Relative frequency alteration ofEscherichia coliin broiler intestine

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 209-209
Author(s):  
A Seidavi ◽  
S Z Mirhosseini ◽  
M Shivazad ◽  
M Chamani ◽  
A A Sadeghi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Relative Frequency ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Intestinal Bacteria ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Growth Requirements ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Made In

Escherichia coliis a commensal bacterium of the gut microflora of the chicken.Escherichia coliinfections are responsible for significant economic losses in the poultry industry world-wide. The pathogenesis and the role of virulence factors are not yet fully elucidated, although considerable progress has been made in recent years to establish the mechanisms of pathogenesis.Escherichia colistrains cause a number of diseases in domestic poultry, ultimately leading to disease and death, or to a decrease in egg and meat production or condemning of carcasses. On the other hand, our knowledge about the composition of the gut flora and microbial ecology of the gastrointestinal tract is still limited. Previous investigations have mainly used culture-dependent approaches. Studies on the composition of the intestinal flora of chickens date back to 1901 (Rahner, 1901) and were continued in the 1940s (Shapiro and Sarles, 1949), but comprehensive surveys that attempted to culture as many of the intestinal bacteria as possible were not carried out until the 1970s (Barneset al. 1972; Salanitroet al. 1974). Such studies are technically difficult since strict anaerobic conditions have to be maintained during isolation and biochemical differentiation of the bacteria. It is well recognized that many bacteria have not been cultured yet in the laboratory because their growth requirements are still unknown. Recent molecular studies have yielded more detailed insight into the composition of the microbial community of this ecosystem (Zhuet al. 2002). The objective of this study was to develop a PCR based method for rapid quantification ofEscherichia coliand investigation on its relative frequency in duodenum, jejunum, ileum and cecum of broilers.

scholarly journals Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) total RNA against ETEC challenge in a mouse model

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mandi Liu ◽  
Yue Zhang ◽  
Di Zhang ◽  
Yun Bai ◽  
Guomei Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Protective Efficacy ◽  
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Th2 Response ◽  
Total Rna ◽  
Etec Infection

AbstractEnterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), an essential cause of post-weaning diarrhea (PWD) in piglets, leads to significant economic losses to the pig industry. The present study aims to identify the role of ETEC total RNA in eliciting immune responses to protect animals against ETEC infection. The results showed that the total RNA isolated from pig-derived ETEC K88ac strain effectively stimulated the IL-1β secretion of porcine intestinal epithelial cells (IPEC-J2). The mouse model immunized with ETEC total RNA via intramuscular injection (IM) or oral route (OR) was used to evaluate the protective efficiency of the ETEC total RNA. The results suggested that 70 μg ETEC total RNA administered by either route significantly promoted the production of the serum IL-1β and K88ac specific immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM, and IgA). Besides, the ETEC RNA administration augmented strong mucosal immunity by elevating K88ac specific IgA level in the intestinal fluid. Intramuscularly administered RNA induced a Th1/Th2 shift toward a Th2 response, while the orally administered RNA did not. The ETEC total RNA efficiently protected the animals against the ETEC challenge either by itself or as an adjuvant. The histology characterization of the small intestines also suggested the ETEC RNA administration protected the small intestinal structure against the ETEC infection. Particularly of note was that the immunity level and protective efficacy caused by ETEC RNA were dose-dependent. These findings will help understand the role of bacterial RNA in eliciting immune responses, and benefit the development of RNA-based vaccines or adjuvants.

The role of the main representatives of the anaerobic intestinal flora in health and disease

2001 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-151
Author(s):  
V. A. Anokhin ◽  
U. A. Tyurin
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Significance ◽  
Intestinal Microflora ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Intestinal Bacteria ◽  
Obligate Anaerobic ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Normal Human

Normal intestinal microflora includes tens and hundreds of species, and their total number in an adult reaches 1014 microorganisms per 1 g of feces [7]. The basis of normal human microflora are obligate-anaerobic bifidobacteria, lactobacilli and bacteroids, the number of which is several orders of magnitude higher than the content of aerobic intestinal bacteria. In recent years, representatives of other anaerobic groups - Anaerovibrio, Butyrivibrio - have been found in the normal intestinal microflora, the biological and clinical significance of which is under study [7].

The Conundrum of Valuing a Company`s Intellectual Capital

2010 ◽  
pp. 1848-1861
Author(s):  
Luiz Antonio Joia ◽  
Paulo Sérgio da Silva Sanz
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
Intellectual Capital ◽  
Intangible Assets ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Study Methodology ◽  
Relationship Capital ◽  
A Company ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Made In

Since the early 1990s, research has been conducted in an attempt to establish a viable and reliable manner of measuring the intangible assets, also referred to as the intellectual capital, of companies. Several models have been devised, most of them using indicators to evaluate the intangible assets of a given undertaking. In this chapter, exploratory field study methodology is used to analyse the behaviour of the “customer retention” indicator, which has been widely used to evaluate a company’s relationship capital. Two of the largest Brazilian e-retailing groups are analysed in order to obtain an in-depth insight into the behaviour of their frequent customers via their digital channel. Conclusions are presented, indicating that the role of frequent customers in e-retailing companies can sometimes be widely divergent from that presented in existing academic literature. Finally, recommendations are made in order to reach a clearer understanding of the conundrum of valuing a company’s intellectual capital via taken-for-granted indicators.

PCR-DGGE Analysis of Bacterial Diversity of Intestinal System in Hyperlipidemia Rats

2013 ◽  
Vol 726-731 ◽  
pp. 898-901
Author(s):  
Ri Na Wu ◽  
Xiao Meng Pang ◽  
Xi Yan Wang ◽  
Jun Rui Wu
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Diversity ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Intestinal Bacteria ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Dgge Analysis ◽  
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis of 16S rRNA gene has been regarded as one of powerful tools for gaining insight into the bacterial diversity of intestinal system. In the present study, hyperlipidemia model was constructed in rat according to the tests of blood lipids. Fecal samples of rats were collected after 60d feeding, and DGGE was used to investigate the diversities of intestinal bacteria in the artificially-induced hyperlipidemia rats and normal rats. The results showed that two patterns had similarities, but there were also some different bacteria communities. Moreover, control group had much more bands than model group on gel, showing species in intestinal of model rats might be deduced by hyperlipidemia. It will be helpful to explore the relationship between hyperlipidemia and intestinal flora.

scholarly journals A New Insight into the Physiological Role of Bile Salt Hydrolase among Intestinal Bacteria from the Genus Bifidobacterium

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. e114379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Jarocki ◽  
Marcin Podleśny ◽  
Paweł Glibowski ◽  
Zdzisław Targoński
Keyword(s):  
Bile Salt ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Intestinal Bacteria ◽  
Bile Salt Hydrolase ◽  
Insight Into

scholarly journals Effects of doe-litter separation on intestinal bacteria, immune response and morphology of suckling rabbits

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukun Zhang ◽  
Hongxiao Cui ◽  
Defa Sun ◽  
Lihui Liu ◽  
Xiurong Xu
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Intestinal Bacteria ◽  
Vermiform Appendix ◽  
Duodenal Content ◽  
Secretory Iga ◽  
Gut Development ◽  
Caecal Content ◽  
Total Bacteria

Gut development is stimulated by exposure to microorganisms, especially early-life microbial exposure. This study aimed to investigate whether doe-litter separation, which is performed in many rabbit farms, affects this exposure and therefore inhibits the development of intestinal system in suckling rabbits. Immediately after parturition, Rex rabbit does (n=16) were adjusted to 8 kits per litter and divided into doe-litter separation (DLS) group and doe-litter together (DLT) group based on the conditions of the does. One healthy kit per litter was selected and sacrificed at 7 d, 14 d, 21 d and 28 d of age, and the number of total bacteria, Escherichia coli and Bacteroides-Prevotella, expression of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and interleukin 10 (IL-10) in duodenum and caecum were investigated by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The morphological parameters of duodenum and vermiform appendix were also measured. Our results showed that doe-litter separation affected the number of intestinal bacteria. At 7 d of age, except for caecal Escherichia coli, the number of the investigated bacteria was decreased by doe-litter separation (P&lt;0.05). But 1 wk later, only the number of total bacteria and Bacteroides-Prevotella in caecal content (P&lt;0.05) and Escherichia coli in duodenal content from DLS kits (P&lt;0.05) were still lower than those from DLT kits. After being provided with supplementary food for 7 d, DLS kits had fewer total bacteria in caecal content (P&lt;0.05) and fewer E. coli in duodenal content (P&lt;0.01) than DLT kits. After growing to 28 d of age, kits in DLS group still tended to have fewer total bacteria in caecal content, and expression of IL-10 and secretion of secretory IgA (sIgA) in vermiform appendix in DLS group was obviously lower than kits in DLT group (P&lt;0.05). The villus height:crypt depth ratio in duodenum at 3<sup>rd</sup> wk and 4<sup>th</sup> wk was decreased by DLS (P&lt;0.05). Kits in DLS group had shorter villus height (P&lt;0.05), higher crypt depth (P&lt;0.05) and shorter vermiform appendix (P&lt;0.05) at the end of the trial. Furthermore, separating kits from the doe had a negative effect on their average daily gain at 3<sup>rd</sup> wk and 4<sup>th</sup> wk (P&lt;0.05). Limiting the microbiological contact with the mother during suckling period affected the kits’ intestinal flora and could negatively affect the development of intestinal digestive and immune system and growth performance of kits.

scholarly journals Novel Insight Into the Development and Function of Hypopharyngeal Glands in Honey Bees

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saboor Ahmad ◽  
Shahmshad Ahmed Khan ◽  
Khalid Ali Khan ◽  
Jianke Li
Keyword(s):  
Honey Bees ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Hypopharyngeal Glands ◽  
And Function ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Made In

Hypopharyngeal glands (HGs) are the most important organ of hymenopterans which play critical roles for the insect physiology. In honey bees, HGs are paired structures located bilaterally in the head, in front of the brain between compound eyes. Each gland is composed of thousands of secretory units connecting to secretory duct in worker bees. To better understand the recent progress made in understanding the structure and function of these glands, we here review the ontogeny of HGs, and the factors affecting the morphology, physiology, and molecular basis of the functionality of the glands. We also review the morphogenesis of HGs in the pupal and adult stages, and the secretory role of the glands across the ages for the first time. Furthermore, recent transcriptome, proteome, and phosphoproteome analyses have elucidated the potential mechanisms driving the HGs development and functionality. This adds a comprehensive novel knowledge of the development and physiology of HGs in honey bees over time, which may be helpful for future research investigations.

Revealing the Role of Context, Experience and Individual Differences in the Assessment of Heroin Addicts’ Decision Making Abilities

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
C.G.J. Newman ◽  
I. Crome ◽  
M. Frisher
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Substance Dependence ◽  
Task Design ◽  
Individual Response ◽  
Individual Data ◽  
Assessment And Treatment ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Made In

The development of decision making paradigms has prompted a consideration that an underlying deficit may assist in explaining substance dependence. However, despite these advances, little progress has been made in accounting for large inter-subject variance within previous studies. This failure continues to undermine many of the previous attempts to explain individual difference.A study was undertaken to develop methods for analysing and describing individual response behaviours within a decision-making task. In addition, the effect of task manipulations such as feedback, penalties and practice were examined. Substitute medication maintained adults males were recruited for this study.Findings from this research offer new insight into a possible link between task design and the response behaviours exhibited. This study emphasised the importance of individual response behaviours, and the necessity to consider individual data as a route to understanding concepts drawn from between groups analysis. Significant issues are raised that might impact on other existing paradigms and implications are proposed in relation to the assessment and treatment of substance dependence.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document