we visited were found to support a total of 27 dandelion microspecies representing 5 sections. Analysis of vegetation patterns showed all the soil parameters (C:N ratio, organic matter content, pH, concentration of Mg, P, K, electrolytic conductivity of the saturated soil extract ECe) to explain 32.07% of the total variance in the species data. The maximum abundance of most dandelion microspecies was associated with the highest soil fertility, moderate pH values and organic matter content, and with the lowest magnesium content and soil salinity. The exceptions were T. latissimum, T. stenoglossum, T. pulchrifolium and T. lucidum the occur-rence of which was related to the lowest soil fertility and the highest salinity. In addition, several microspecies (T. leptodon, T. gentile, T. haematicum, T. fusciflorum and T. balticum) were observed at moderate C:N ratios and ECe. Four other microspecies (T. infestum, T. cordatum, T. hamatum, T. sertatum) occurred at the lowest pH and organic matter content. The information obtained increases the still insufficient body of knowledge on ecological spectra of individual dandelion microspecies, hence their potential indicator properties.

scholarly journals Stoichiometric Characteristics of Soil in Several Different Communities

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 03057
Author(s):  
Xinyu Liu ◽  
Shengxiu Li ◽  
Fang Luo ◽  
Yan Ning ◽  
Biao Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Chemical Measurement ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

The content of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic matter in soil is an important index to determine soil nutrient status. In this paper, the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, organic matter and soil salt in the soil of several different plant communities in the campus were measured by the chemical measurement characteristics of several different communities in University of Jinan. The differences in the measurement characteristics of soil chemical measurement in different plant communities were analyzed. The results showed that the highest organic matter content in several communities was Cherry Blossom community, 76.33mg/kg, and the highest ammonium nitrogen content was 196.08mg/kg; the highest content of available phosphorus was the community of Begonia, 168.14mg/kg, and the highest content of available potassium was the community of Robinia pseudoacacia, which was the highest salt content in 64.99mg/kg soil. The community of cherry blossoms is 569 μs. There was little difference in soil organic matter, available phosphorus and available potassium in different plant communities..

scholarly journals The influence of organic matter content and media compaction on the dispersal of entomopathogenic nematodes with different foraging strategies

Parasitology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 144 (14) ◽  
pp. 1956-1963 ◽  
Author(s):  
APOSTOLOS KAPRANAS ◽  
ABIGAIL M. D. MAHER ◽  
CHRISTINE T. GRIFFIN
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematode ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Steinernema Feltiae ◽  
Foraging Strategies ◽  
Infective Juvenile ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Biological Pest Control ◽  
Species Specific

SUMMARYIn laboratory experiments, we investigated how media with varying ratio of peat:sand and two levels of compaction influence dispersal success of entomopathogenic nematode (EPN) species with different foraging strategies: Steinernema carpocapsae (ambusher), Heterorhabditis downesi (cruiser) and Steinernema feltiae (intermediate). Success was measured by the numbers of nematodes moving through a 4 cm column and invading a wax moth larva. We found that both compaction and increasing peat content generally decreased EPN infective juvenile (IJ) success for all three species. Of the three species, H. downesi was the least affected by peat content, and S. carpocapsae was the most adversely influenced by compaction. In addition, sex ratios of the invading IJs of the two Steinernema species were differentially influenced by peat content, and in the case of S. feltiae, sex ratio was also affected by compaction. This indicates that dispersal of male and female IJs is differentially affected by soil parameters and that this differentiation is species-specific. In conclusion, our study shows that organic matter: sand ratio and soil compaction have a marked influence on EPN foraging behaviour with implications for harnessing them as biological pest control agents.

scholarly journals Soil pH and Nutrient Characteristics of Newly-added Cultivated Land in Heyang, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 204 ◽  
pp. 01013
Author(s):  
Gang Li ◽  
Ruiqing Zhang ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
Nan Lu ◽  
Yang Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Cultivated Land ◽  
Soil Available Phosphorus

In order to understand the soil pH and main nutrient characteristics of newly added cultivated land in the eastern part of Guanzhong, and 160 soil samples were collected in 2016, the soil pH, organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in Heyang County were studied The suitability distribution of the indicators, using stepwise regression and path analysis methods, analyzes the direct relationship between soil pH and soil nutrients, and provides a theoretical basis for improving the newly added cultivated land. The results showed that the soil pH in Heyang County varied from 8.42 to 9.67, the soil organic matter content varied from 3.46 to 17.93 g/kg, the soil total nitrogen content varied from 0.13 to 5.61 g/kg, and the soil available phosphorus changed The range is 1.73 ~ 63.06 mg/kg, and the soil available potassium range is 46.50 ~ 523.74. The newly added soil has a certain nutrient basis, but it should be further adjusted and improved during the cultivation process. The direct positive effect on soil pH value is mainly soil organic matter, and the direct negative effect is mainly soil available phosphorus. By adjusting the organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in the soil, the pH value of the soil can be effectively improved, so that the newly cultivated soil is suitable for the growth of local crops.

Efficacy of Selected Herbicides as Influenced by Soil Properties

1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R. Blumhorst ◽  
Jerome B. Weber ◽  
Len R. Swain
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Herbicidal Activity ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Humic Matter

Field experiments were conducted on six loam and sandy loam soils to study the influence of various soil parameters on atrazine, cyanazine, alachlor, metolachlor, and pendimethalin efficacy. Herbicidal activity was highly correlated to the soil organic content. Humic matter content was equally or better correlated (r = 0.70 to 0.91) with herbicide bioactivity than was organic matter content (r = 0.66 to 0.84). Regression equations were determined which allow herbicide rate recommendations for 80% weed control to be calculated based on soil humic matter or organic matter levels.

scholarly journals Relationship among soil management, organic matter content and root development along the explorable soil profile in the vineyard

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 04021
Author(s):  
Alberto Vercesi ◽  
Matteo Gatti ◽  
Claudia Meisina ◽  
Massimiliano Bordoni ◽  
Michael Maerker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Root Development ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Grass Cover ◽  
North West ◽  
Natural Grass ◽  
Low Levels

In the most ancient wine area of the Controlled Denomination of Origin (DOC) “Oltrepò Pavese” in North-West Italy, foothills of the Apennine mountains, the soils of 14 representative vineyards managed for about 10 years with tillage (T) or natural grass-cover (G) or the alternation of the two methods between the rows (GT), were compared for their contents of organic matter, main soil parameters and extent of root development, in the first meter of depth. The soils are fine textured, sometimes calcareous, with low levels of organic matter. G and GT soil treatments showed higher organic matter content (on average 1.4%) than T (0.88%). Better root development (number and area) was observed in G and GT, in comparison with T; the number and size of roots showed a positive correlation with the soil organic matter.

scholarly journals Strategy of specification of management areas: rice grain yield as related to soil fertility

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávio Carlos Dalchiavon ◽  
Morel de Passos e Carvalho ◽  
Rafael Montanari ◽  
Marcelo Andreotti
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Test Plant ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Mato Grosso

It is well-known nowadays that soil variability can influence crop yields. Therefore, to determine specific areas of soil management, we studied the Pearson and spatial correlations of rice grain yield with organic matter content and pH of an Oxisol (Typic Acrustox) under no- tillage, in the 2009/10 growing season, in Selvíria, State of Mato Grosso do Sul, in the Brazilian Cerrado (longitude 51º24' 21'' W, latitude 20º20' 56'' S). The upland rice cultivar IAC 202 was used as test plant. A geostatistical grid was installed for soil and plant data collection, with 120 sampling points in an area of 3.0 ha with a homogeneous slope of 0.055 m m-1. The properties rice grain yield and organic matter content, pH and potential acidity and aluminum content were analyzed in the 0-0.10 and 0.10-0.20 m soil layers. Spatially, two specific areas of agricultural land management were discriminated, differing in the value of organic matter and rice grain yield, respectively with fertilization at variable rates in the second zone, a substantial increase in agricultural productivity can be obtained. The organic matter content was confirmed as a good indicator of soil quality, when spatially correlated with rice grain yield.

scholarly journals Preliminary screening of selected soils in Ilorin, North-central Nigeria for antibiotic-producing actinomycetes

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-153
Author(s):  
Risikat N. AHMED ◽  
Sesan M. SOBA ◽  
Mercy O. BAMIGBOYE ◽  
Kamoldeen A. AJIJOLAKEWU
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Clinical Test ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Physiochemical Parameters ◽  
Antibacterial Screening ◽  
Standard Procedures

The present research aimed at screening various soils within Ilorin metropolis for antibiotic producing actinomycetes. The objectives of the study were to determine physiochemical parameters of soils, the occurrence of actinomycetes in soils, antibacterial potentials and identity of isolates. Soil parameters such as pH, temperature, moisture, organic matter and soil type were evaluated following standard procedures. Selective isolation to determine the occurrence of actinomycetes was performed by soil dilution using pour plate technique on starch casein agar. Preliminary antibacterial screening against 10 clinical test bacteria was performed using cross streak method. All isolates were initially identified based on morphological and biochemical characteristics, while the most bioactive isolates were further identified by molecular means. The soils were alkaline, with temperatures between 29 °C and 31 °C, moisture was in range of 0.72 ± 0.07c and 6.62 ± 0.42b. Highest organic matter content was 32.13 ± 0.20a with soil types mostly loamy and sandy loam. Ten actinomycetes (SM1 - SM10) were isolated, with the most frequently occurring isolate being SM3 and SM5 (16.7%). SM5 was the most active, inhibiting 9 out of 10 tests, with the highest inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus 25923 (24 mm ± 0.15a). All isolates were identified as Streptomyces by morphology and biochemical tests. Based on nucleotide similarity searches and phylogeny, two bioactive Streptomycetes were suggested as novel strains and thus named as Streptomyces bottropensis UIL RNA (SM5) and S. flavoviridis UIL RNA(SM7), which may serve as promising sources of antibiotics. Actinomycetes from Ilorin metropolis demonstrated broad spectrum of antibacterial activity against clinical test bacteria.

scholarly journals Study on the Revitalization Potential of Thermal-treated Soils

2002 ◽  
Vol 51 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 129-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
László Vermes ◽  
B. Biró
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Soil Microbial Activity ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Test Plant ◽  
Great Success ◽  
Organic Additives ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Microbial Inocula

A pot experiment was set up at the Experimental Farm of the Faculty of Horticultural Sciences of the Szent István University in 2001 investigating the revitalization effect of selected treatments on thermal-treated soils and other production substances. In the experiment 6 factors and 7 treatments were used, each in 4 replicates, using rape ( Brassica napus DC ) as test plant. During the time period of the experiment (29 May-17 August) continuous observations and measurements were conducted, plant and soil analyses - chemical and microbiological - were made to establish the main effects and results of the different treatments. These are discussed in the paper in detail. Although the soil-vitalization procedures were of great success, no treatment in the experiment had an extremely positive effect. Various additives, however could enhance the re-colonization processes significantly.  According to the basic factors (the soils or substrates) the best treatments were: the A1 (clay-pearl) additive and the C2, C3 factors (the medium and low temperature soil treatments).  Among the treatment combinations, treatments IV and VII were the best ( compost and compost + inocula addition). This fact shows that the compost in a good quality, and the compost enriched, compost extracted microbial inocula can play the most important role in the revitalization of thermal-treated soils. Manure addition and the manure + inocula treatment can also be used as a prominent treatment in the restoration, to increase the organic matter content and the microbial activity in soils. The single alga- and microbial inocula treatment was not successful permanently, therefore their use - without adding any parallel organic matter - cannot be recommended. Investigations of the soil microbial activity showed that the lowest temperature of thermal treatments had resulted a more effective revitalization. The clay-pearl additive increased the persistency and activity of the microbes in the soil. It was also obviously found that the organic additives with or without the microbial inoculations could be used potentially as the best soil revitalization treatments. 

scholarly journals Soil Fertility Status under Different Tree Cropping System in a Southwestern Zone of Nigeria

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clement O. OGUNKUNLE ◽  
Olusegun O. AWOTOYE
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
Fertility Status ◽  
Sole Cropping ◽  
Soil Fertility Status

Tree cropping has been known to bring about changes in edaphic component among other components of the ecosystem through their interactions with the soil and soil faunas. Premised on this, this study assessed the effects of sole cropping of teak and intercropping of cocoa and kola on the soil fertility status. The study was carried out using stratified-randomed sampling technique for the study plots in all the sampling sites. Three sampling sites consisting of four (4)-4oo m2 sampling plots each were established in which vegetation and some soil parameters were assessed. Results analysis showed that the synergistic interaction of leaves decomposition of cocoa and kola improved the organic matter content of the soil under the cocoa/kola site. Considerable improvement in soil fertility was enjoyed in the cocoa/kola site due to the large girth sizes and basal area of trees present in the cocoa/kola site while soil under the sole cropping of teak was impoverished. The degradation effects was due to the high rate of nutrient uptake of the teak, organic matter content was high in the forest site (9.12%) and cocoa/kola site (7.34) while the least was in the teak site (3.04%). A very strong correlation existed between organic matter content and some vegetation parameters.

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