scholarly journals Effects of doe-litter separation on intestinal bacteria, immune response and morphology of suckling rabbits

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukun Zhang ◽  
Hongxiao Cui ◽  
Defa Sun ◽  
Lihui Liu ◽  
Xiurong Xu
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Intestinal Bacteria ◽  
Vermiform Appendix ◽  
Duodenal Content ◽  
Secretory Iga ◽  
Gut Development ◽  
Caecal Content ◽  
Total Bacteria

Gut development is stimulated by exposure to microorganisms, especially early-life microbial exposure. This study aimed to investigate whether doe-litter separation, which is performed in many rabbit farms, affects this exposure and therefore inhibits the development of intestinal system in suckling rabbits. Immediately after parturition, Rex rabbit does (n=16) were adjusted to 8 kits per litter and divided into doe-litter separation (DLS) group and doe-litter together (DLT) group based on the conditions of the does. One healthy kit per litter was selected and sacrificed at 7 d, 14 d, 21 d and 28 d of age, and the number of total bacteria, Escherichia coli and Bacteroides-Prevotella, expression of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and interleukin 10 (IL-10) in duodenum and caecum were investigated by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The morphological parameters of duodenum and vermiform appendix were also measured. Our results showed that doe-litter separation affected the number of intestinal bacteria. At 7 d of age, except for caecal Escherichia coli, the number of the investigated bacteria was decreased by doe-litter separation (P&lt;0.05). But 1 wk later, only the number of total bacteria and Bacteroides-Prevotella in caecal content (P&lt;0.05) and Escherichia coli in duodenal content from DLS kits (P&lt;0.05) were still lower than those from DLT kits. After being provided with supplementary food for 7 d, DLS kits had fewer total bacteria in caecal content (P&lt;0.05) and fewer E. coli in duodenal content (P&lt;0.01) than DLT kits. After growing to 28 d of age, kits in DLS group still tended to have fewer total bacteria in caecal content, and expression of IL-10 and secretion of secretory IgA (sIgA) in vermiform appendix in DLS group was obviously lower than kits in DLT group (P&lt;0.05). The villus height:crypt depth ratio in duodenum at 3<sup>rd</sup> wk and 4<sup>th</sup> wk was decreased by DLS (P&lt;0.05). Kits in DLS group had shorter villus height (P&lt;0.05), higher crypt depth (P&lt;0.05) and shorter vermiform appendix (P&lt;0.05) at the end of the trial. Furthermore, separating kits from the doe had a negative effect on their average daily gain at 3<sup>rd</sup> wk and 4<sup>th</sup> wk (P&lt;0.05). Limiting the microbiological contact with the mother during suckling period affected the kits’ intestinal flora and could negatively affect the development of intestinal digestive and immune system and growth performance of kits.

Relative frequency alteration ofEscherichia coliin broiler intestine

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 209-209
Author(s):  
A Seidavi ◽  
S Z Mirhosseini ◽  
M Shivazad ◽  
M Chamani ◽  
A A Sadeghi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Relative Frequency ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Intestinal Bacteria ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Growth Requirements ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Made In

Escherichia coliis a commensal bacterium of the gut microflora of the chicken.Escherichia coliinfections are responsible for significant economic losses in the poultry industry world-wide. The pathogenesis and the role of virulence factors are not yet fully elucidated, although considerable progress has been made in recent years to establish the mechanisms of pathogenesis.Escherichia colistrains cause a number of diseases in domestic poultry, ultimately leading to disease and death, or to a decrease in egg and meat production or condemning of carcasses. On the other hand, our knowledge about the composition of the gut flora and microbial ecology of the gastrointestinal tract is still limited. Previous investigations have mainly used culture-dependent approaches. Studies on the composition of the intestinal flora of chickens date back to 1901 (Rahner, 1901) and were continued in the 1940s (Shapiro and Sarles, 1949), but comprehensive surveys that attempted to culture as many of the intestinal bacteria as possible were not carried out until the 1970s (Barneset al. 1972; Salanitroet al. 1974). Such studies are technically difficult since strict anaerobic conditions have to be maintained during isolation and biochemical differentiation of the bacteria. It is well recognized that many bacteria have not been cultured yet in the laboratory because their growth requirements are still unknown. Recent molecular studies have yielded more detailed insight into the composition of the microbial community of this ecosystem (Zhuet al. 2002). The objective of this study was to develop a PCR based method for rapid quantification ofEscherichia coliand investigation on its relative frequency in duodenum, jejunum, ileum and cecum of broilers.

Secretory IgA antibody response against Escherichia coli antigens in infants in relation to exposure

1985 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 430-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Mellander ◽  
B. Carlsson ◽  
Fehmida Jalil ◽  
T. Söderström ◽  
L.Å. Hanson
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Secretory Iga ◽  
Iga Antibody

Antibodies to indigenous bacteria in human serum, secretions, and urine

1971 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 1471-1473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stitaya Sirisinha ◽  
Chinda Charupatana
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Human Serum ◽  
Secretory Iga ◽  
Streptococcus Salivarius ◽  
Serum Antibodies ◽  
Streptococcus Mitis ◽  
Indigenous Bacteria ◽  
Immunoglobulin Class ◽  
Normal Subject ◽  
Whole Saliva

The nature of serum, secretory, and urinary antibodies reactive with indigenous bacteria was investigated. The immunoglobulin class of serum antibodies to Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus salivarius, an enterococcus, Veillonella, and Escherichia coli was different from that of the parotid secretion, whole saliva, and urine of the same normal subject. While serum antibodies to these bacteria were primarily of the IgM class, those of the secretions and urine were associated almost exclusively with the secretory IgA and IgG immunoglobulins, respectively. These results suggest that secretory and urinary antibodies are synthesized independently of serum antibodies.

LACTIC ACID BACTERIA IN FOOD AND HEALTH: A REVIEW WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ENTEROPATHOGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI AS WELL AS CERTAIN ENTERIC DISEASES AND THEIR TREATMENT WITH ANTIBIOTICS AND LACTOBACILLI1

1972 ◽  
Vol 35 (12) ◽  
pp. 691-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. E. Sannine ◽  
K. S. Muralidhara ◽  
P. R. Elliker ◽  
D. C. England
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Intestinal Bacteria ◽  
Transfer Factors ◽  
Enteric Diseases ◽  
Human Vagina ◽  
Vaginal Disease

Recent literature concerning enteropathogenesis and drug resistance transfer factors in Escherichia coli are summarized as well as related papers concerning the use of antibiotics in animal feed. E. coli infection in swine (colibacillosis) also is considered, especially citations indicating the similarity between the disease in man and animals. The role of intestinal bacteria in human health is reviewed, emphasizing the importance of (a) a maintained balance of organisms in the adult, (b) breast feeding in infants to establish a large population of bifidobacteria and (c) the presence of Lactobacillus organisms to maintain healthful conditions in the human vagina. The use of Lactobacillus organisms in intestinal and vaginal disease therapy is reviewed as well as the important ecological role that lactic acid bacteria play in the natural scheme where man is concerned.

Antimicrobial Resistance, Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase Productivity, and Class 1 Integrons in Escherichia coli from Healthy Swine

2015 ◽  
Vol 78 (8) ◽  
pp. 1442-1450 ◽  
Author(s):  
KANJANA CHANGKAEW ◽  
APIRADEE INTARAPUK ◽  
FUANGFA UTRARACHKIJ ◽  
CHIE NAKAJIMA ◽  
ORASA SUTHIENKUL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Class 1 Integron ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Gene Cassettes ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Class 1 Integrons ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Class 1

Administration of antimicrobials to food-producing animals increases the risk of higher antimicrobial resistance in the normal intestinal flora of these animals. The present cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate antimicrobial susceptibility and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)–producing strains and to characterize class 1 integrons in Escherichia coli in healthy swine in Thailand. All 122 of the tested isolates had drug-resistant phenotypes. High resistance was found to ampicillin (98.4% of isolates), chloramphenicol (95.9%), gentamicin (78.7%), streptomycin (77.9%), tetracycline (74.6%), and cefotaxime (72.1%). Fifty-four (44.3%) of the E. coli isolates were confirmed as ESBL-producing strains. Among them, blaCTX-M (45 isolates) and blaTEM (41 isolates) were detected. Of the blaCTX-M-positive E. coli isolates, 37 carried the blaCTX-M-1 cluster, 12 carried the blaCTX-M-9 cluster, and 5 carried both clusters. Sequence analysis revealed blaTEM-1, blaTEM-135, and blaTEM-175 in 38, 2, and 1 isolate, respectively. Eighty-seven (71%) of the 122isolates carried class 1 integrons, and eight distinct drug-resistance gene cassettes with seven different integron profiles were identified in 43 of these isolates. Gene cassettes were associated with resistance to aminoglycosides (aadA1, aadA2, aadA22, or aadA23), trimethoprim (dfrA5, dfrA12, or dfrA17), and lincosamide (linF). Genes encoding β-lactamases were not found in class 1 integrons. This study is the first to report ESBL-producing E. coli with a class 1 integron carrying the linF gene cassette in swine in Thailand. Our findings confirm that swine can be a reservoir of ESBL-producing E. coli harboring class 1 integrons, which may become a potential health risk if these integrons are transmitted to humans. Intensive analyses of animal, human, and environmental isolates are needed to control the spread of ESBL-producing E. coli strains.

The role of the main representatives of the anaerobic intestinal flora in health and disease

2001 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-151
Author(s):  
V. A. Anokhin ◽  
U. A. Tyurin
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Significance ◽  
Intestinal Microflora ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Intestinal Bacteria ◽  
Obligate Anaerobic ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Normal Human

Normal intestinal microflora includes tens and hundreds of species, and their total number in an adult reaches 1014 microorganisms per 1 g of feces [7]. The basis of normal human microflora are obligate-anaerobic bifidobacteria, lactobacilli and bacteroids, the number of which is several orders of magnitude higher than the content of aerobic intestinal bacteria. In recent years, representatives of other anaerobic groups - Anaerovibrio, Butyrivibrio - have been found in the normal intestinal microflora, the biological and clinical significance of which is under study [7].

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